Yi people's tour guide words

As a silent and dedicated tour guide, you often need to write a good tour guide word, which has the characteristics of paying attention to colloquialism, conciseness and clarity, and highlighting the key points. How to write the tour guide words? The following are the Yi language tour guide words I compiled for you for your reference, hoping to help friends in need.

Yi guide words 1 Yi October solar calendar comparable to Mayan civilization: Calendar is the symbol of human civilization. One of the essences of the world-famous Mayan culture is the calendar. In the past, most parts of China used the Lunar New Year. However, among the Yi people in China, there is also a little-known ancient calendar-the October solar calendar of the Yi people. It is speculated that this calendar originated from Fuxi in ancient times, with a history of about tens of thousands of years. It traces the history of China's civilization back to Egypt, India and Babylon.

According to the ancient Yi solar calendar, there are two years in a year. The Yi solar calendar divides a year into 10 months. Every month, the rat day lasts for one month, and the 12 zodiac cycles three times, and the pig day ends at the end of the month, with 36 days per month. There are 360 days in a year, and the remaining five or six days are New Year's Day. 10 months is not counted. Every summer solstice will usher in a three-day New Year's Day. The first day is the day of receiving ancestors, the second day is the day of offering sacrifices to ancestors, and the third day is the day of seeing them off. Off-year is the solstice of winter, with only two days, one for receiving ancestors, one for seeing them off, and three for celebrating ancestors in leap years.

The October solar calendar of the Yi people is marked by two cycles of the ecliptic 12, with three cycles of the ecliptic as a cycle (month), that is, the 36th is January and 30 cycles of the ecliptic are one year. 1 year, 10, 360 days, 10 ends, plus 5 days of "New Year's Day", commonly known as "October Year", 365 days for the whole year. Add 1 day every three years, that is, leap year (leap day), that is, 366 days.

According to textual research, the tomb of the Yi people looking to heaven is actually an observatory used by the ancients to observe the stars, which is closely related to the Yi solar calendar. The October solar calendar of Yi people is a long and mysterious ancient calendar, which has a deep relationship with China's Confucianism, Taoism and Yin-Yang theory. Today, there are still many "passwords" to be deciphered and studied.

The Torch Festival in my hometown is so lively every year, and last year was no exception.

We were very excited before the Torch Festival came. Adults are ready to slaughter cattle and sheep, while children clamor for their own torches. When they saw the adults holding pine branches in their hands, they rushed over and looked surprised. Maybe they want to see how adults turn pine branches into interesting torches! Adults picked up pine branches and cut them down. After a while, the pine branches became smoother. One, two, three ... gradually increasing. After cutting, just tie it up and turn it into a torch. The adults picked up a rope like straw and tied them up. One torch, two torches and three torches ... The children were no longer surprised, but quickly picked their own torches and put them in their places, and then skipped around to play.

Finally, the long-awaited Torch Festival-Torch Festival has arrived. At six or seven o'clock in the morning, adults are busy and children are responsible for playing. In the afternoon, a hearty meal was served, and everyone was tempted. The aroma of beef and mutton floated far away. I sat down to have dinner with some friends. All the dishes were delicious, and the delicious food soon filled my stomach, but I was still looking forward to the night.

As soon as it gets dark, it's "finally dark!" A child screamed. We took flashlights and rosin. The adults lit the torch for us. Everyone cheered when the torch was lit. It sounds like everyone is happy. We all took rosin, and when the flame ignited by the torch became smaller, we threw it on, and the fire jumped up. We had such a good time that we couldn't stop laughing. Some naughty people picked up a handful of rosin and threw it at others' feet. The fire jumped at someone's feet, and the person screamed with fear, and the naughty child giggled. It was completely dark, and the flame from the torch seemed to shine like stars in the night sky. Gathered together, it seems to illuminate everything, and the air is filled with the smell of rosin. Some children put torches together and danced around them hand in hand. Their faces were filled with happy smiles. We also learned to dance like them. This torch festival is very happy!

