What event was the eunuch's authoritarian consorts in the Eastern Han Dynasty?

The disaster of the same party fighting against differences was two attacks on scholars and students in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which had a far-reaching impact. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, consorts and officials

Officials alternately control state affairs, and the emperor exists in name only. On the one hand, they plunder the people's fat paste and dare to take it; At the same time, it holds the power to choose officials.

The abuse of relatives and friends, the confusion between right and wrong, and the confusion between black and white have blocked the career path of a large number of virtuous and knowledgeable intellectuals. At that time, the people sneered.

A limerick satirizing the official selection system: "Give a scholar, but don't know the book; Cha Xiaolian, father separated; The cold element is as pure as mud, and the highest soldier is as timid as a chicken. "

We can see how fatuous the officials selected under the control of consorts and eunuchs are. Political darkness, social unrest, national destiny and

The bleak future of mankind has prompted some bureaucrats and intellectuals to comment and sharply criticize current politics and belittle the consorts and eunuchs who usurped power and stole the country.

Praise honest officials who are not afraid of power and care about the country and the people, and gradually formed the so-called "talk freely", which later developed to China.

A famous partisan struggle in history.

There is a rule in the history of China that consorts and eunuchs preside over state affairs, and upright literati and officialdom must retreat to the fields. As early as in Shun Di, scholars

Doctors once destroyed the crown belt to avoid mountain disasters. When Emperor Huan arrived, politics became darker, and more intellectuals fled to the countryside or mountains, or bowed to their own cultivation.

Crops, self-reliance; Or give lectures and practice hard in seclusion. On the surface, they seem to be at peace with the world, but they can be seen clearly through their appearance.

Strong dissatisfaction with consorts and eunuchs. Therefore, when the imperial court settled in Xuandi, they went to the deep mountain canyon to invite them to be officials in North Korea and sing praises for eunuch politics.

When praising virtue, they would rather die than associate with eunuchs. Not only did they not apply, but they also criticized the current politics. The biographies of the later Han Dynasty were called Emperor Huan,

The Emperor Ling said, "The policy of the country is absurd, and the life of the country is entrusted to Yan Temple. Scholars care for each other. Therefore, ordinary people resist anger, and Chu Shi discusses it horizontally. So it caused their reputation and communicated with each other.

Brush the topic, the product is suitable for the public, be in power as appropriate, and be straightforward. "

Corresponding to those people in their seventies who live in the mountains or Shan Ye, they are young students living in imperial academy. During the reign of Huan in the Eastern Han Dynasty, imperial academy

Born in more than 30,000 people, I feel that my family background is scattered and my political future is bleak. I also hate eunuchs in power. So, Guo followed.

On the one hand, a group of student leaders headed by Tai and Jia Biao organized and publicized anti-eunuch politics in imperial academy; On the other hand, absorb society.

People with insight and talent in the world will enter imperial academy to expand their lineup. Therefore, imperial academy also became another political activity center at that time, a young intellectual in China.

Molecules first appeared in the front line of political struggle. In the first year of Huan Yongxing (153), Zhu Mu was appointed as an official in Jizhou (now south-central Hebei) to punish corrupt officials.

Dirty officials and powerful people. Eunuch Zhong Zhao dug graves and cut coffins for verification on the grounds of burying his father's ultra vires, and arrested his family. Emperor Huan was very angry after hearing the news.

Sentenced Zhu Mu to hard labor. This led to the first large-scale student petition movement in history. Thousands of students, including Tamia Liu, went to the Palace to pay homage to Huan.

The emperor wrote a petition to intercede for Zhu Mu. They accused "China officials of learning from the past, stealing the country's handle, holding the throne, and talking about the Constitution", reversing right and wrong and abusing it.

Authority. Zhu Mu is loyal and worried about his country. Is a rare sage. If I have to be sentenced, I will accept the punishment of hard labor on his behalf. Emperor Huan had to pardon him.

Zhu Mu. The first petition is over. Emperor Huan extended for five years (162), and Huang made meritorious service in Pingqiang, which was forced by eunuchs.

