The story of three generations of Li Guang! How do the world evaluate them?

Have time to read Historical Records and Biography of Li.

Li Guang:

Li Guang (about BC 18 1- BC 1 19) was born in Ji Cheng (now Weidong, Gansu). Li Guang is a descendant of Li Xin, a general of the Qin Dynasty, and has been taught by his father and son for generations. In BC 166, "Liang Jia joined the army to attack Hu". Because of his heroic and meritorious service against Xiongnu, he was appointed as a military rider by Emperor Wendi of Han Dynasty. Jingdi, together with Zhou Yafu, made great achievements in quelling the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, and served as prefects of Shang Jun, Longxi, Beidi, Yanmen, Dai Jun and Yunzhong. In the large-scale anti-Xiongnu war organized by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he begged white-haired people to kill the enemy and serve the country. From the beginning, more than 70 wars with Xiongnu were fought in the name of happeneth, and Xiongnu called him "the flying general of Han Dynasty". Li Guang's life, "Lu is not as good as a unique skill, and the official is not as good as Jiuqing", and finally he went to war at the age of 62. He was sentenced to "getting lost and being late" and drew a knife on himself. This old general who was brave all his life was widely praised, sympathized and missed by later generations.

The doors are showing their sharpness.

Li Guang was a general of Qin State during the Warring States Period, and his ancestor Li Xin.

Jing Ke was appointed by Yan Taizi Dan to assassinate the King of Qin. Determined to avenge Taizi Dan, the King of Qin sent general Li Xin to attack the State of Yan and pursue the Prince and his son. After Li Xin's army attacked the city and occupied the first mountain, he sent a letter to the prince of Li Xin, who was both happy and afraid. He pretended to ask Taizi Dan to discuss and killed him with wine. The prince sent Taizi Dan's head to the army to apologize with a book. Li Xinchi plays the king of Qin. This happened about 40 years before Li Guang was born.

Li Guang, a famous family, has taught archery for generations. Li Guang's hands are longer than the average person. Like a gibbon, he has a natural advantage in bow and arrow. The lawn behind his house is a training ground. Li Guang was very careful since he was a child, and his father specially made a pair of small bows and arrows for him. Li Guang had a keen interest in archery since he was a child, and his skills were superb. I like gambling and shooting all my life. It is to draw many straight lines with different widths on the ground and shoot arrows from a height into the line spacing. If the arrow can stand upright in a narrow line in an instant, it is victory; if it hits a wide distance, or if the shaft cannot stand upright on the ground, it is failure. The loser will be fined, and Li Guang is naturally the big winner.

As early as the age of 14 or 15, Li Guang had already practiced archery. His father systematically taught him the art of war. Li Guang fell in love with Sun Tzu's Art of War again and studied tirelessly. In BC 166, the Huns invaded the Han Dynasty on a large scale, killed the upper reaches of the water mirror, and defeated the Han army in Chaonan and Xiaoguan (now Ningxia and Gansu) not far from Chang 'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty. Emperor Wen of Han urgently mobilized the national military forces, mobilized thousands of chariots, and assembled 654.38+ 10,000 troops to the front to defend the capital. Emperor Wen is also prepared to use personal expedition to the front to direct the war. Because his mother, the empress dowager, stopped him, he appointed a general to fight.

The Huns invaded this time, and everywhere they went, they burned, killed and looted. The smoke of war has reached Li Guang's hometown. When he saw Emperor Wen's imperial edict of recruiting soldiers, his blood boiled and he resolutely signed up to join the army to defend his country.

After joining the army, Li Guang was brave and tenacious in the battle. On one occasion, the Xiongnu brigade attacked the position of the Han army, and Li Guang, a young recruit, lay in ambush ahead. As the enemy approached, Li Guang fired several arrows, killing the Xiongnu commander and the responsible enemy soldiers. The momentum of the Xiongnu army was immediately dampened, and the Han army launched a counterattack, which plunged the Xiongnu army into chaos and won the battle.