Introduction of Yi People 3 Yi people are a nation formed by the continuous integration of ancient Qiang people and southwest indigenous tribes in the long-term development process. Six or seven thousand years ago, the ancient Qiang people living in Hehuang area in northwest China began to develop in all directions, and one of them swam to the southwest of the motherland. More than 3,000 years ago, the ancient Qiang people who traveled to the southwest formed "Six Yi", "Seven Qiang" and "Nine Borders" in the southwest of the motherland, which are the so-called "Song Yueyi", "Qing Qiang", "insulting Kun", "labor immersion" and "Mimo" that often appear in history books. When the ancient Qiang people swam to the southwest, there were already two ancient nationalities in the southwest-Baipu nationality and Baiyue nationality. After the ancient Qiang people went to the southwest, they learned that Baipu and Baiyue lived together for a long time and absorbed the southern culture of Baipu and Baiyue. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, the integration of Kunming people and Yan (Pu) developed into the integration of modern people. From the Han Dynasty to the Six Dynasties, the main residents in eastern Yunnan, western Guizhou and southern Sichuan were called "Lao people" in China's historical records, and sometimes "Lao people" were juxtaposed with "ordinary people".

Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there have been two kinds of barbarians among the ancestors of Yi people. Wuman is developed from Kunming tribe, while Baiman is mainly composed of Lao, Pu and other ethnic groups, and is integrated with other ethnic groups.

During the long-term formation and development of Yi ancestors, their activities once spread all over the central areas of Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces and a part of Guangxi, and their core areas should be the vast areas adjacent to the three provinces.

An important feature in the history of the Yi people is the long-term maintenance of the slave possession system. Around the Western Han Dynasty in the 2nd century BC, there was a split between nomadic tribes and settled agricultural tribes in Yi ancestors' society. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, a group of ancestors of the Yi nationality were constantly divided, which indicated that the Kunming tribe had basically completed the transition from primitive tribe to slave ownership on the basis of conquering ordinary tribes.

In the 1930s, the Mongolian society Zhao Tong introduced the Six Zhao Dynasties, and the ancestors of the Yi and Bai nationalities in Yunnan established the Nanzhao slavery regime, with the ruling center in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in western Yunnan, covering eastern Yunnan, western Guizhou and southern Sichuan, and basically controlling the main distribution areas of the ancestors of the Yi nationality.

Nanzhao slavery dynasty once ruled the Yi ancestors' areas for a long time, which had a far-reaching impact on the existence and development of local slavery. In the second year of Tang Dynasty (902), the collapse of Nanzhao slavery dynasty did not mean the demise of slavery in the areas of Yi ancestors. For more than 300 years in Song Dynasty, Yi ancestors in Rong (Yibin), Lu (Hanyuan) and Li (Hanyuan) were in the struggle between Song Dynasty and Dali regime, and the slave economy was relatively prosperous. In line with this, the slave production relations appeared the situation that big tribes enslaved small tribes.

In the third year of Mongolia, Mongolia and Mongolia Khan (1253), Mongolian cavalry attacked Yunnan in three routes from Sichuan, passing through the Yi region, which led to the formation of a loose anti-Mongolian alliance in the divided Yi region and began to be unified under the name of Luoluo people. Accordingly, Mongolian aristocrats intensified their struggle for the local Yi people and developed into a chieftain system in some frontier ethnic areas, in which the hereditary positions of leaders of all ethnic groups were enfeoffed to rule the local people. From 1263 to 1287, the Yi Tusi were established in Yuexi, Xichang, Pingshan, Dafang, Zhaotong and Weining.

During the 276 years of Ming Dynasty, the land spanned the Yi Tusi (Mozi) such as Shuixi (Dafang), Wuxuan (Weining), Wumeng (Zhaotong), Mangbu (Zhenxiong), Dongchuan (Huize), Yongning (Xuyong), Mahu (Pingshan) and Jianchang (Xichang). On the basis of the above hierarchical relationship, the chieftain system of Shuixi, Jianchang and Wumeng Yi people in Ming Dynasty is still the superstructure of slavery.

