Ming Dynasty's Contribution to Multi-ethnic Countries

From 1368 to 1644 in the Ming Dynasty, around 276 years, in the long history of 5,000 years, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming

Ming Dynasty's Contribution to Multi-ethnic Countries

From 1368 to 1644 in the Ming Dynasty, around 276 years, in the long history of 5,000 years, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and other sixteen emperors worked hard to create many brilliant achievements in the history of the Chinese nation, and many outstanding civil servants and military commanders emerged, which are still deeply influenced, making us feel proud as descendants of the Chinese people.

I. Main contributions

1. Beijing Forbidden City

The construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing began in the fourth year of Yongle (1406), based on the Nanjing Forbidden City, and was completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle (1420), and was renovated in 14. It is a rectangular city with a length of 96 1 m from north to south and a width of 753 m from east to west. Surrounded by a wall with a height of 10 meter, there is a moat with a width of 52 meters outside the city. The architecture of the Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the outer court and the inner court. The center of the outer court is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe, which are collectively called the three halls, and are the places where the country holds ceremonies. The center of the Forbidden City is Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, collectively referred to as the last three palaces, which are the main palaces where emperors and empresses live.

2. Yongle ceremony

Yongle Dadian is a collection of ancient China classics compiled by Yao and others at the behest of Ming Taizu during Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. It was originally named "literary masterpiece", and later Ming Chengzu personally wrote the preface and named it "Yongle Grand Ceremony". The book has 22,877 volumes (60 volumes in the catalogue, 22,937 volumes in * * *), 1 1095 volumes, about 370 million words, and 7,000 ancient and modern books are collected. In the first year of Yongle (1403), Judy made up her mind to write a masterpiece of national prestige. The aim is to "compile all the hundreds of books on classics and history since the book was made, as for astronomy, geography, yin and yang, medical divination, Buddhism and Taoism, and the number of skills." At first, it was compiled by Jie Jin (scale: 147 people), and a year later it was compiled into a literary masterpiece. But after reading it, he was very dissatisfied and appointed Yao as the supervisor. At the same time, the establishment team was expanded to 2 196 people (more than 3,000 people in total), and it was finally decided in the fifth year of Yongle (1407), Judy herself.

The whole book was copied in the sixth year of Yongle (1408). The original Yongle Dadian has not yet determined whether there is a permanent tomb, but the copy of the Dadian was destroyed, most of it was destroyed by war, and a considerable part was stolen by later generations in the name of repairing books. Today, there are only over 800 volumes, which are scattered all over the world. The contents of Yongle Dadian include classics, history, poetry, book collection, astronomy and geography, Yin and Yang medicine, divination, interpretation of Tibetan scriptures, drama, science and technology, agriculture and so on, covering thousands of years of intellectual wealth of the Chinese nation. Encyclopedia Britannica called China's Ming Dynasty book Yongle Dadian "the largest encyclopedia in world history". It has become an important symbol of China culture.

3. The Mixed Picture of Daming

A Map of Mixed Daming belongs to the administrative map, and the mapping date is 1389 (twenty-two years of Ming Hongwu). It is an album with a scale of 386×456cm, which mainly shows the houses, mountains, rivers and their relative positions at all levels in the Ming Dynasty and its adjacent areas. Residential areas are all located by the method of adding land names and borders, and the borders are distinguished by different colors. This map is beautifully drawn and rich in content. It is the largest, oldest and most complete map of the ancient world in China at present, drawn by China people themselves. It is a precious cultural relic at the national treasure level.

This map of the Ming Dynasty, centered on the map of the Ming Dynasty, starts from Japan in the east, reaches Europe in the west, includes Java in the south, and reaches Mongolia in the north. This is the largest, oldest and best-preserved map of the ancient world in China. In the early Qing Dynasty, all the place names in China were marked in Manchu with different sizes according to their grades. The direction is up north and down south, and there is no scale. After calculation, the domestic vertical ratio is 1: 1060000, and the horizontal ratio is 1: 820000. Some foreign countries are so deformed that it is impossible to calculate the scale. The whole map is nearly 4 meters square, depicting the relative positions of various administrative offices and mountains and rivers in the Ming Dynasty, including Baodi, Qujiang, Huze dike, border islands, ancient ruins and ancient rivers 1000. This is the most detailed outside the Ming Dynasty, especially in Europe and Africa. This is a complete map of the Ming Dynasty and its neighboring areas.

4. Zheng He's voyages to the West

In the 28 years after A.D. 1405, Zheng He led his fleet to the Western Ocean seven times, and the route crossed the Indian Ocean from the Western Pacific. It has reached more than 30 countries or regions such as Java, Sumatra, Sulu, Pahang, Zhenvax, Guri, Siam, Adan, Tian Fang, Zoufal, Hulu Maugham, and the ancient capital of Mu, and finally reached the east coast of west asia and africa, which opened up a breakthrough. This series of voyages was 87 years earlier than Columbus' discovery of America, 92 years earlier than Da Gama and 1 14 years earlier than Magellan. At that time, the Ming dynasty was ahead of the west in navigation technology, fleet size, sailing distance, duration and related fields, creating a miracle in the history of world navigation. In a word, Zheng He's fleet is a huge fleet, and its advanced ship technology, long voyage, great influence, large tonnage, many sailors, strict organization and advanced navigation technology are unparalleled in the world at that time. Their sailing achievements are obviously not inferior to those of westerners, and even Columbus and others are far behind in sailing time, fleet size and sailing technology.