A general who was involved in commanding this campaign returned to Chang 'an, and when he reported the situation to Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, he was full of praise for Li Guang. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty heard that he was a descendant of a famous soldier and was good at archery. He fell in love with him at once, so he called him to Chang 'an and promoted him to be the assistant general in the palace. Li Guang became the emperor's bodyguard at a young age. It's glorious and lucky, but Li Guang's heart is on the battlefield. He was oppressed by the imperial court all day, and only when he was hunting with the emperor did he feel excited and comfortable.

Li Guang went hunting in Chang 'an suburbs with Emperor Wendi many times. Once, Emperor Wendi was riding after a hare when suddenly a leopard jumped out of the jungle and pounced on him fiercely. Wendi was scared out of her wits, and the horse jumped up and down, and Wendi almost fell off his horse. At this time, the squire warrior who was dozens of steps away from the emperor also panicked and didn't know how to save him. At this time, Li Guang is the only one who has something to say. He shouted: "Emperor, don't panic, look at me!" " Just at that moment, Li Guang bent his bow and took an arrow, which hit the leopard in the chest. The wounded beast seemed more fierce and angry, and rushed at Li Guang. He dismounted and ran ahead. Li Guang jumped, the leopard closed on empty air. Li Guang turned and grabbed the leopard's skull skin, waving an iron fist, and in a short time, the leopard vomited blood and fell to the ground.

Emperor Wendi was saved by all the warriors. At the beginning of the shock, he was stunned by the scene of Li Guang hitting a leopard. I only heard him praise again and again: "Li Guang is a strange man and a warrior!" From then on, I trusted and valued Li Guang more. I once said to Li Guang with infinite emotion, "It's a pity that you were born at a bad time. If you were born in an era when Emperor Gao (Liu Bang) was fighting for the world, how could you get a reward from Wan Huhou? "

There is no reward for quelling civil strife.

After Liu Bang seized the world, he destroyed the king with a different surname and made the son with the same surname king. I want to maintain the long-term stability of Liu regime through blood relationship. But later, the development of Liu Fanwang backfired, which greatly threatened the consolidation of the central government. In the early years of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, with the implementation of the policy of "sharing interest with the people", most of the benefits of the central government to reduce the burden on farmers were taken away by the prisoners. Their wealth increased, their power became stronger, and they gradually became independent and competed with the court.

In order to maintain unified centralization, Han Jing adopted the strategy of "dividing the vassal state" put forward by Chao Cuo, and began to divide part of the territory of the vassal state and cut part of its power. This caused great dissatisfaction and even resistance from the captaincy.

It was Liu Bang's nephew, Liu Bi, who led the rebels to "cut the Sect". When Liu Bang first named him King of Wu, he patted him on the shoulder and told him, "The world has the same surname, so you can't rebel!" Liu Ying kowtowed and thanked him. He was too scared to speak, but promised to say "no". But Liu Bi is not what he used to be. He has privilege, power, army and influence. He joined forces with the six captaincy countries and, under the banner of "punishing the Qing Dynasty with Chao Cuo", launched the "Seven Kingdoms Rebellion" in the first month of the third year of Emperor Han Jing (154 BC).

The rebels sent troops north and soon occupied half of the country. Han Jing was shocked. He didn't expect his opponent to be so fierce. He regretted his plan to separate the vassals, so he accepted the conditions of Liu Bi and others, and killed Chao Cuo, who was loyal to his country, and restored the vassal's territory.

However, the Seven-Power Allied Forces did not stop their military operations. Without any cover-up, Liu Bi simply declared "I want to be emperor myself" and stripped off any disguise.

Jingdi Liu Qi sincerely repented. Wu Li is determined to fight back against the seven-nation riots. He wisely chose Zhou Yafu, the son of Zhou Bo, a famous soldier in the early Han Dynasty, as the commander in chief, and led 36 generals to face Wu Chu who was advancing eastward.

