What is the witchcraft in the scenic spot?

In the history and culture of scenic spots for thousands of years, perhaps "Fa" is what people hear the most, just like the legend in mythology, which makes people unable to explain clearly. . .

In remote areas where Miao people live together, if a child accidentally has a blood bubble in his mouth, his mother will hurriedly find a needle to puncture the blood bubble and angrily scold: "I am possessed, I am possessed." I already know who cut off the skull with a knife. I won't spare her until she takes it back quickly! "If you eat fish carelessly and the fishbone gets stuck in your throat, your mother will let your child swallow the fishbone without chewing a few mouthfuls of rice. Then I called the child to the gate and recited the name of a person (who is considered to have magic) and shouted: "Some people have magic. She gave me a cup. I know. If she doesn't get it back soon, I won't spare her: one day, I will fall on her house with dung and hit her roof with stones to let everyone know that there is magic in her house. Some children can't get married, and some women can't get married. " The shouts were filled with anger and hatred. It is said that through this way of calling the village, people who "release the law" will hear it and be afraid, and they will automatically withdraw the "law".

In ancient times, it was commonly known as "grass ghost" in Miao area. According to legend, it is attached to women, harming others and harming themselves. Those so-called witches are called "grass ghosts". After investigation, some Miao scholars believe that almost all Miao people believe in this law, but the weight varies from place to place. They believe that in addition to the above-mentioned emergencies, some intractable chronic diseases such as long-term cough, hemoptysis, dull complexion and emaciation, as well as symptoms such as visceral discomfort, bowel sounds, abdominal distension and loss of appetite are all possessed by this method. It's sudden, so it's good to let the so-called liberators get it back by calling the village. If you are a chronic patient, you should invite a wizard to "drive away the poison". This daunting method is not the exclusive right of Miao people. Magic techniques were widely spread in ancient Jiangnan area of China. Method originally refers to insects born in utensils, later moths born after food spoilage, and insects born from other objects are also called methods. The ancients thought that this method was mysterious in nature and extremely toxic, so it was also called poison method, which could enter the human body through diet and cause diseases. The patient seems to be confused by ghosts. Most of the ancient poisonous insects mentioned by pre-Qin people refer to mysterious poisonous insects that naturally occur. Long-term superstition of poison law has formed the concept and practice of making laws to harm people. According to scholars' research, during the Warring States Period, some people in the Central Plains used and taught the method of sinning.

Legend has it that the production method of poison method is generally to put snakes, scorpions and other poisonous insects into the same object, let them bite and kill each other, and finally only poisonous insects are left. There are many methods, among which snake method, dog method, ghost cat method, scorpion method, toad method, insect method and flying method have great influence. Although it looks tangible on the surface, it has been regarded as a mysterious thing since ancient times. It can fly, change, shine and come and go freely like a ghost. The caster can use magic to remotely control the caster, which will bring various diseases and even death to the caster. The ancients believed in the magic of poison to cause disease. In the eighth year of Li Qing (1048), Song Renzong published a book "Good Governance Prescription" in Li Qing, which introduced the method of governance. Even medical books such as Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Thousand Golden Formulas and Compendium of Materia Medica have detailed prescriptions for TCM method analysis and treatment of symptoms.

In the conceptual world of Miao people, there are snakes, frogs, ants, caterpillars, sparrows and turtles. The method has multiplied in the person who owns it. If you can't find food, you will attack the person who owns it and ask for food. If the method master feels uncomfortable, he will vent it and endanger others. When releasing the magic, the magician said to himself, "Go find someone to eat and leave me alone!" This method will automatically find that person. Or dozens of meters away, the method will fly to that person with a snap of your finger. Some people even say that whoever the method looks at is who you fall in love with and let its owner give it to. Otherwise, this method will kill its owner, so those skilled people must give it up. There is a story among Miao people: once upon a time there was a mother who had a cup and she took a fancy to her son. Of course, the mother doesn't want her son. But the cup gnawed at her fiercely, and there was no way, so she agreed to put it to harm her son. When my mother said these words to the cup, it happened that my daughter-in-law heard them outside. Daughter-in-law rushed to the edge of the village, waiting for her husband to mow the grass and told him about it. She also said that the bowl of eggs left by her mother should never be eaten after she went back. After that, the daughter-in-law went home first and burned a large pot of boiling water. When my son came home later, his mother told him to eat the bowl of eggs. Daughter-in-law says the eggs are cold, so eat them while they are hot. Opening the lid, he poured the bowl of scrambled eggs into the boiling water pot, covered the lid and pressed it tightly, only to hear something struggling and swinging in the pot. After a while, nothing happened. When I opened the lid, I saw that it was a big snake that was burned to death.