The goods were not paid, and he was framed for invading his army and sentenced to hard labor. As a result, more than 300 people, including former student Zhang Feng, launched the second petition movement.

The imperial court wrote that Huangfugui was rehabilitated, so Huangfugui was pardoned.

Chu Shi's cross-discussion and students' resistance to anger have greatly inspired a group of middle and lower-level honest officials in spirit and public opinion. They are also upright and upright.

Law, sanction eunuchs and their relatives and friends. Most of the county magistrates of Liu Hu, the satrap of Hedong, were eunuchs' children, and the people were miserable. When Liu Hu arrived, he became strong.

A just and unjust prison. When Yuan Kang was the Taishou of Mount Tai, the surname Hao in the county was illegal. Yuan Kang was furious and ordered that no one dare to do it again. Nanyang Taishou Tang Cheng and

Gong Cao Cenchang punished businessmen who colluded with eunuchs. Yang Shantai Zhaichao, James Zhang and Du You have no property in the hometown of eunuch Hou Lan. Taiyuan satrap

Liu Lin killed Zhao Jin, a greedy and reckless Minions. Huangfu, the Prime Minister of the East China Sea, arrested Xia Pi, who shot and killed Li Gui's daughter, and ordered Xu Xuan, old and young, to go there.

Abandon the market and show it to the public.

In Chu Shi, the three forces of junior officials and students in the DPRK developed in parallel and echoed each other, forming a political climax of the struggle against eunuchs.

Tide. The leaders of this struggle are Chen Fan, a junior official, and Captain Mars. At the beginning of Emperor Huan, Mars was

His younger brother, Li, an official captain, worked as a county magistrate under him, was greedy and tyrannical, and fled home to avoid punishment. Mars is not afraid of officials.

The official authority personally led collectors to Zhang Rang's house to hunt them down and cure them. Zhang Rang appealed to Emperor Huan, but Mars thought that Emperor Huan must release Mars. this

Once the eunuchs were restrained, Mars's reputation was even higher. At that time, if people were received by him, they would be honored as "boarding the dragon gate."

However, eunuchs did not sit there and watch their opponents slaughter. They are always waiting for a chance to fight back. The Zhang Cheng incident that just happened became their launch.

An excuse for the first party blocking event. According to historical records, Zhang Chengshan, a powerful person in Hanoi, observes astronomical phenomena and divines good and bad luck. He made friends with eunuchs, and even Huan Imperial City asked him for help.

Educated. He was sure that there would be an amnesty in the near future, but he ordered his son to kill people. Mars arrested his son for the death penalty, but he was pardoned. Li Ying became more angry.

Illness, regardless of Amnesty and killing it. Therefore, Houlan, the favored eunuch, instructed Rizo's disciples to write a letter falsely accusing Mars and others of "keeping a business trip."

Scholars, making friends with students and disciples from all counties, are driving each other. * * * is the party concerned, condescending and suspicious. "Huan emperor heard great anger, namely the letter to arrest party member.

And announce the crime to the whole country for the whole world to condemn. That was the ninth year of Yan Xi (166). As a result, more than 200 people, including Mars and Fan You, were arrested.

"Those who have escaped and those who have not, are all suspense. The messenger came out to watch the road. " Qiu Chenfan remonstrated with Emperor Huan, pointing out that this practice "exists all over the world".

What's the difference between a deaf and blind person and Qin burning books and burying Confucianism? "Huan emperor listened to more angry, even excused himself from Chen Fan. Mars is waiting in prison.

During the trial, some eunuchs' children were deliberately involved, which made eunuchs afraid to participate. Dou Wu, the father of Queen Dou, was dissatisfied with the eunuch's autocratic power and sympathized with the students.

Eunuch movement, too students turned to fighting. However, Dou Wu remonstrated with Emperor Huan, pardoning the partisans from punishment, otherwise the world would be chilling.

Disappointed. Thus, in the first year of Yongkang (167), more than 200 party member were pardoned. They will all go home from office and be named Sanfu. Life imprisonment is not allowed.

Officer. This is the disaster of the first party blocking.