At this moment, Chian was appointed as the captain of Xiao Qi and went out with Zhou Yafu. Zhou Yafu put forward the operational policy of using Liang Jun to contain the main force of the rebels, consume the enemy, and use Qingqi to detour behind enemy lines and attack their transportation lines. After the rebels turned from strong to weak, they fought a decisive battle with them After this policy was approved by Emperor Jingdi, the army set out from Chang 'an, but did not take the right path from Tongguan to Dice Mountain. Instead, they secretly took Lantian out of Wuguan and marched all the way, and the troops soon arrived in Luoyang, the front line. The rebels thought that Zhou Yafu had fallen from the sky.

After arriving in Luoyang, Zhou Yafu led the troops eastward to defend Changyi (now northwest of Jinxiang, Shandong Province) and fight against the rebels. The two sides fought fiercely in Changyi. Li Guang played beautifully in this battle, winning Wu Qi in one fell swoop, overwhelming the momentum of the rebels and making great contributions to the whole campaign. Zhou Yafu moved his main force to Xiayi (now Dangshan, Anhui), and continued to take measures to consume the enemy and fight against the rebels for providing foodstuff. Wu Jun was exhausted from hunger, and Zhou Yafu chased him. The rebels are in a dilemma, their morale is shaken and they are on the verge of collapse. Liu Wu, the king of Chu, committed suicide, and the king of Wu fled and was later killed. Other prisoners committed suicide or were killed, and the menacing chaos in the Seven Kingdoms was completely quelled in only two months. After the army transferred its troops back to North Korea, they were rewarded according to their merits. In the melee, Li Guang risked his life and made meritorious military service, which should have been rewarded. However, he was not only rewarded, but also investigated and reviewed.

It turned out that one of the main battlefields of this counterinsurgency war was Suiyang (now Shangqiu, Henan), the capital of Liang State. Liang's army cooperated with the Central Army led by Zhou Yafu. Liang Wang saw that Li Guang was brave and good at fighting, and his martial arts were high. He is a rare general and suddenly falls in love. He is always in the palace with his mother, Dou Taihou, and Jingdi is his brother, doing whatever he wants. In this counter-insurgency, he made Li Guang a general in the name of Liang Wang and awarded general print. Li Guang is very helpless, knowing that he can't accept it, but also knowing that he can't refuse it. After returning to Chang 'an, Li Guang was prosecuted for "accepting Liang Yin privately". Because of his military achievements, he will not be rewarded or punished.

The flying general in Longcheng is very famous.

After the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion was pacified, Li Guang was appointed Governor of Shanggu.

Shangqiu county is in the middle and northwest of Hebei province today. This area is the intersection of the Yanshan Mountains and the Great Wall, and it is the place where the Huns invaded most frequently. The imperial court once sent Xie Kun, a state foreign affairs official, to Shanggu County to inspect the war. He is very satisfied with Li Guang's work, but he is also deeply worried about his safety. When he returned to the imperial court to report to Jingdi, he said with tears, "Li Guang is really an unparalleled general. He fought the Huns almost every day. This man is extremely brave in fighting with his own martial arts. But I'm really worried that such a rare general will die in an unexpected defeat. It would be a pity to lose him! "

Due to the need of the northern border war, Li Guang has been stationed in the front. Shang Jun, Longxi, Beidi, Yanmen, Dai Jun, Yun Yun and other county magistrate. These places are frequented by tarquin people and plundered by bandits. However, it is very calm because Li Guangshan is guarding the area.

In the sixth year of Jinghe (BC 144), the Huns invaded and attacked Shang Jun (now Wuding River Basin and Otog Banner in Inner Mongolia), and the Han army was killed by more than 2,000 people. Jingdi sent his favorite eunuch to the front to express condolences to Shang Jun county magistrate Li Guang and all the officers and men.

On one occasion, Li Guang went out to fight. The eunuch also led dozens of cavalry out of the barracks on a whim. Seeing that there was no movement on the vast grassland, he galloped on his horse. Unexpectedly, three Huns met them. The two sides immediately entered a state of combat, and the Huns were good at archery. Most of the Han soldiers were shot dead and wounded, and the eunuchs who led the troops were also injured. Under the escort of soldiers, they fled in panic. When they fled back to the camp of the Han army, they told Li Guang about the battle. Li Guang said, "You have seen Xiongnu shooting sculptures." In order to avenge them, Li Guang ordered hundreds of soldiers to ride the Han army out of the camp. Chasing three Huns. After catching up, Li Guang ordered the soldiers to spread out from left to right, and confronted the Huns personally. In a short time, he shot twice and captured 1 alive. The soldiers tied the prisoners alive, tied them to horses and took them back to the camp.