During the period of Kang Yong, the Qing Dynasty carried out the policy of "changing the soil into the stream" in the Yi area, which dealt a heavy blow to the forces of Tusi, Mutu and slave owners. With the development of social productive forces, some areas have quickly transitioned from slavery to feudalism.

Torch Festival of Yi nationality is a traditional festival in Yi nationality area, which is popular in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other Yi nationality areas. Bai, Naxi, Jinuo and Lahu also celebrate this festival. Torch Festival is usually held on June 24th or 25th of the lunar calendar for three days. On June 24th of the lunar calendar, the Big Dipper in bucket handle pointed out that all ethnic groups in Yi language branch should celebrate Torch Festival. From October 20xx 18 to July 27th, Yunnan Ethnic Village will hold the original ecological torch festival carnival with the theme of "World Torch Festival-the best ethnic village" for a period of 10, so that citizens can feel the original ethnic customs and participate in the wonderful and original ethnic festivals without travelling long distances.

Yi people's guide words 5 Yi people are the most populous ethnic group in southwest China, distributed in several provinces in southwest China. Yunnan Yi people account for 2/3. Due to the rich geographical environment and resources, the Yi people based on agriculture grow corn, potatoes, barley, wheat and buckwheat. Vegetables are also abundant. Yi people living in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas like to raise sheep, especially in Xiaoliangshan.

Mutton is its main food source, and there are some special customs to eat sheep: the liver and stomach of sheep are first used to sacrifice ancestors, then burned, and some are eaten raw; Sheep brain for the elderly to eat; Women in reproductive period should avoid eating rams; Shepherds can't eat sheep's tails; Sheep blood mixed with shredded radish, salt to make pickles. Steamed rice is especially delicious.

Yi people are also very particular about eating chicken. Generally, it is stewed in a clay pot without a knife. After cooking, tear the chicken into strips by hand and dip it in pepper and pepper juice. The head of a chicken is eaten by the elderly, depending on the hexagrams (the shape of the chicken brain).

Yi people like drinking. There are two kinds of wine, sweet and spicy, which used to be brewed at home. Sweet wine is made of glutinous rice, and spicy wine is made of sorghum or corn. There is a tradition that "it is not a tribute for guests to come home without wine".

During the Spring Festival, the Yi people always slaughter cows, sheep, pigs and chickens, but they seldom move animals unless they entertain guests. Yi people have the custom of killing pigs, half for themselves and the other half for their parents-in-law. Pigs are mostly used for curing, hanging up and drying in the shade to make bacon or ham. We should also eat meat rice cakes, drink jar wine, soak wine and tea during the New Year.

On the Torch Festival on June 24th of the lunar calendar, every household slaughtered sheep and chickens and cooked new buckwheat rice. Mix mutton and scatter it around to show sacrifice and pray for a bumper harvest, no disaster or disease. Light a fire at night, sing and dance to dispel insects, snakes and pests. On the first day of September, the Yi people in Guangxi have the custom of "tasting new things", that is, eating new rice. These are festive eating customs.

Yi people have a set of social etiquette and dietary customs. Yi people are hospitable, and all guests in the family should treat each other with wine first. Banquets are big or small, giving gifts to cows and gradually killing sheep, pigs and chickens. When slaughtering animals, the animals should be brought to the guests to show respect. Cattle and sheep don't have to be treated with a knife, crushed or killed by hand. Therefore, it is called killing animals, and its technique is extremely agile. Animals are often skinned before they die.

When entertaining guests, there is a certain habit of seating. Generally, we eat on the floor around the pot farm, and generally let the guests sit on the top of the pot farm, which is called "the next two pots". Evaluate Yi, who sits at the right head of Hu Village, and call him "Mud Wood"; Helpers, women and relatives sit at the bottom of the pot, which the Yi people call "Xiajiguo". When there are many guests, it will be postponed to the right.

The order of wine is based on the Yi proverb, "Cultivated land is from bottom to top, with wine on the top and wine on the bottom". Sit first, then sit. "Wine belongs to the elderly and meat belongs to the young." After serving wine to distinguished guests, the elderly or elders should be given first, followed by young people. Everyone is involved.

