Historian culture

Historians' culture in Sima Qian's Historical Records: "Historians never sing, leaving Sao without rhyme". What does the word "history" mean?

In Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi, there is also a "history". Analysis of seal characters. Mouth: wooden slips and bamboo slips; What: a knife and a pencil. And: the right hand. Loyalty and seeking truth from facts record history.

The original historian was the person in charge of sacrifice and astronomical calendar. His duties are very similar to those of ancient diviners. Starting with Sima Qian's "The Guarantor An Shu" and some ancient historical documents, this paper sorts out the evolution of China historians. China's ancient historiographer culture experienced four main stages.

In the first stage, in the early ancient times, that is, in the Xia and Shang Dynasties, there was no distinction between witchcraft and history. History is a part of Wu Zhu. Historians as sacrificial ceremonies, ephemeris, divination, notes.

The Taishi Order of the Han Dynasty still retains some characteristics of those ancient sacrificial officials. Early historians and witches are indistinguishable.

The second stage, the Yin and Shang Dynasties. In the Yin and Shang Dynasties, historians gradually split from witchcraft and became a relatively special duty.

The third stage, the Western Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Wuwang died shortly after he succeeded to the throne, and the young king succeeded to the throne. At that time, the Duke of Zhou assisted in becoming a king and took charge of the world. Duke Zhou became a queen and did many important things in politics and culture, which had a far-reaching influence on the politics and culture of China in later generations. Among them, the system of rites and music is an important event in the process of Duke Zhou's assisting to become a king. With the needs of politics, the functions of historians are constantly changing and expanding. In Zhou Li, the division of labor among historians is very subtle.

The fourth stage, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In particular, the Spring and Autumn Annals, which has been handed down to this day, has always been considered by traditional historians to be compiled by Confucius. Confucius initiated the private historiography in ancient China, further separated the historical view from the witch officials, and historiography gained a relatively independent position.

Ban Gu, a great scholar in the Han Dynasty, wrote in Hanshu that the ancient king had a historian and had to write a book to make a statement, so he should be cautious in his words and deeds and show the demeanor of law. Historians mainly record the words and deeds of the king, which plays an indirect role. "Book of Rites. Jade algae once recorded that the son of heaven lived in a mysterious place, and all his actions were left in the history books, and his words were right in the history books.

Historians in the Western Zhou Dynasty have a finer division of labor. Historians refer to officials at all levels who are responsible for important national activities.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, vassal states gradually rose, so they themselves became independent historians.

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