Chian and his party didn't go far before they met thousands of people from tarquin. Xiongnu thought this unit was a cavalry unit to lure them into an ambush. So I didn't dare to chase, but quickly climbed a hill, set my position, and started to act with my camera.

When the soldiers in Li Guang saw that the dark enemy occupied favorable terrain, they knew that they were outnumbered and were very afraid. They all want to fly back to the camp and get out of danger. Li Guang said: "We have left the barracks for dozens of miles. Now, if we run away from the enemy, the Huns will catch up and we will be wiped out immediately. However, if we don't leave, the Huns will think that we are lured by the ambush army, so they dare not attack us. "

Li Guang is bold and cautious, intelligent and brave, and enjoys high prestige among soldiers. The soldiers were convinced by his analysis, and no one wanted to run for his life. They all listened to Li Guang calmly. Li Guang said flatly, "Keep walking!" Only two miles away from the enemy of the brigade, the Han soldiers stopped moving forward. Li Guang gave the order again: "Dismount and unload the saddle!" The soldiers are anxious again: in case the enemy comes, don't we have to wait for death? Li Guang patiently said to the soldiers, "There are many Xiongnu soldiers, and the distance is close. If there is an emergency, it's no use not dismounting. Now let's untie the saddle and let go to show that we don't want to go. If we don't want to go, we will confuse the Huns and arouse Hu Qi's suspicion, so that we can avoid being attacked. " The soldiers never doubted his command, but after listening to his words, they all had confidence, and all the soldiers riding around were resting casually.

The Xiongnu generals were puzzled by the leisurely appearance of the Han soldiers, so they sent an officer on a white horse with a small group of Xiongnu soldiers to scout where the Han soldiers settled. Li Guang found the enemy close to them, so he took 10 soldiers to fight. Li Guangyi hit the "White Horse General" with an arrow, which scared the rest of the Xiongnu soldiers to turn around and flee, and the Han soldiers did not pursue it again. The Xiongnu generals learned that the Han soldiers were not fighting illegally, and thought that the lure was not far from the army and did not dare to make a move.

It was not until the evening that the Xiongnu generals ordered the retreat back to the camp. Seeing that the enemy had gone far, the Han soldiers quietly prepared their horses, and Li Guang led his troops back to camp safely. With his wisdom and courage, Li Guang spent a day dealing with enemies dozens of times his own. In this psychological war, Li Guang's trick to confuse the enemy made the Huns confused and suspicious, and finally dared not go to war with the Han army. When Li Guang was in extreme danger, he put on an "empty plan" to contain the enemy and save himself. It was really a general's demeanor.

Li Guang is brave and good at melee. Whenever he meets the enemy, he likes to attack at close range to bravely defeat the enemy. He will never shoot arrows indiscriminately, unless he is fighting the enemy within dozens of steps. If you don't shoot, you will hit the target, and the arrow will not be wasted. Wherever he went, the Huns were frightened, and Li Guang was famous.

After the death of Emperor Han Jing, Emperor Wu ascended the throne. Li Guang was recommended to him by all officials of the imperial court, hoping that the emperor would reuse him.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty transferred Li Guang from the border to Beijing. Appointed Weiyang Palace as Wei Wei. Cheng Wu, who was appointed at the same time as Li Guang, is also a border guard. He was appointed as the guard of Changle Palace.

The two officers of the Guards have different styles of leading troops. Cheng didn't know that the troops were arranged according to certain regulations, and every military attache carefully registered records, and there were a large number of documents and statements. The troops are strictly constrained and the military discipline is severe, so officers and men dare not slack off. . Li Guang, on the other hand, paid little attention to the neatness of the queue, camped in lush land and lived as he pleased, and the list of official documents of the shogunate was also simplified. Even at night, we don't beat Diao Dou (copper pot, which is used for cooking during the day and knocking on it for patrol at night), but only send sentries to patrol from a distance to monitor the enemy's situation and let the soldiers have a full rest. In this way, the enemy can do nothing.

