Intensive reading of classical Chinese

1. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions. (1) and know the gentleman with 1

A2 .B3 .

D4 .A5 .

(1) therefore understands the heart of a gentleman, is open-minded and attractive, and is willing to absorb the strengths of others to this extent. (4 points) (2) As soon as the road to Li Lu is opened, people who study this kind of knowledge regard it as a means to acquire wealth.

(3 points) (3) The speech of Han Confucianism is not something that should be absorbed on the premise that it does not exceed that of Song Confucianism. (3 points) 1.

Test analysis: she: Modesty. Give up a nephew, nephew.

Mastering more notional words is the key to improve the reading ability of classical Chinese. When learning the notional words in classical Chinese, we should pay special attention to its four main grammatical features: interchangeable words, different meanings in ancient and modern times, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech.

Test center: Understand the meaning and usage of common notional words in classical Chinese. The ability level is understanding B.

2。 Analysis of test questions: Although some function words in classical Chinese retain their forms and appear in modern Chinese, their meanings and functions have changed greatly.

For example, the "so" in classical Chinese expresses the reason and basis, and now it is used to express the result. Another example is "so", which was mostly two words in ancient Chinese, but now it is a disyllabic word.

Therefore, only by knowing the past and the present can we avoid "interpreting the past with the present". Test center: Understand the meaning and usage of function words commonly used in classical Chinese.

The ability level is to understand B.3.

Test analysis: Like modern Chinese, the subject and object in classical Chinese are generally served by nouns or pronouns, and the predicate is mostly served by verbs, which is the core of the sentence. Grasping the predicate verb and inferring according to the verb position and the relationship between the verb and the word before and after can improve the accuracy of sentence breaking. In addition, the word order of classical Chinese is basically the same as that of modern Chinese, that is, the subject comes first, the predicate and the object come last, and the modifier generally comes before the head word.

Mastering the word order law of classical Chinese lays the foundation for accurate punctuation of classical Chinese. It can be seen that grammatical analysis is helpful to accurately break sentences.

Test center: understand the sentence patterns and usage different from modern Chinese. The ability level is understanding B.

4。 Test analysis: There is no "My nephew sends a letter to Jiang" in the article. Pay attention to compare the options with the original text one by one, and eliminate the wrong options.

Test center: filter the information in the text. The ability level is C.

5。 Test analysis: First, find out the key words or sentence patterns to be translated, usually literal translation, except for some figurative words, and then translate them as a whole. According to the norms of modern Chinese, fluent sentences can be achieved.

The key words (1) are "open-minded and good-induced" translated into "open-minded and good-induced", "good-induced" translated into "strength", (2) "Tao" translated into road, "scholar" refers to people who study knowledge, "thinking" translated into action, and ...

Test center: Understand and translate the sentences in the text. The ability level is understanding B.

Note: [1] Li (village. [2] Dysprosium (kuì): Born deaf.

Mèng: dark, dim. [3] Kirin: Animals in ancient legends, like the phoenix, are often used as auspicious symbols.

When used to describe an article, it means that the text is beautiful and the literary talent is flying. [4] Bi an: Happy.

Wait, be happy. [5] Knowledge (ambition): Through "ambition", remember.

Between the lines: in the middle of the text. After seeing Jiang's masterpiece, I wrote back to express my opinion.

[6] Lead rope: correction. Rope, correct.

[7] Brilliant: A courtesy title for a person means that the other person is more knowledgeable and knowledgeable than himself. [8] Yes: accept and bear.

Specialization: specialization and arbitrariness. To rely on both sides of the trunk means to rely on it.

[9] Calligraphy: handwritten letters. [10] Intention: heart.

[1 1] Smell of vegetation: Grass and wood are similar things with the same smell, so people of the same kind are artificial vegetation. Eight years of Zuo Zhuan's "xianggong": "Today is like grass and trees, the widowed gentleman is in the gentleman, and the gentleman stinks."

Smell it. [12] flexion: profound twists and turns.

[13] Ancient Confucianism: This refers to Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty. Stubborn: rigid and clumsy.

[14] sinology: also known as "Pu Xue", refers to the study of textual research and exegesis of Han Confucianism. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Gu and others praised the simple style of study of Han Confucianism and opposed the empty talk of Song Confucianism.

During the period of Ganjia, Yao Nai, Dai Zhen and others even developed exegetical methods based on Han and Confucianism. Although they have made achievements, they have also formed a style of study that is divorced from reality and textual research, which is opposite to Tongcheng School's proposition of advocating Song Confucianism. [15] Self-discipline: Self-discipline, arbitrary.

[16] Because: So. [17] Shi Wen: The popular style now is the one used in imperial examinations at that time.

[18] Dai Dongyuan: Dai Zhen, whose real name is Dongyuan, is from Xiuning, Anhui. Thinkers and scholars in Qing dynasty made great contributions to Confucian classics and linguistics.

He expounded the meaning of ancient books by exegesis and strongly criticized the idealism of Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism. [19] Qian Xianzhi: Qian Dian, a native of Jiading, Jiangsu.

Painters and scholars in Qing Dynasty. Yao Nai once wrote The Preface of Giving Money and Offering, which was about the dispute between Neo-Confucianism and Sinology at that time.

[20] duóo: A clock with a wooden tongue, which was used in ancient times to execute political and religious orders and spread them. "The Analects of Confucius Eight Shu": "Why did the second and third sons suffer from mourning? There is no way in the world for a long time, and the Lord is the Muduo. "

Zhu's Notes on the Analects of Confucius thinks that the meaning of this passage is: Why worry about losing your official position? The world has been dark for a long time, and God will regard Confucius as a mouthpiece for spreading bright politics. [2 1] Su Shi said: Su Shi explained the passage of "Mu Duo" and thought that Confucius, the messenger of heaven, had lost his position, traveled all over the world and worked as hard as Mu Duo on the road.