Although communist party people were dismissed from office and returned to the fields, they were not allowed to be officials, but they were respected by the society more than officials. Fan Pang came back from prison.

Thousands of cars greeted him in his hometown. Huang, a famous soldier, is a hero in the west. He also feels that it is a shame that he is not listed as party member. sky

Scholar-officials are superior and pollute the court.

They show off each other and call world celebrities titles: "three kings, eight handsome men, eight lawyers and eight chefs." hodful

Wu, Chen Fan and others. They are all three kings, and "Jun" refers to being respected by the world. Mars, Wang Chang and so on. It is eight handsome, and "handsome" refers to a hero among the people. With Guo Tai,

Fan Pang and others are eight cares, and "care" refers to being noble and talented. Taking James Zhang and Liu Biao as eight harmonies, "harmony" refers to people who can guide people to pursue worship.

With Duchamp and Zhang Miao as the eight chefs, "kitchen" refers to helping others with wealth. This mutual encouragement set them against court officials.

More intense emotions, not only did not let party member yield, but inspired their fighting spirit.

After the death of Emperor Huan, eunuchs became more powerful and decadent.

Hou Lan, Cao Jie, Wang Fu and others, together with female ministers such as Ling Di's wet nurse, committed adultery with each other, defiled the palace and manipulated state affairs. Chen Fan, a teacher, general.

Officer Dou Wu wanted to kill the eunuch. Unfortunately, he was killed. From then on, the eunuchs began to fight and perform against the party members.

The disaster of the second party occlusion. In the second year of Jianning (169), the eunuch Hou Lan instigated people to falsely accuse James Zhang and Du You, from the east of Shanyang County, of forming a party, thus endangering the country. Cao Jie

Take this opportunity to send a signal to the relevant prison management departments to let the last batch of guerrillas participate. The spirit emperor was fatuous, so he was allowed to play, so there were Mars, Fan Pang and so on 100 people.

James Zhang fled the country only after he was arrested and died in prison. But in the process of escape, he was covered by many dead people, and the government pursued him all the way.

Check, so hundreds of people were tied up and their homes were ruined. At this time, the enemy also took the opportunity to frame each other and falsely accuse people who had nothing to do with party member.

Eunuchs also called the heroes of the world and Confucian righteous men party member, and 600 to 700 people died, moved, abolished and banned. That was not the case.

Before it was finished, in the fifth year of Xiping (176), Cao Luan, the satrap of Yongchang, wrote a letter to intercede for party member, saying that people who thought of party member were either proud of virtue or well dressed.

Suitable for royalty. Today, prisoners are humiliated, so disasters often occur, and floods and droughts come together. Prison should be lifted to comfort fate. Cao Luan visited

The book meant well, but the emperor was furious. Instead of listening to advice, he arrested Cao Luan and died in prison. I also sent letters to prefectures and counties, and I also took an examination of the party's confidants and students.

When the father and son are in office, they are all exempt from official imprisonment, affecting the five genera. This is the second party dispute. This incident has a wider scope of attack and greater punishment.

Cruel. Since then, scholars have been guilty of taboos, few intellectuals have integrity, and society has fallen into darkness and chaos.

The disaster of political party occlusion in the Eastern Han Dynasty was the first political party occlusion event in the history of China feudal society. Unlike Qin Shihuang, who burned books to bury Confucianism and only killed Confucian scholars.

It is also different from the later literary inquisition to imprison hundreds of schools and respect legalists alone. He is a eunuch who is good at politics. He opposes scholars and Nian in the government and opposition under the guise of the emperor.

Relieve students' all-round attack. However, this perversion could not save his dying rule, when the "literary dispute" between scholars and students was suppressed.

After going on, it was followed by the unbearable "war" of the common people and the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising that was quickly banned by the party.

The establishment of the Jin Dynasty was a heavy blow, which made Emperor Han Ling realize that if the problem of henchmen was not solved, the combination of henchmen and rebels would be disastrous. Therefore,

In the first year of Zhong Ping (184), an amnesty was declared and the exiles were allowed to return to their hometown. At this point, the problem of partisan struggle has finally been solved.