Of course, all these so-called methods are nonsense. As for what the method really looks like, no one has seen it except from generation to generation. Of course, it is a myth.

Although this is a myth, some Miao women are deeply hurt by this concept. People think that "magic" is only available to women, and it can only be attached to women and passed on to the next generation of women, but not to men. For example, if a young man "travels" and meets a girl who is congenial to him and marries him without his parents' consent, then their next generation, all women, will inherit this charm from their mother and pass it on from generation to generation. In China's classical literature, the spell caster is not limited to women. Why do Miao people think that only women are attractive? This is related to the social and cultural traditions of the Han and Miao nationalities. In the witchcraft belief of the Han nationality, there is only the distinction between good and evil, and there is no gender opposition. However, in southern minorities such as Miao nationality, the cultural gender opposition formed in the process of matriarchy being replaced by patriarchy is much stronger. This opposition is manifested in the belief in witchcraft, that is, the male wizard who occupies the orthodox position becomes the party to maintain social order, while the witch who once dominated the matriarchal society becomes the destroyer of order and is falsely accused of being the inheritor of black witchcraft. All natural and man-made disasters that the wizard can't explain or understand are detained on the witch's head. This leads to the absurd conclusion that women have methods.

Because it is considered to be a serious criminal activity of murder for money, it has always been listed as the object of severe crackdown in history. There is a provision in the Han Law that "those who dare to deceive others should be taught to abandon the market"; The laws of Tang, Song and even Ming and Qing Dynasties listed the use of poison as one of the most heinous crimes and imposed capital punishment. The government's punishment for so-called wizards is extremely cruel. According to Kuang Lu, a scholar, Tito, an "official" in Zhuang area, buried her body in the ground, exposing only her head, then poured wax juice on her head and set it on fire. In Miao areas, women falsely accused of being witches, although not all people are worried about their lives, have been discredited, discriminated against and criticized, causing great mental pain and even dying with bitterness. Those families that are considered dishonest are discriminated against and humiliated, and even relatives and friends are afraid to associate with them. No matter whose family is sick, as long as the wizard is right, then the sick family will scold, scold, and others will know who they are scolding, and the scolded person will know it himself, just like cursing Zhai at the beginning of this article. People who have methods should also submit to humiliation, because an excuse is equivalent to revealing that there is a so-called method in their family, so they should be humiliated in vain.

In many remote areas of Miao nationality, medicine in the old society was backward, and many diseases could not be effectively treated. The ineffectiveness of each visit is often attributed to the method. During the Republic of China, there was a Han Chinese in Xiangxi, who was an official in the army and was very powerful. He has a strange abdominal distension. Whenever he expands, he seems to feel something wandering in his abdomen. Because the doctor he invited was not very skilled, taking medicine was ineffective, and he was also blamed for being cheated by the Miao girl next door. After repeated attempts by the wizard, there is still no improvement. In a rage, Han Guan tied up the Miao girls of his neighbors and hanged them, abusing them in every way, without punishment or punishment, and almost tortured them to death. The husband of Miao women is afraid of the power of Han officials, so he can only stand by and watch. Later, after more than a year, after being introduced, Han Guan invited a brilliant doctor to make a diagnosis and treatment. The doctor said it was some kind of abdominal distension, not poison. Sure enough, after taking a dose of medicine, I got well. The poor Miao woman was wronged to death. Only after the doctor's confirmation did the Miao woman regain her innocent reputation. How many Miao women can't wash away their grievances all their lives!

In Miao areas, revenge by swearing or venting personal grievances in the name of the wife will lead to disputes. Miao people's "talk about it", especially in marriage. If the children are going to get married, parents of both sides should secretly and strictly examine each other (commonly known as "lead an honest and clean life") to see if their family relatives are clean, that is, if there is anything fishy. If you find that the other party is suspected of being unclean, you will politely refuse, which will cause many marriage tragedies. Some young women, suspected of cheating, can only marry men with defects or poor family circumstances; Some young women even committed suicide. Because of the fear of marrying relatives, some Miao areas are basically arranged by one hand, and all relatives are married, which leads to closer blood relationship and lower quality of people.

In view of the serious harm caused by the bad habits of this law to the Miao society, many Miao scholars feel that the superstition of this law has reached the point where it must be eradicated, and loudly call for changing customs and getting rid of bad habits. With the popularization of scientific and cultural knowledge and the improvement of medical level in Miao areas, the influence of witchcraft superstition in Miao areas will be less and less.