In rural areas, regardless of weddings, funerals and weddings, there is a custom of "six in the morning and eight in the evening". That is, six bowls of lai in the morning, such as tofu, braised pork, Sichuan-style pork, Chinese cabbage vermicelli, pig blood and peanuts. Eight bowls of lai in the evening, such as yellow strips, braised pork, crepe sand (fried pig skin), thousand pieces of meat, cold white meat, braised sausage, peanuts and so on. Stew a bowl of chicken when you are well off. Yi people are good at baking, frying, boiling, mixing and other cooking techniques, with salty, fragrant, spicy and hemp taste, especially at making milk cakes.

Yi people's daily drinks include wine and tea, and wine is used to entertain guests. There is a folk saying that "Han people value tea, Yi people value wine".

Dear tourist friends, Hello everyone!

I am the authoritative tour guide of Xichang Aerospace Travel Agency, and I am the authoritative tour guide of your tourism activities in Xichang City, Liangshan Prefecture. First of all, I would like to extend to you the highest etiquette and greetings from the Yi people. In Yi language, it means "welcome". Nice to meet you today. I will accompany you to take a one-day tour of Xichang and visit the beautiful moon city Xichang. The scenic spots we visited today include satellite launch base, Qionghai and Lushan Mountain.

On the way from downtown Xichang to Guishuiwan Satellite Launch Base, please see the Cross Street in downtown Xichang on the right. In front of us is the statue of the yihai alliance, which is one of the local landmark buildings. I believe everyone has heard of this story. During the Long March of the Red Army, General Liu Bocheng and the leader of the Yi nationality had a drink of blood, and the Han and Yi nationalities formed an alliance. Please take a closer look at these two people. They looked excited side by side. Notice what they have in their hands? By the way, that's a big bowl of wine, so now I want to talk to you about our Yi wine culture. It is also very meaningful, so let me gather together.

Liangshan has a cold climate, and wine can drive away the cold and warm the stomach. So the history of wine-making is very long. Wine plays a very important role in the diet of Yi people. In ancient times, the Yi proverb said, "The Han family attaches importance to tea, while the Yi family attaches importance to wine." "If there is wine, it is a feast. If there is no wine, killing pigs and beating sheep will not be a feast. " It can be seen that attention is paid to wine. Then it is also essential in daily life. In Yi families, whenever guests come, there is no ceremony to make tea as a sign of respect, but there is a custom to pour wine as a sign of respect. Whenever you get married, "satiated with wine and food" is respect, followed by "satiated with food", or almost no guests are invited to dinner; Whenever there is a funeral, the person who pays attention to delivering the most wine is the most filial; When there is a fight dispute between Yi families and individuals, the aggrieved party often apologizes with wine, which can eliminate the resentment of both sides. Look at this wine, it also has many functions of social life. The life of the Yi people can be described as "welcome with wine, be strong with wine, and send with wine when you die."

What wine should we Yi brothers love all our lives? There are many kinds of wine in Yi family, including corn wine, soaked wine, porridge wine, jar wine, miscellaneous wine, beer and so on. Are the crystallization of good food and wisdom. The wine is mellow, bright in color, sweet and delicious. Speaking of this gay guy, he must be secretly happy. It doesn't matter. There is also a bubble wine suitable for our female compatriots to drink, so that we can return to alcohol addiction.

Soaking wine is the most distinctive and popular self-made wine among all kinds of wines that Yi people entertain guests. It takes sorghum, corn, buckwheat and other miscellaneous grains as raw materials, and it takes at least/kloc-0.5 to 25 kilograms of grain to brew a barrel. The craft is simple but skillful, especially the one brewed by Liangshan Meigu. After the wine is brewed, seal it with mud. When drinking, remove the mud and add water until it overflows to the mouth of the barrel, otherwise the wine will be too strong. After two hours, insert the bamboo tube or hemp stalk into the bottom of the barrel and suck it with your mouth. You can also draw the wine out from the small hole at the bottom of the barrel. The smell of wine will make you feel "Wan Li has a good smell of wine, which is mellow, with cool lips and sweet tongue." Therefore, even Su Shi can't help feeling that "rotten boiled sunflower soup pours osmanthus, but it's a pity that the village is full of romance."