General Cheng and Li Er were both the prefects of the border counties when Jingdi unified the army. But the people who joined the army at that time were all willing to join Li Guang's army, all willing to work for him, and all distressed that they didn't know Cheng's men. As for the Huns, Li Guang and Cheng were ignorant, but they were more afraid of Li Guang's bravery and stratagem. In BC 128, 20,000 tarkan invaded the border of the Han Dynasty and killed the prefect in western Liaoning (located in Yixian County, Liaoning Province, northeast of Hebei Province, Zhaowudamang, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, western Liaoning). Attacking Yuyang and Yanmen to the west, killing more than 3,000 soldiers and civilians, defeating Han Anguo, a general of the Han Dynasty, and capturing a large number of border people and livestock products. At this time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty appointed Li Guang as the right magistrate of Beiping (now east of Jixian County, Hebei Province and north of Jehol).

After Li Guang moved to Beiping, the Huns were much more restrained. Because they know what Li Guang can do, they especially admire the speed of Li Guang's invasion. Li Guang never pesters harassing enemies slowly, but often takes them by surprise, leaving them in a helpless position. Huns all called Li Guang "the flying general of the Han Dynasty".

During his visit to Peiping, Li Guang kept the border quiet, and he was also very idle, and often went out hunting. Once, when he came back from hunting at night, he saw a tiger crouching on the ground in the grass and glaring at him. He immediately bent his bow and shot at the tiger, and an arrow hit him. The waiter ran over and saw that it was a big stone. The next morning, I found that the arrow went deep into the stone because of excessive force, and Badou couldn't pull it out. Lu Lun, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once praised this story with a poem: The forest was dark, the wind was blowing, and the general bowed his bow that night. Dawn went to look for the arrow, which had gone deep into the edge of the stone.

Li Guang really shot a colorful tiger in right Beiping. He hit the tiger without taking dozens of steps. He guessed that if he missed it, he would not send it. If he shoots an arrow, the tiger will retreat. On one occasion, although the tiger was shot down, it did not die. It came back and scratched Li Guang. Although Li Guang was not afraid of being hurt, he pulled himself out and shot the tiger to death.

Li Guang's adventure of shooting tigers was famous at that time. How can Huns not be afraid of this general from?

In the end, I won't be blocked or angry.

In the second year of Yuanguang (133 BC), the anti-Xiongnu war led by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began for 14 years.

The "linen plan" kicked off the war.

After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he decided to give up a series of policies to enslave the Huns in order to wash away the humiliation of the Huns in the early Han Dynasty and completely defeat their plunder. Wang Hui, a hawk official, went to Liang Wudi to lure the enemy.

Ant, now in Shuoxian County, Shanxi Province, was then a border town of the Han Dynasty and belonged to Yanmen County. Nie Yi, a rich man in Mayi, is a friend of Wang Hui and a big businessman who often goes to Xiongnu to do business.

For the benefit of the country, he is prepared to take risks to be the "inside man" of the Huns, lure the Huns to capture Mayi and take the opportunity to destroy the effective strength of the Huns. Emperor Wu followed his plan. In June of the second year of Yuanguang (BC 133), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Wang Hui as a general to ambush 300,000 troops in the valley outside Mayi. Li Guang was called up to fight as a general on a small mount.

Nie Yi pretended to flee to Xiongnu and said to Shan Yu, "We killed Mayi county magistrate and county magistrate. If your majesty suddenly sends his troops and cooperates internally and externally, Mayi will win in one fell swoop. " Khan believed it and led 654.38 million cavalry south. He saw two heads hanging on the rostrum and thought that the county magistrate and county cheng had been killed. But along the way, I saw flocks of cattle and sheep, but no one was eating grass. He became suspicious of this abnormal silence, so he attacked the next Han army station and captured an officer alive. Faced with the threat of the Huns, the officer revealed all the military secrets of the Han Dynasty in order to avoid death. Khan was glad that he was blessed; Make the Han Palace the King of Heaven, so hurry back. The Han army ambushed in the valley was ordered to pursue quickly, but it was too late. This military action is in vain. Emperor Wu killed Wang Hui to thank the world. This is the famous Mayi plot in history.

