Biography of the Emperor (60)

Xuan Wudi was born in 483 AD, ascended the throne in 499 AD, died in 5 15 AD, and is now located in 16 AD. Year number: Jingming, Zhengshi, Yongping and Yanchang.

After Xuan Wudi ascended the throne, national politics was very bad. Wei entered a period of civil strife.

The official department was originally the highest authority of the central government to appoint and remove officials. But in Xuan Wudi, the official department has become a market for selling officials. At that time, people called it "City Cao". In 506 AD (the third year), Hui Yuan, a senior official of the official department, publicly offered to sell the official. He stipulated: an army of 2,000 silks; The second county 1000 silk; Xiajun silk five hundred; Other official positions are also priced at different levels.

When Xiu Yuan was a minister of official department, there was a vacancy in Shangdang County. A doctor from Form 3 asked to fill the vacancy, and the emperor agreed. However, because Yuan accepted bribes from others, he refused to let Gao make up for it. Gao shouted in court; "There are thieves!" Someone asked him, "Where did the thief come from in broad daylight?" Pointing to Yuan, he said, "It's the man sitting here. The emperor has promised me to be the governor of the party and county, but because others paid a heavy price, he refused to listen to the emperor's orders and refused to let me be an official. Isn't this a robbery? "

The official department sells officials, which fully shows that political corruption in the Northern Wei Dynasty is out of control. In the Northern Wei Dynasty ruled by Xuan Wudi, officials took advantage of it, and the wind of corruption was extremely prevalent, and the bureaucracy was extremely corrupt. Therefore, Xuan Wudi had ordered to curb debauchery. However, the emperor himself is the biggest debaucher, and he can't control the ministers.

The secretariat of Huazhou and Bai Yang of the Han nationality seized private land in the name of "borrowing". His younger brother Yang Chun not only robbed the people's land, but also stole 34,000 mu of official pasture land. When Yuan Dan was appointed as the secretariat of the State of Qi, he was greedy and tyrannical, and even the peasants' cattle, horses and donkeys were taken away. When a shaman came back to get medicine for him, Sheng Yuan asked, "What news did Master have outside?" The shaman replied, "I only heard that you are greedy." I hope you leave here as soon as possible! " "Yan Yuan was not ashamed, but casually said," The population of qi zhou is 70,000. After I came, the average family was less than 30 yuan. How can you talk about greed? "Thus, the greed of Xuan Wudi officials is so severe.

During the period of Wei Emperor Wu Tai, he put forward the idea of limiting the Buddha and destroying it. When he arrived in Tuoba, Wen Chengdi, the temple was restored and the Buddha began to flourish. Especially in Xuan Wudi, I worshipped and superstitious Buddhism and supported more than 3,000 monks from the West.

In 509 AD (the second year of Yongping), Xuan Wudi personally went to Shigantang to tell monks and courtiers about Vimalakīrti classics. In order to develop Buddhism, Xuan Wudi ordered Yin Marco to unify the monk Siam in the south of the Yangtze River, and to build a temple in Songshan Mountain, which was spectacular and famous.

Because of advocating Buddhism, there are more and more temples in Wei. According to statistics, from 5 12 to 5 15 (extending the first year to four years), more than 500 temples were built in Luoyang alone, and more than 3700 temples were built in various counties.

In 5 15 and 5 1 year, Xuan Wudi Yuan Ke died in Shigantang at the age of 33. Later, Yu Zhong, the servant of Prince Zhong and his general, welcomed his third son, the 6-year-old Prince, and became Emperor Xiaoming.

Xiao Ming Emperor Xu Yuan was born in 5 10, ascended the throne in 5 15, was killed in 528, and ascended the throne in 14. Year number Xiping, Tortoise, Zheng Guang, Xiaochang, Wutai.

After Emperor Wei Xuanwu, the Wei regime became more corrupt in the next year of filial piety. During this period, the famous Six Towns Uprising and Hebei Peasant Uprising took place.

Xu Yuan proclaimed himself emperor when he was young, and his mother Empress Hu was in charge. Hu Taihou is bohemian, abusive and unscrupulous. Her husband Xuan Wudi believes in Buddhism, and she believes in Buddhism even more. She thinks Buddhism can reduce evil, so she builds temples in Daxing, which is worse than Xuan Wudi. In October of 5 16 (the first year of Xiping), Hu Taihou built Yongning Temple next to Chongxun Palace and a cave temple in Yikou. The two temples are resplendent and magnificent. The building of Yongning Temple is more magnificent and dazzling.