How's it going? It seems that you smell alcohol! Don't worry, you must hear me out. We Yi brothers also have ways to drink this wine. Generally speaking, there are three ways. One is "shoulder pole wine", which is the way I mentioned just now. Tujia, Qiang and other ethnic minorities also have this drinking tradition. It is very popular in festivals, entertaining VIPs and holding weddings. The second is to "transfer wine". Everyone gets together to drink, and several people squat in a circle, using only one or two wine bowls and taking turns to drink from right to left. After drinking, everyone should wipe the edge of the bowl horizontally with his left hand as a gift. Give it to the people around you and continue.

The third is "wine in a glass". According to the seniority of the people present, everyone has a drink and everyone shares a drink. There is no one who doesn't like anyone and enjoys the same happiness. Although they drink a lot, they don't drink too much. When I drink, I am also very particular. I only propose a toast. If I propose two or three drinks, it means picking fights. A Yi proverb says, "One cup is worth 920 gold, two cups are worth a good horse, and three cups are worth a dog." There is no habit of toasting, persuading or suppressing wine. So, when in Rome, do as the Romans do. Don't be ridiculous. You failed to live up to the kindness of Brother Yi.

Well, after my brief explanation, let's take a look at this bowl of wine in the hands of General Liu Bocheng and Chief Xiao Yedan, and listen to what the old people say: There is another legend circulating. Due to the special and limited local conditions, at that time, the two men scooped up the lake of the Yi Sea with bowls and made an alliance with the Yi Sea with water as wine to celebrate the Red Army's smooth passage through the Yi area and determined to go north to resist Japan and save the country. That kind of water-rich wine is full of friendship. Do you think that the sincere brotherhood linked by blood is a bit heavy? This is a nation born and died of wine, a proud period born of drinking.

Along the way, there are many scenery and stories. I want to experience this strong wine style. It's not enough to talk. Easy-flavored meals are waiting for us.

Ok, let's visit the villages with Yi customs and some famous scenic spots together!

Yi people's guide words 7 Yi people's song and dance meal: "jumping vegetables", that is, dancing and serving food. It is the unique serving form and the highest etiquette for banquets of Yi people in Wuliangshan and Ailaoshan in Yunnan, and it is a long-standing traditional food culture that combines dance, music and acrobatics perfectly.

When entertaining guests, square tables are generally placed along two lines, with guests sitting on three sides, leaving a "food jumping" channel in the middle. Three gongs kicked off the "vegetable dance": gongs, lusheng, sanxian, stuffy flute, leaves and other folk music played together; Amid the shouts of girls and boys "woo-woo-woo-woo-woo-woo", I saw a Yi man holding a tray with his head arched with his hands, and his steps were high and low, and his steps were urgent and slow. Another man has a plate (***24 bowls) on his head and arm, followed closely. They joined the simple folk music concerto, made funny expressions on their faces, and danced back and forth at a relaxed, beautiful, smooth and coherent pace, and appeared in tandem. Two partners dancing with towels are acting strangely, just like butterflies playing with flowers, rushing forward and rushing back, hugging left and right, escorting them.

A pair of waiters have to serve four tables, and their partners put 32 bowls of vegetables into a back-to-the-palace gossip array, and each bowl of vegetables is like a "chess piece". Have their own positioning, everything according to the ancient rules under the table one by one, not disorderly.