After the linen plot, the relationship between the Han Dynasty and Xiongnu broke completely, and only the soldiers met each other.

Four years later, after full preparation, Liang Wudi sent four armies to attack the Huns.

Wei Qing went to Shanggu (now Huailai, Hebei Province) as a general rider; Li Guang went out of Yanmen with General Xiaoqi (Guan Ming, in the northwest of Daixian County in Shanxi Province today); Riding general Gongsun Ao (Yuxian County, Hebei Province); General GongSunHe arrived from the cloud without pomp (Suiyuan Tuoketuo), and the cavalry 1000 attacked the Huns.

Wei Qing lived up to Emperor Wu's favor and went directly to Liuzhou, where the Xiongnu sacrificed to heaven, expelling the Xiongnu from the Hetao area, and won a great victory. Emperor Wu was very happy, and made Wei Qing the Hou of Shanhaiguan Pass. Li Guang is out of luck. Because of his great reputation, the Huns were afraid of him, so they laid a heavy ambush. Although Li Guangjun was brave and good at fighting, he was finally destroyed by Xiongnu because he was outnumbered. Khan, the military minister of Xiongnu, always admired Li Guang's character and courage, so he wanted to accept him. He ordered all the ministers to take Li Guang alive and not to hurt him. Li Guang was captured by Xiongnu because of illness and injury.

After the Huns captured Li Guang, they put him in a net (like a hammock) woven with rope between two horses. Several Xiongnu soldiers were very happy, because Li Guang was escorted to Khan's tent and got a considerable reward. Li Guang did break through because of the fight, and was seriously injured, showing the appearance of dying.

Although Li Guang is behind enemy lines, his mind is still clear. He was lying on the internet, keeping a close eye on everything around him. Think about the way out. About 10 miles away, he found a heavily armed Hun riding a tall horse passing by him. With magical explosive power, he jumped into the air, jumped on horseback accurately, quickly grabbed the bow and arrow, then pushed the Xiongnu off the horse, whipped his horse and flew south. The Xiongnu soldiers who escorted him were stunned by this amazing scene for a while. When their nerves react, they will shout and shoot arrows. Li Guang was wounded all over, but his riding and shooting skills were unambiguous. He shot down the Xiongnu soldiers who were chasing in front with one arrow. He shot several arrows, hit several people, stopped the Xiongnu soldiers and threw them away at a distance. In this way, Li Guang escaped from the gate of hell and entered the gate of death. After returning to the imperial court, Emperor Wu ordered him to be handed over to the magistrate for interrogation. According to the law at that time, Li Guang suffered heavy losses and was captured, so he should be put to death by beheading. However, it is stipulated that as long as he pays a certain amount of ransom, he can be exempted from execution. Li Guang survived, but was stripped of his rank and reduced to a civilian.

Soon, the demoted war star began to lead an idle life. He had a deep friendship with Guan Qiang, the grandson of Guan Ying, a hero in the early Han Dynasty. They lived in seclusion together in Lantian (now Lantian County, Shaanxi Province) and went to Zhong Nanshan. There, I sent my love to mountains and rivers, drank poison to quench my thirst and chatted for a living. Once, he hunted in the mountains until late, and had a few more drinks at home one day. When we arrived at Baling (the name of Han County, in Chang 'an East, Shaanxi Province, where the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty is located), it was already evening, and the pavilion director was not allowed to pass. The attendants said to Ting Wei, "This is General Li of that year. Please let us through! " The director of the pavilion also drank a little wine and drunkenly scolded: "I am not allowed to pass by at night, let alone the past generals!" " Li Guang was helpless and had to stay up all night at Baling Station.

After a while, Shi Jian, the doctor in charge of the palace gate, died. The emperor called Li Guang to succeed him.

