Reading the Book of Songs with "Appreciating the Scenery" —— A Record of Meng's Teaching Activities

"Meng" is the first of two songs in Lesson 4, Unit 2, a compulsory course of People's Education Press. The teaching requirement of this unit is mainly to understand the ideological connotation and artistic achievements of the works. "We should pay attention to reciting repeatedly, experience the thoughts and feelings in the poem, pay attention to the originality of different works in creative techniques, pay attention to the rhythm of different poetic styles, and feel the different tastes arising from it. "Students are no strangers to The Book of Songs. They studied Guan Ju and Jian Jia in junior high school, but they were shallow in junior high school and didn't dig deep into ideological connotation and artistic techniques. How to deal with selected works of The Book of Songs in senior high schools?

I. Origin of the activity

After reading the Analects of Confucius recently, I really felt Confucius' emphasis on "poetry teaching". He not only quoted the Chinese language in the Book of Songs many times, but also pointed out the importance of learning the Book of Songs when educating his sons and students. Article 17 of Yang Huo:

Confucius said, "Why not learn poetry? Poetry can be aroused, observed, grouped and resented. Your father is a thing, and your father is a distant thing; Learn more about the names of birds, animals and plants. "

"Complaining about enjoying the scenery" is Confucius' high generalization of the social function of The Book of Songs, his profound understanding of the aesthetic function and social education function of The Book of Songs, and initiated the history of China's literary criticism. When I was teaching the Book of Songs to Mangzhong, I made a small attempt to read the Book of Songs by "appreciating the scenery and complaining", so that students could appreciate the Book of Songs from this angle.

Second, the activity preparation

1, for details.

The starting point of teaching must be what students know. As Dewey said: "There are some things that must be known. The brain has some information, otherwise it can't think." Based on this, students are given a lesson to preview, and through repeated reading (grasping the rhythm of four-character poems), understanding key words against notes, telling stories in their own words and other links, they can feel the rhythmic beauty of poems and understand the contents written by the whole poem, so as to achieve the degree of reciting.

2, clear concept

Reading appreciation is also a logical thinking activity, and conceptual ambiguity is the most primitive mistake of logic. Therefore, first of all, it involves the understanding of "watching and complaining". Yang Bojun explained that "it can cultivate association, improve observation, exercise social skills and learn irony methods". Personally, I think this explanation is a bit literal. After reading it, it's still unclear. I then referred to some other annotations and made a more popular explanation: "Enjoy the scenery and complain".

Third, the activity process

1. Understanding "Sightseeing Complaints"

(1) Read The Analects to understand its origin. Because students are being instructed to read The Analects this semester, let them open the Analects and read Chapter 17 and Chapter 9 of Yang Huo: Confucius said, "Why don't you study poetry? Poetry can be aroused, observed, grouped and resented. Your father is a thing, and your father is a distant thing; Learn more about the names of birds, animals and plants. "

(2) Understand the meaning of "sightseeing and complaining" with PPT projection. Xi notes "Feeling Will". Li Zehou: "'Xing' refers to the association of art", that is to say, expressing feelings in a figurative way makes readers feel excited, thus affecting their will.

View-Zheng Xuan Note: "View the ups and downs of customs." Zhu Note: "See the gains and losses." That is, poetry reflects the real life of society, so poetry can help readers understand the ups and downs of customs and the gains and losses of politics.

Live in groups-Kong Anguo Note: "Live in groups and learn from each other's strengths." Zhu Note: "Harmony without flow." Poetry can help people exchange feelings, learn from each other, improve their self-cultivation and learn how to get along with others.

Resentment-Kong Anguo Note: "Resentment stings politics." It means that you can satirize the political loss of the politicians and complain about injustice.

2. Think and discuss in groups according to tasks, and form written results. According to the distribution of students' positions in the classroom, students are divided into eight groups, and each group is assigned a task to appreciate Mang from the perspectives of interest, opinion, group and resentment.

3. Group communication and demonstration. Because each task is completed by two groups, they can complement each other or argue with each other, and the teacher will supplement and judge them appropriately. I was very surprised by the results of communication and display.

(1) Xing Group

The first group shared the words "Qi has a shore and discipline has a plate". The students said that these two sentences mean that no matter how wide the water is, there is also a shore, and no matter how big the puddle is, there is also an edge, so the heroine thinks of her love, and even the best love will end, so she expresses her inner sadness.

The second group stood up and argued that the expression of beautiful love would not end, but that the expression of tolerance was limited, and wrote the heroine's helplessness and choice. The reason is that this sentence comes from "it always makes me complain" and ends with "it's too late"

Teacher's judgment: the understanding of the first group makes sense, because there is a "banquet with a total angle, talking and laughing." Swear, forget it. The technique of "xing" is "saying something else first causes the words to be sung". The second group's understanding is related to the last sentence of this chapter. "I don't think about it, but it is already very awkward. "The heroine chose to terminate this unfortunate marriage and didn't want this resentment to continue.