There are 1 ft high gold statues 1, 10 ordinary high gold statues and two jade statues in the temple. There is also a 9-story tower with a clock as high as 120 on the thousand-foot tower. It rings with the wind every night and can be heard ten miles away. There are more than 0/000 monk rooms in the temple, all decorated with pearls and jade. When the tower was completed, Hu Huanghou led the prince and other officials to burn incense in the temple. All monks, nuns and women inside and outside the capital will accompany them to the temple to pay their respects. There is an endless stream every day, with more than100000 people.

At the beginning of his reign, Xuan Wudi carved two shrines hundreds of feet high for his parents on a sparrow hill in the south of Luoyang. When Emperor Xiaoming arrived, he dug 1 again, which lasted for 20 years. This alone cost more than 82,000 people.

Buddhism is very popular under the advocacy of the ruling class, and temples are all over the counties of Beijing. By the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty, there were 1367 monasteries in Luoyang, and there were more than 30,000 monasteries in China, with the total number of monks and nuns exceeding 2 million.

Due to the extravagance of the emperor and the queen mother, princes and ministers are even more greedy for money and profit, and the whole officialdom is competing for beauty and corruption is rampant. During the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, Shi Chong and Wang Kai were richer than anyone else. By the time of Emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei Dynasty, there was another example of Yuan Yong and Chen Yuan vying for money.

The residence and garden of Yuan Yong, king of Levin, are as luxurious as imperial officials, with 6,000 slaves and 500 prostitutes. Hejian Wang Yuanchen's family has 300 prostitutes and more than ten horses. He invited the princes to hold a banquet and used hundreds of gold and silver utensils. The wine glasses, rice bowls and plates carved with crystal, agate and ruby are very beautiful. The treasury is full of money, silk and all kinds of fabrics, including wool brocade (carpet) and silk brocade. He said to ZhangWuRong; "I don't hate that I don't see Shi Chong. I hate that Shi Chong doesn't see me." Rong Yuan saw that Chen Yuan was so luxurious and rich, and he was envious and jealous. He went home and lay down for three days without getting up. In fact, Rong Yuan's wealth is not less than theirs, but he is not satisfied.

Once, Hu Taihou took a group of princes and ministers to visit the Ministry of Finance. In order to tease them, he asked them to recite the silk books of the state treasury. It is stipulated that whoever can recite them can get as much as possible. Zhang Wurong and the big bureaucrats rushed to each other and were drowned by silks. One fell and the other sprained his waist. When Hu Taihou accused Chen Yuan of being insatiable and ugly in Dingzhou, he said, "This man wants everything in Dingzhou except the Zhongshan Palace (Zhongshan is the capital of Yan State, and the Northern Wei Emperor has a palace here)!"

The Northern Wei regime was so corrupt, of course, it was necessary to continuously increase taxes. When Emperor Xiaowen reformed, it was stipulated that household silks were four feet each, but by the time Emperor Xiaowen reformed, each silk had grown to seven or eight feet. The same is true for renting rice. Compared with other countries, the barrels and scales in the Northern Wei Dynasty were twice as big. Later, there was a big barrel scale, which stipulated that three barrels were a big barrel and three pairs were a big pair. Due to the changes in barrels and scales, the burden on the people has actually doubled or more than tripled.

Therefore, from 522 (the third year of Zheng Guang) to 525 (the first year of Xiaochang), peasant uprisings broke out in six towns, Hebei and Shandong. Later, although these uprisings were suppressed, they also dealt a heavy blow and shook the ruling foundation of the Northern Wei regime, creating conditions for the great integration of the northern people in the future.

Hu Taihou is a woman who covets power and indulges in her private life. He appointed Toy Boy Yan Zheng as the general of the Secretariat and the general of the chariot; Another Toy Boy man, Zhou Xu, was appointed as Scheeren. In order to eat, drink, and be merry in time, Hu Taihou asked them to take turns sleeping (sleeping with them) and having sex every night. Have what big things to discuss with them, * * * palm failure. In order to hide people's eyes and ears and prevent the scandal from reaching the emperor's ears, he also killed Gu and Taoist priests, close ministers around Emperor Xiaoming.

With the growth of age, Emperor Xiaoming became more and more disgusted with his mother's political monopoly and erosion of his own life.

In 528 AD (the first year of Wutai), in the first month, Ming Chengzu sent a secret order to send troops to Luoyang, threatening Hu Taihou to hand over power. However, due to leaks, Er Zhurong and his Ministry Gao Huan just went to Shangdang (now Huguan, Shaanxi Province), and Emperor Xiaoming was killed by Hu Taihou at the age of 19.

After the death of Emperor Xiaoming, Hu Taihou made Wang Shizhi Emperor Lintao at the age of 3. Er Zhurong objected, consulted Yuan Tianmu, the secretariat of Bing, and made Emmy, the third son of Yuan, his uncle, emperor of Xiao Zhuang.