Four top philosophers teach you how to live a happy life in an ordinary life.

When we can't understand the way the world exists and our relationship with the world, philosophy becomes our savior.

Or with the help of a philosophical perspective, let us open our eyes.

The mystery of existence and the unknown makes us curious enough to explore everything in this world.

An unexamined life is not worth living, which was written by Japanese writer Haruhiko Shirakawa and Wing Sword System in two years. It absorbs the core ideas of the Twelve Philosophers and makes people look at life from different angles.

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Examining "Know Yourself" with Socrates

Socrates said, "An unexamined life is not worth living".

Life is our biggest man-made event. "bosom friend" is the instinct to explore inward, and then outward, broaden your horizons and increase your experience.

Socrates, as an active ancient Greek philosopher more than two thousand years ago, is also the most influential one in history.

The "ignorant" advocated by him, that is, the "ignorant who knows himself", has a far-reaching impact on future generations.

There is a narrative about the origin of this philosophical story of "ignorance".

One day, a friend of Socrates went to the temple for divination: "Is Socrates the smartest person?"

The result of divination shows: "Yes! He is the cleverest person. "

The friend was happy to tell Socrates, but Socrates was confused because he felt quite ignorant. How can he be the smartest person?

So he began to visit many knowledgeable and eloquent people at that time, but these people were stumped by him.

Finally, he came to a conclusion:

"It turns out that God thinks I am the smartest person, because at least I know my ignorance, and others don't even know this."

This is a profound philosophical story.

Ignorance is not knowing what you don't know, but the wisdom of knowing what you don't know.

Yes, who will feel ignorant?

We are all obsessed with the authorities, and it is difficult to find our own shortcomings. Only by observing the outside world and increasing the field of knowledge can we alert ourselves and reduce misjudgment.

Taking Socrates' "ignorance" as the breakthrough point, the author expounds the ignorance from understanding "ignorance" to life, work, even love and financial management.

Through the wisdom of "ignorant knowledge", we can introspect from as many aspects as possible, and then understand and even resolve the fear of ignorance, further open the horizon of life and dig more ignorant knowledge.

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Examining "Happiness" with Aristotle

In thinking about the happiness of life, Aristotle advocated "a happy life without false external requirements".

"Popular" things are always fresh and fashionable, keeping up with the pace of the recent times, from the exquisiteness of food, clothing, housing and transportation to the step-by-step pursuit of asset wealth; What people pursue is an external thing that can make people feel happy.

Then the question comes: if you keep pursuing what makes you happy, can you get a happy life?

Let's take a look at this description in the book:

"If someone gave you a gift of one hundred yuan, would you be happy? Most people don't!

But if it is a child of a poor family, he may be very happy. "

With the abundance of life, the standard of happiness will also increase. Finally, the gift itself will no longer produce happiness. If there is a little bit, at most it is a kind of enjoyment envied by those who don't have it.

So the author said: "This kind of fun is empty, not full of joy, and it can't make people feel happy."

The value of money in the pursuit of happiness is not excluded, but it is only one of the relatively small external factors and cannot determine more.

As early as more than two thousand years ago, Aristotle had clearly denied that money was the main factor that brought happiness. To some extent, money is more about the effect of sexual power on people.

However, nowadays people often put the cart before the horse, pursue money and ignore happiness, and finally they can only be bound by it and even lead to misfortune.

Happiness is not false. Only by building a beautiful heart, reducing blind pursuit and weaving a protective net of mood with beautiful inner virtues can we achieve real happiness.

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Hume's Examination of "Self"

The great philosopher Kant said, "Hume awakened my arbitrary dreams."

"Arbitrariness" refers to being too arbitrary about some known concepts and ideas, thus covering up the other side of things.

At the beginning, the author tells a story about a teenager who lived in the mountains for a long time and suddenly wanted to see the outside world one day.

Described in the article:

"I went through a lot of hardships, climbed over a higher mountain and finally reached the top of the mountain. Looking at it, it is endless. "

It turns out that the village is just a small corner of the world. This broke his original cognition and everything beyond his imagination.

At this moment, the original image of the world collapsed, and the teenager's heart felt a great shock.

This kind of feeling must have reached a certain moment when we were growing up. Our eyes opened in an instant, and we were free. This is a kind of glory.

Hume inherited Aristotle's tradition of attaching importance to sensory experience as the origin of knowledge.

He advocates that all knowledge comes from sensory experience, and it is this presupposition that opens Hume's road to deep self-doubt.

Associating with our life and feelings, our persistent and persistent self is probably just an illusion.

Perhaps, only by letting go of yourself can we have a chance to embrace freedom.

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Examining "Loneliness" with Schopenhauer

In life, we all feel uneasy sometimes, and the reality is often different from what we expect.

This is the sense of disharmony and uneasiness brought by "change".

Schopenhauer's world view of "everything changes" is based on this theme.

Driven by "will", we become members of desire, and often find out various reasons to rationalize our behavior for the sake of temporary impulse.

But the result is often: following the "will" action, we will feel pain; And if you don't act according to "will", it will still make people feel pain.

In ordinary life, how can we get rid of some "will" impulses?

Schopenhauer gave the answer more than a hundred years ago: loneliness is the best antidote.

As Haruhiko Shirakawa said, "Stay away from the noise of the world and turn your back on the world with your own will."

In fact, loneliness is inevitable when human beings come to this day. It has long been a part of our life, even if you are in good times.

But loneliness is not the same as loneliness, but a true inner self-expression, which makes this short life tend to be self.

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The world of philosophy is always full of wisdom, just like the key to the heart of a confused person.

These names, which once looked up under the starry sky, make the world like a lush treasure house of ideas for future generations to learn from the sunshine of wisdom.

An unexamined life is not worth living * * * Chapter 12: The first six sections are written by Wing Sword System, taking life experience as an example to talk about the strength that philosophy gives us in the process of life growth.

The last six sections were written by Haruhiko Shirakawa, and the theme he emphasized was how to jump out of the social framework and the value of live high's life.

Life is long, and there are always obstacles. Only by making friends with yourself first can you live a good life.

* * * Encourage!

Author: Jane Y, a member of intensive reading club, draws the fragrance of life from simplicity.