Then the first group found out "Mulberry didn't fall down" and "Mulberry fell down", but their understanding was beyond my expectation. Usually we think that these two sentences describe the decline of the heroine from young beauty to old age in a metaphorical way. The students in this group said that the delicious mulberry leaves remind people of their love life when they first got married. The yellow and falling mulberry leaves remind people that with the passage of time, their lives are boring because love is no longer fresh, leading to emotional crisis and eventually cracks. Later, it was added that mulberry leaves are also a portrayal of the heroine's face.

Teacher's judgment: From the context of these two places, these two associations are both logical and possible.

The understanding of "no mulberries to eat" is basically not difficult.

Teacher's summary: From the above three cases, we can find that the method of "xing" actually means "comparison". The selected things, such as mulberries, pigeons and qi, are all nearby things, that is, things that are very familiar in life. These things are similar to what they wrote, feelings and truths, which easily arouse readers' association, thus generating sensational power. For example, "Guan Yu's pigeon is on the river continent" at the beginning of Guan Ju, which was learned in junior high school.

(2) "View" group

Students mainly "view" from the perspective of "custom". The sharing results are as follows:

Marriage: It can be seen that marriage and love are relatively free. But "children don't have good media" means that the words of the matchmaker are still needed. As can be seen from "Erbur", it is necessary to choose a good day for marriage, and the way is divination. The woman who "bribed me to move" is going to pay a dowry. It can be seen that "indoor fatigue" in marriage life is in the wife's house. "I don't know my brother, but I'm laughing." It can be seen that the woman can go back to her family. "It's too late" means that divorce is not a big deal.

The teacher added: The Spring and Autumn Period was an important stage in the history of China's marriage development, which had an important influence on the later development of China's marriage system. Duke Zhou regulated people's behavior by courtesy, and marriage was no exception, which laid the foundation for "engagement marriage", and engagement marriage has three elements: the words of the matchmaker, the orders of parents, and accepting our money (that is, the man should give the woman a certain property, that is, the bride price). "Book of Rites Quli" said: "If you don't accept our money, you won't pay or kiss." )。 The absence of these three will be regarded as "indecent assault".

Economy: Embracing Trade Silk shows the economic situation of barter at that time. Another understanding is that "cloth" refers to a kind of coin.

Society: "a scholar is useless, and a virtue is two or three." "As for violence, they do whatever they say." It can be seen that there were signs of inequality between men and women at that time, that is, men were dominant and in a strong position, while women were passive and weak.

(3) "Group" group

This group has the most active communication, probably because it is closely related to itself and life.

There is no compromise in the face of principle.

"Bandits I won, there is no good media. It can be seen that the heroine has realized that it is impossible without a matchmaker, but she finally compromised. The heroine's love was doomed to be a tragedy from the beginning. If a man really loves, he will never be rude. Therefore, when dealing with people, whether ordinary friends or lovers, we must never compromise in the face of principled issues.

The teacher added: In a sense, "ceremony" is a system and a rule. If a person doesn't obey the rules at first, he will definitely behave more and more later. Therefore, Confucius' idea of "restoring ceremony" has a certain positive effect.

Even if you love again, you can't lose yourself

The words "riding on the other side of the wall ... talking with a smile" show that the heroine is in a relatively passive position in love, including the previous compromise. Her laughter and crying are all around "self-protection" and she has completely lost herself. It is difficult for a woman to get real respect and love without herself.

The teacher added: You should know the love story between Zhang Ailing and Hu Lancheng. The words written for Hu Lancheng on the back of the photo sounded the alarm for the woman: "When she met him, she became very low, as low as the dust, but her heart was happy, and flowers blossomed in the dust." Your "low" into the dust can only be exchanged for "overlooking" and overlooking. Not only love, but also people should pay attention to a "degree", not too hot, not too cold, not too far, not too close.

It makes sense to be suitable for each other.

I feel that I come from a family, and women are better than men. Sometimes we think "marrying down" is great, but in fact it brings many specific problems, especially the differences in living habits and behavior habits, which often lead to contradictions.

The teacher added: There is always some truth in what the ancestors said, but how to look at today's "main entrance" needs to be carefully studied. Maybe we can't just look at the material conditions, the most important thing is to look at the "three views".

Learn to know people.

From "self-protection" to "two virtues" and "violence", we can see that men seem honest at first, but in fact loyalty is false and hidden. Therefore, making friends with people must go through a long period of in-depth understanding.

The teacher added: Confucius talked about "observing people" and "knowing people" in The Analects of Confucius. For example, Chapter 10 of Chapter II of Administration says, "Look at what it is, look at what it is, and look at what it is safe for. What about people? People are embarrassed? "

(4) "Resentment" group

This group seems to have nothing to talk about. This is a love poem, and it is almost impossible to talk about political gains and losses. In the end, I can only say "unfairness", which means I feel the inequality between men and women in love and marriage. This point has been basically mentioned in the previous "Viewpoint". So I handed the task of reading "Picking Wei" to this group to complete.

Fourth, about "thinking naively"

Teacher: This is a love poem. We read more than love through Watching and Telling. This is a love poem, not as beautiful as Guan Yu and Jia Jian, because it is a tragedy. Is it a very "tragic" love story as some students said at the beginning? (Explore later)