Time-limited training of early political system in China

1) packet system. Objective: To consolidate the rule of Zhou Dynasty. Meaning: Also known as "sealing the country and founding the country", it is to distribute clan in-laws to various places and establish a sub-country under the condition of ensuring the strength of the Zhou royal family. In other words, the Zhou Emperor granted certain land and people to the royal family, heroes and the previous generation of nobles, so that they could establish a vassal state and defend the royal family. Overview: After the founding of Zhou Wuwang. After the Duke of Zhou rebelled, it was enfeoffed on a larger scale. Duke Zhou played an important role in promoting the enfeoffment system. Duties of vassals: obey Zhou Wang's orders, defend the territory for Zhou Wang, follow the battle, pay tribute and report to the court. Major vassal States: Qi, Lu, Yan, Wei, Jin, Chu, etc. Function: strengthen Zhou Wang's control over the local area; Conducive to territorial expansion; It is conducive to stabilizing the political order at that time.

(2) the patriarchal clan system. Objective: To consolidate the position of paternal parents in this clan, so as to consolidate the kingship. Consolidate the ruling order formed by the enfeoffment system, and solve the contradictions between nobles on the issues of power, property and land inheritance. The Western Zhou Dynasty implemented the system of combining enfeoffment with patriarchal clan system. Essence: distribute political power according to bloodline and maintain political ties. Content: ① The eldest son is the heir of land, property and power. The eldest son's brother and mother's brother are the youngest. Small is subordinate to big, and small is relative to big. (2) According to the blood relationship, the patriarchal hierarchy of "Zhou-vassal-Qing Dafu-scholar" was formed, thus establishing the corresponding relationship between blood relationship and power status. Influence: stabilizing order, preventing competition and consolidating feudal system; The concept of patriarchal clan system has become one of the traditional ideological contents. Patriarchal clan relationship is conducive to uniting clans, preventing internal disputes, strengthening kingship, and closely combining "country" with "family".

1) hereditary system. After his death, Yu's son Qi inherited Yu's position and began the situation of "one family under the world" from then on; The Shang dynasty formed the rule of power inheritance, that is, "the father died and the son succeeded, and the brothers eventually lived together." In the Zhou dynasty, the system of direct inheritance of the eldest son was formed.

(2) The close combination of theocracy and kingship. All political affairs in Shang Dynasty were decided by divination. The supreme ruler of the Zhou Dynasty declared that he was "ruling the people on behalf of heaven" and called himself "the son of heaven".

(3) Distribution of state power by blood relationship. Patriarchal clan system prevailed in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and its political status was determined by blood relationship.