Patriarchal family system prevails in Yi people all over the country, and young children often live with their parents. Women's status is low. The inheritance is divided equally among scholars, and unique businesses are generally owned by close relatives. Father and son names prevailed in the history of Yi people, and this custom continued in Liangshan Yi people until the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC). Monogamy is the basic marriage system of Yi people. Marrying a daughter-in-law requires a higher bride price, and the more table marriage becomes more popular, the husband dies and transfers ownership. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, some Yi areas in Yunnan still maintained the public housing system, and Liangshan Yi people maintained a strict hierarchical internal marriage. In history, most Yi people practiced cremation. Before the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the residents of Liangshan and Yunnan along the Jinsha River still had this burial custom. Other areas have gradually changed to burial since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Yi people's tour guide words 8 Yi people's costumes are various and colorful, which is the concrete embodiment of Yi people's traditional culture and aesthetic consciousness. In the long historical development process, the Yi people living in different areas have created and formed their own different clothing customs, which play an important role in the composition of Yi material folk customs. According to the regional and branch manifestations of Yi costumes, Yi costumes can be divided into six types: Liangshan, Wumeng Mountain, Honghe, Southeast Yunnan, West Yunnan and Chuxiong, and each type can be divided into several styles. Here are some of them.

Liangshan type

Mainly popular in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province and its surrounding counties, as well as Jinsha River Basin of Yunnan Province. The specific natural geographical environment and social form in a specific historical stage formed by the isolation of natural ravines and gullies in Liangshan are simple and unique, which completely maintains the cultural characteristics of traditional costumes. Liangshan men's and women's shirts are right-handed clothes with large rows of buttons. Men and women, old and young, wear shoes, blankets, leggings and felt socks. A man's hairstyle is a traditional "Tianzun", that is, a lock of long hair is stored on the top of his head, mostly wrapped in a long black or dark blue scarf, often wrapped in a pointed cone and obliquely inserted in his forehead, which is called a "hero's knot", and his left ear is adorned with beads and silver earrings. Pants are worn because of different languages and regions, and there are large, medium and small trouser legs. The most distinctive accessory is Tatu, which is worn obliquely on the body, woven with fine beef tendon and inlaid with white patches. Women wear skirts and headscarves, and wear hats or headscarves after giving birth. Earrings such as silver, coral, jadeite and shellfish. They are worn by both ears, with heavy neck ornaments and silver collars. Under the pleated skirt, the adult skirt is divided into three sections, the upper section is the skirt waist, the middle section is cylindrical, and the lower section is pleated. There is a triangular wallet hanging around the waist. The surface of the bag is decorated with various patterns, and the lower end is decorated with five-color streamers for holding things. In addition, wearing strings, syringes and fangs decorated on the chest is considered to ward off evil spirits. The traditional materials of their clothes are mainly self-woven and dyed wool and linen fabrics, and they like to use black, red and yellow colors. Its techniques include picking, embroidering, embedding and rolling. Sickle, claw, fern and other patterns are its traditional patterns, which can be divided into three styles: Enoch, holy tie and bottom.

Wumeng mountain type

In the past, this kind of clothing was mainly made of wool and linen, but now it is mainly made of cloth, and the color is still black, mostly blue and blue. Its basic style is big chest, right hand gown and long education. Women's clothing has floral decoration on shoulders, neckline, hem and skirt. It can also be divided into Weining style and Panlong style.

Red river type

This kind of men's wear is basically the same all over the country, mostly stand-up collar short coat and wide crotch pants; Women's dresses are colorful, with styles ranging from long dresses to long dresses and short dresses. Most dresses have vests, ordinary pants and aprons. The headdress is dazzling, especially decorated with silver bubbles or wool. It can be divided into Yuanyang style, Jianshui style and Shiping style.

Southeast Yunnan type

This kind of clothing is popular in Yi nationality area in southeast Yunnan and Napo in Guangxi. The main styles of women's wear are right lapel, double lapel coat and trousers, and skirts are worn in some areas; Men's clothes are double-breasted, with vest and wide crotch pants. Some Yi people in Napo, Guangxi, Malipo, Yunnan, etc. still retain the ancient official square robes, which are only worn by women at festivals or ceremonies. This kind of clothing is mostly white, blue and black, decorated with animal and plant patterns and geometric patterns. The process includes embroidery, patchwork, batik and other techniques. There are three styles: Lunan, Maitreya and Wenxi.

Characteristics of Yi people's costumes

(1) embodies the beauty of black and yellow;

(2) It reflects the living habits and honor consciousness of Yi people.

(3) Men's wear mostly embodies its heroic spirit;

(4) Clothing patterns reflect Yi people's understanding and reverence for nature.