[22] Noe: Zhu's Notes on the Analects of Confucius. [23] Bi Cheng: A person's name, born in the Warring States period, was killed when he was an official.

[24] Rong An: Doubt is the name of Jiang Bing. Jiang Bing was born in Yanghu (now Changzhou, Jiangsu).

Yongzheng juren, Zhuo Yushi, served as an official for more than 30 years, with political achievements. [25] Yingzhou: the name of the government, where the rule is now Fuyang, Anhui.

This refers to Jiang Bing's son Jiang Xiongchang. Xiong Chang used to be a magistrate in Yingzhou, and here he is an official title.

In the same year: those who obtain the same list after the rural examination and the general examination are called the same year. Yao Nai and Jiang Xiongchang are scholars on the same list.

[26] teaching words: teaching words. A courtesy title for other people's opinions.

[27] Stupidity: Self-modesty. [28] e: forgive.

2. Read the classical Chinese, read the following classical Chinese, complete the following question (1)C "Give the title" as the object of "Zhao Wei", then pause and exclude BD; "Shannan" is a place of "rebellion", and then pause to rule out A; Zhang Jun really failed. He was summoned to the court and appointed as a minister. Yang Fuguong rebelled in Shannan, and Li Rang crusaded against him in the name of recruiting envoys. Before the court could reply, he and Wang Xingyu sent troops without authorization. Zhao Zong was very angry and refused to reply. Therefore, C.(2)A "is synonymous with" relocation ",and the choice of" relocation "refers to general transfer. Therefore, it is wrong to choose A and (3) B "only after father's funeral". In the original text, "when my father died, he was called by the people in the book." Niu Hui lived in Liang and Hansheng for a period of time after his father died, and was called to the imperial court to give up his family after his father died. This position is also called. Wrap: package; She: accommodation; Offer: offer; The robbers and Niu Hui carried bamboo sedan chairs together, let them live in their own homes, took out cloth to bind up Niu Hui's wounds, and presented Niu Wei with thick porridge and soup, and kept them for two nights before leaving. Safety: foolproof; Count: consider; Now we are attacking Li, and his troops are all rabble. If we beat them, it will be foolproof. When do you think there will be good news? Answer: (1)C (2)A (3)B (4)① The robber and Niu Hui carried bamboo sedan chairs together, let them live in their own homes, took out cloth and silk to bind up Niu Hui's wound, and gave Niu Wei thick porridge and soup, and let them stay for two nights before leaving. Now, they are attacking Li, and his army is a mob. Beating them must be foolproof. Niu Wei's son's name is Hui. Niu Hui was admitted to the Imperial Examination, and after several promotions, he became an official minister. During the Ganfu period, officials were excessively elected, and officials often profited from it. More than 4000 people are selected every year. Cattle will be strictly managed and the legal system will be revived. Niu Wei fled to Liangzhou to avoid disaster and fell ill on the way. Niu Hui and his son are carrying a bamboo sedan chair. When passing the plank road, the robber injured his head. Niu Huixing bowed and said, "Everyone has a father. Now my father is old and ill. I hope he won't be frightened. " The robbers were moved and stopped chasing him. When they went to the valley in front, they met some robbers and told each other, "This is a dutiful son! "Carrying a bamboo sedan chair with NiuHui let them live in their own home, take out a cloth to NiuHui wound, with thick porridge to entertain Niu Wei, kept for two nights. After arriving in Liangzhou, Niu Hui rushed to Zhou Shu to meet the emperor and asked to return to serve his sick father. Niu Hui resolutely refused to be an imperial adviser, and met with Du Rang, the prime minister, and said, "The emperor went out of Beijing to serve, and my father was ill to serve. "I asked myself to go back to Liangzhou to seek medical treatment for my father." After my father died, I stayed in Liang Han. After the mourning period, I was called into the imperial court, and Ren Zhongshu gave up his post because of illness, and stayed in Chencang. Zhang Jun crusaded against Taiyuan, introduced Niu Hui as the judge, and ordered him to go to his post. Niu Hui sighed and said, "The royal family has just recovered, and the grain and grass in the warehouse have been restored. There will definitely be worries. " Refused to leave. Zhang Jun really failed. He was summoned to the court. Yang Fuguong rebelled in Shannan, and Li Rang crusaded against him in the name of soliciting envoys. The court didn't reply, so it sent troops without authorization with Wang Xingyu. Zhao Zong was very angry and refused to reply. Li repeatedly asked the emperor to convene his ministers to discuss, but no one dared to speak. "The royal family is in trouble." Li did make a contribution. Today, Yang Fuguong led an insurrection with soldiers, and Li Zhuzhi. Li's sin is to send troops without waiting for the court's order. I heard that soldiers in two towns killed and injured many people. If they don't stop it early, people in Liang Yao and Yizhou will die. Please give him what Li Zhao brought in, and let him restrain himself, so that the soldiers will be afraid. "The emperor said," Yes. " So he confessed and confessed. Sure enough, the rebellion was put down, but Li was even more arrogant. The emperor sent Du Rang-neng, the prime minister, to lead the crusade. "qi zhou is the west gate," said Niu Huijin. Li is bullying others. What if one in ten thousand disadvantages dampen the majesty of the country? I hope to subdue him slowly. " The emperor wouldn't listen. After Du Rang sent troops, the emperor summoned Niu Hui and said, "There are many people who crusade against Li today, but they are all rabble. If you beat him, you must be foolproof. When do you think there will be good news? " Answer: "It is my duty to admonish, and what I say is important military affairs. If you ask the date of putting down the thief army, I hope your majesty will blame the general with tortoise divination. This is not my duty. "Then the official army really failed.