In BC120th, Emperor Wu sent Li Guang and 4000 cavalry to attack Xiongnu in Beiping. At the same time, King Pope led 65,438+00,000 cavalry to fight against Houjin. Supposedly, Zhang Qian has just returned from his mission to the Western Regions and is familiar with the terrain. This time, Li Guangying should have no problem. Unexpectedly, Zhang Qian took a fork in the road and lost contact with Li Guang. Li Guang was alone, surrounded by Xiongnu left 40,000 cavalry. The officers and men panicked. In order to eliminate the fear of soldiers, Li Guang sent his son Li Gan to lead several elite cavalry to attack the encirclement of Xiongnu, and then returned to this array to report to Li Guang: "Xiongnu soldiers have no fighting capacity and are easy to deal with." Li Guang used this plan to eliminate the soldiers' panic and enhance their fighting spirit. Facing an enemy 10 times his own, Li Guang formed a circular array, and strengthened its defense against enemies outside the circle. The Huns did not dare to rush into the array, but tried their best to shoot arrows from all sides. The arrows rained down and the Han army suffered heavy losses. At the critical moment when the troops were killed more than half and the arrow was on the line, Li Guang showed no fear. He ordered the soldiers to draw and wind their bows and shoot an arrow in vain. Xiongnu lieutenant led the attack on the Han army circle, and Li Guang stepped forward. When the enemy entered his range, he repeatedly shot the Xiongnu generals and shooters with his own rhubarb crossbow. The enemy soldiers were defeated, and the defeat was like a mountain. The fighting continued until night arrival.

The next day, Li Guang prepared to fight to the death with the enemy and rushed out of the encirclement. At this time, Zhang Qian's reinforcements arrived here. The Han army was attacked inside and outside, and the Huns were caught between Scylla and Charybdis. They dared not fight any more and left. The Han army was weakened and unable to pursue the Huns, so they went home.

In this battle, Zhang Qian failed to reach the designated place as scheduled, delaying the military aircraft. According to military law, he should be put to death. He redeemed himself with money and was banished to Shu Ren. Li Guang commanded well, although he made meritorious service, but the loss was too heavy, and his merits and demerits were quite equal, so he was not rewarded.

In the war against Xiongnu for more than ten years since the Mayi Plan, the generals were rewarded by the Marquis for beheading and capturing the enemy to meet the requirements of the Marquis. Li Guang has always been forbidden to seal Hou.

Li Guang's cousin Cai Li worked with Li Guang when he was Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, and Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty was just an official with a salary of 2,000 stone. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, General Wei Qing, a general with no ordinary brand, followed him to attack Xiongnu's right Wang Xian. After a war, he was named after Le 'an for his merits. In the second year of Yuanshou (BC 12 1), after the death of GongSunHong, Cai Li became prime minister.

Li Guang's reputation far exceeds that of Cai Li. He participated in many wars. He fought very hard in every war, but he didn't get a title and a fief. His official position has been among the nine big noble for a long time, below the three fairs and the marquis.

Li Guangshen felt aggrieved. He often talks privately with Wang Shuo, who is famous for divination in the army. He said, "Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty attacked the Huns, which time have I not participated in Li Guang? Captain-level officers in various units are not as competent as middle-level officers, and there are dozens of titles. Am I not a backward person in Li Guang? Why don't I even have the strength of size? What is the reason? " Wang Shuo asked: "General, please review, have you done anything in your life that you regret?" Li Guang said, "When I was a prefect in Longxi, the Qiang people rebelled. I was lured to surrender and promised not to kill them after surrender. But after more than 800 people surrendered, they were all killed that day. I feel guilty about such a thing. " Wang Shuo said: "There is no greater crime than killing and surrendering. You deserve it, so you can't be sealed up to this day. "

Wang Shuo's explanation is a superstition of karma. In ancient times, many people believed in this. Wang Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in his poems: "The victory of General Wei Qing is only an accident, and the failure of General Li Guang is his fate, not his fault." He also said that Li Guang was unlucky.

