Literal Translation of On Poetry and Poetry Criticism

After Zhong Ni's death, the Six Classics were scattered but not solved. Cover its troubles, it does not blame its righteousness, and it is difficult to ask its law. The theory of husband's six classics is only close to human feelings and is passed down for a long time without being abolished. All the pedantry in the world is about it. Although its meaning is not as good as this, it will be strongly combined, so its theory is not clear.

Sage classics are only the combination of Li and Chunqiu, and they are illusory and untestable, but they are still inhuman. As for the "book", it was written in an instant, and the text of the Book of Changes was written for divination, so there is also a saying that "it is impossible to decide when it will happen", which is not as rigorous as the Spring and Autumn Annals. However, the author of the poem is a human being, and both husband and wife are also responsible for the actions of humble officials. Everyone in the world learns from their own poverty and hardships, but tells themselves that they are rich and grand, from the monarch and his son, the rise and fall of the world, the responsibility of every man, to eating and sleeping with cordyceps sinensis, etc., everything is all-encompassing, so why bother asking for it? This is enough to see that his ambition is not wrong. The sage thinks that he will eventually enter benevolence and righteousness, and he does not blame him for not saying anything, because his meaning is considerable and his words are reasonable. ?

? Today's Biography of Poetry says that "thunder is in the sun of the South Mountain", "from the north gate, I am full of worries", "white stone chisels", "green is at the end, it is not beneficial" and "looking at the other side and maintaining water", which is really the case and everyone is happy. As for "Guan Guan's dove is in the river continent", "There are Ji Ji trees in the south, and Gree is tired all my life", "There are trees in the south, so you can't rest", "Wei Que has a nest, Wei dove lives in it" and "mowing the grass", those who are interested, such as worldly affairs, can see their own affairs. Therefore, if poetry is written for this matter, and its words are related to things, it will be forcibly described as things to meet its needs, and it is already very tired to hide it for learning. ?

Besides, he didn't know that Fu's poetic style was comparable, but they all enjoyed it. What the husband says is what he says. It means touched at that time, time has passed and is unknown, so its kind can be inferred and cannot be explained. "Yin, in Shannan", this is not to take anything from Lei, but to cover up what he saw at that time, so that people behind him can't get what he said, which is why he is happy. My husband, a man on earth, wants to read poetry, and he must be a prophet and prosperous. If the husband "closes the dove in the river", he will take it from loyalty without being different, which is sincerity, and he will say it without being happy. ?

My husband, a man in this world, must tell him that this is unparalleled if he wants to read poetry. There is no powerful way to say it, which can suit his times. Then, the meaning of "poem" is easy to understand without any effort. ?

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On poetry

Since the death of Confucius, the theory of Six Classics has been scattered and cannot be fully understood. The reason for this is that the meaning of the Six Classics is too deep, and the method of exploring the Six Classics is too urgent. In fact, the truth of the Six Classics is the closest to human feelings, so it has been circulated for a long time. Nowadays, many pedantic theories misinterpret the remarks after the Six Classics. Although the meaning of the article can't reach the content of the Six Classics, it is far-fetched to explain the Six Classics, so their remarks are obscure and tortuous, which makes no sense.

? At that time, Confucius annotated the six classics, and only Li and Chunqiu were consistent. Since then, nothing in the book is false, nothing is without textual research, but it has never been unreasonable. The book was written on the spur of the moment, and the articles in the Book of Changes were written only for divination, so many statements can't be used as conclusions. This statement comes from the fact that the writing norms are not as rigorous as Spring and Autumn Annals, not to mention the book Poetry, which is about all people in the world, including civilians, men and women, wandering ministers and low-level slaves. It can be seen that people in the world will feel sad because of poverty and hardship, and will also describe the joy brought by his happy and rich life. In a big way, it can involve the relationship between monarch and subjects, the relationship between father and son, and the great deeds about the rise and fall of the country in the world. Small aspects can involve diet, bedding, insects, vegetation and other small things, so there is nothing in the book that can't be written. How can this regulate all kinds of things in the world with the limitations of legal rules? This is enough to show that there is nothing in this world that is not understood. Confucius thought that the essence and main points of the book "Poetry" were in line with benevolence and righteousness, so he didn't blame any words in the book for being inappropriate. This is because the meaning of poetry can be appreciated and the language of poetry can be communicated.

? Today's Biography of Poems says: "It's shocking to hear cars stumbling on the sunny slope of Nanshan", "It's boring and miserable to go out of the city from the north gate", "The river is bubbling and the smooth rocks are stirred", "I haven't picked one for a day" and "I look at the water before me, and the water is flowing." Sentences like this, this is the beginning of the poem. There are also "Guan Guan and Ming pheasant doves inhabit small and medium-sized rivers", "There are many lush trees in southern China, including drooping branches, which grow and spread happily on them", "The trees in Nanshan are big and tall, so they can't rest in the shade", "Magpies build nests and turtledoves come to inhabit them", and so on. Whenever the content of poetry uses the metaphor of rising, it is certain that this phenomenon is related to everything in the world, which can naturally prove this truth. Therefore, whenever the content of poetry is written for this phenomenon, and its language can be linked to specific materials, it must be a dense description of this object in order to pursue what can be expressed. Therefore, it is very difficult to study poetry as knowledge.

People don't know that there is a rhetorical way of comparing xing in the content genre of poetry, which many people think is xing. Any popular language can also explain the meaning to be expressed. The meaning of this language will certainly touch the reader's feelings at that time, just because we have not understood it for a long time. The same situation can be inferred, but it cannot be explained in words. "It's cloudy in the south of the mountain", which doesn't mean to describe thunder. I must have been moved by seeing the scene at that time, so later generations can't get such an explanation, which is why we should use the rhetoric method of xing. Ah, all people in the world, if they want to understand the book "Poetry", they must first understand these two rhetorical methods. Just like the phrase "the pigeons are on a river", it is really because the love between men and women of the dove bird is deep but can keep a certain distance, so it should be called comparison rather than prosperity.

Ah, everyone in the world, if you want to understand poetry, you must first know that Xing and Bi are different, and there is no very strict explanation. You should judge them according to the situation when writing. Then the meaning of reading poetry is almost a good understanding of its meaning, so you don't have to work hard to interpret it.

After reading the poem:

Kong Sheng's poems are annotated into six classics, but they contain benevolence, righteousness, honesty and shame.

If it is extremely popular, how can you remember Du's history?