Anger and sadness lead to self-pity.

In the fourth year of Yuanshou (1 19 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty launched a large-scale military attack again, preparing to completely defeat the Huns.

He ordered Wei Qing to leave Dingxiang, and Huo Qubing to leave Dai Jun to fight Mobei. Li Guang is not among the generals. But he was full of courage and volunteered to fight. Seeing that he was old, Emperor Wu refused to answer at first, but Li Guang pleaded repeatedly and reluctantly agreed. Send him as a former general, under the jurisdiction of General Wei Qing.

On the eve of his graduation, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty said to Wei Qing, "Li Guang is old and strange, so don't be a Khan.". That is to say, Li Guang should not be allowed to play a major role in the battle against Xiongnu. At the end of the frontier fortress, Wei Qing decided to divide the troops into two ways, attack the main force in the front, let Li Guang and the right general Zhao Dangdong Road Army eat, and make a detour to attack the Huns on both sides with him. Li Guang knew that the East Road was circuitous, and it was a long way. There was little grass and more grass along the way, so it was difficult for the troops to feed the horses and rally for action. Li Guang asked Wei Qing, "I have been fighting the Huns since I was twenty years old. Hoping to fight the Huns Khan. Today, I am a former general and I am willing to be a pioneer and fight Khan. "

Wei Qing secretly got a warning from the emperor before he went to war. The emperor thought that he was a backward person, and I'm afraid God wouldn't let him get his wish. It's hard to predict whether he can win as a pioneer. Besides, his savior, Gongsun Ao, was also in the army. Gongsun Ao has been following Wei Qing to attack the Huns three times and cooperated well. Wei Qing invited him to do business, and he was once named riding Hou. Later, he attacked the Huns with Huo Qubing, but he didn't meet the commander-in-chief as ordered because of his slow action. According to the military beheaded, redeemed for Shu Ren, beheaded. Wei Qing decided to leave his good friend Gongsun Aoligong with him and let him play Khan, so as to make contributions.

Former general Li Guang belongs to the vanguard, but he is not allowed to attack. He was very angry, but the military orders could not be violated, so he had to pretend to be the main attack of the East Route Army. Troops marching, because there is no guide, sometimes it is inevitable to get lost. When they meet, they fall behind the general, fail to cooperate with Wei Qing in Xiongnu according to the battle plan, and lose their fighters. But Wei Qing played well by himself, won a great victory and returned home in triumph.

On his way back to North Korea, Wei Qing held Li Guang and Zhao accountable. Ordered his long history (secretary-general) to investigate the reasons and circumstances of their getting lost and being late, and to investigate their marching documents and records. After the investigation is clear, prepare to report to the emperor and punish them.

Li Guang said to Chang Shi, "None of my captains are at fault. It's all my responsibility to get lost and be late. When I go back, I will personally go to your military department for interrogation. " When Li Guang returned to the shogunate, he said to his men, "I have been fighting the Huns since I was 20 years old, and I have experienced more than 70 battles. This time, I was lucky enough to go to Khan with the general. The general made me detour and lost my way in marching. Isn't this providence? I am over 60 years old now, and I can't go to court with those knife and pencil collectors! " Then he killed himself with a knife.

After Li Guang's death, all the troops cried, the people heard it, and all the people, old and young, cried for it. Deplore this brave warrior, a soldier like a son, a respectable and lovely general.

Li Guang's "family has no money to spare, and never talks about family affairs". An official earns 2000 stone a year, and it takes 40 years to die. He lived a clean life, and when he got the reward, he gave it to his subordinates. "Dieters * * *", marching for food and water, "When you see water, the soldiers can't drink enough and can't get close to water; The foot soldiers don't eat, and they don't eat. " Li Guang, who speaks slowly, is not good at words, but he can win the support of soldiers. As Sima Qian said: "Sichuan and Vietnam: its body is right; Do it without orders; His body is not straight, although he disobeys. Its general Li is also called! "

But Li said, "I heard about the battle in the desert today, and it's an ancient general!"

Li Guang, a flying general, heard about the drums, thought of him and was praised by later generations.