Etiquette and common sayings in Yueqing

Chinese new year customs in various places

Jiangsu Province

Wudi Spring Festival Fashion

Apart from putting up peach charms, mending doors and Spring Festival couplets, Wuxi also hangs Zhong Kui elephants in the New Year to avoid sneaking around for a year. Legend has it that Zhong Kui is good at catching ghosts. This custom probably began in the Tang Dynasty. Many folk families in Wuxi also have the custom of hanging red couplets with auspicious sentences on the lintel and paper-cut doormats. On the morning of New Year's Day, cakes and zongzi are popular in Wuxi, which means reunion and promotion. Besides, we should eat noodles, which means longevity and Changchun. Wuxi custom: When the children come in the New Year, the host will treat them with snacks and sweets. Children from relatives and friends who come to pay New Year's greetings will get lucky money. The new son-in-law goes to his mother-in-law's house to pay New Year's greetings, usually on the third day of the New Year's Eve. The third day is called Xiao Nian Chao. You can't sweep the floor, beg for fire or draw water, just like the custom on the first day of New Year's Day. There is another custom in Wuxi that is slightly different from other places, that is, the 60th, 70th and 80th birthdays are in the Spring Festival, not birthdays. On New Year's Day, many places have the custom of not sweeping the floor, and so does Wuxi. I think sweeping the floor should sweep away wealth. Even if you sweep the floor on the second day of the lunar new year, you can't dump the garbage outside the house, but pile it in the corner until the first day of the first month. This is called "gathering money". In the old dynasty, it was forbidden to beg for fire and water from others, to use knives and scissors, and to dump sewage and feces. You have to close the door two or three times to explode when you sleep in the New Year. I went to bed early that night in Wuxi. If children are too playful to sleep, parents often coax their children into saying, "Go to bed early and listen to the old bug tonight." Wuxi old customs attach great importance to the climate on New Year's Day, and often use this day's weather to predict the next year's harvest.

Wuxi new year

The Spring Festival is the most solemn traditional festival for Wuxi people.

It is an old custom in Wuxi to open the door on the morning of New Year's Day and explode after opening it three times. Eating shredded pork cake, jiaozi and noodles for breakfast means reunion, promotion, longevity and Changchun. On this day, we only eat leftovers on New Year's Eve, which means "more than enough". When eating, you can't cook soup and pour rice, and you can't eat porridge for fear of going out in the rain. We should also avoid asking for fire and water from our neighbors, warning against swearing, getting angry and saying unlucky things, and praying for peace and good luck all the year round.

During the Spring Festival, the younger generation pays New Year greetings to their elders first, and then visits relatives and friends. When relatives and friends meet for the first time, they will say something like "Congratulations on your happy wedding", "Congratulations on getting rich" and "Congratulations on getting rich" to congratulate each other. The new son-in-law pays a New Year call to his parents-in-law's house, usually on the third day of the Lunar New Year. Old people have been celebrating the Spring Festival every 10 years since they were 60 years old.

Shandong Province

Laoshan Spring Festival custom

During the Spring Festival, the villages and towns in Laoshan Village are full of excitement, such as yangko, dry boat, dragon lantern and stilt walking. Lantern Festival is a traditional festival in China. In the fishing village along the coast of Laoshan Mountain, firecrackers exploded, and fishermen, led by boatmen, sent lights to their fishing boats to wish them a bumper harvest in the new year.

From Tomb-Sweeping Day to Grain Rain in the lunar calendar, it is the time for Laoshan fishermen to sacrifice to the sea. When offering sacrifices to the sea, fishermen set up offerings such as pigs, chickens, fish, steamed bread and candy on the beach, lit incense sticks and firecrackers, and held a traditional ceremony of offering sacrifices to the sea. On the day of offering sacrifices to the sea, simple and generous fishermen warmly entertained relatives and friends who came to watch the sacrifices to the sea with good wine and good dishes, and everyone drank heartily together.

Confucius Day

There are some differences between Confucian festivals and folk festivals.

Laba Laba's activities are all around Laba porridge. There are many people cooking porridge, and the fire-burning households in the "households" come to light the fire on this day. Set up a big pot and cook porridge in many jars. There are two kinds of Laba porridge: one is thick, for the police to eat, and the porridge is enlarged with rice, sliced meat, cabbage, tofu and the like. When drinking porridge, one gives a catty of steamed bread; The other is skinny, which is made of Coicis Semen, longan, lotus seeds, lilies, chestnuts, red dates, red cowpeas, glutinous rice, etc. And the porridge noodles are filled with "porridge fruit" carved with hawthorn. This kind of porridge is for the inner room, for the family and for the world. There are many fragrant houses outside Confucius House, all of which send nuns to ask for porridge and "rice in a bowl" on Laba Day.

Near the 30th anniversary, the most lively scene of Confucius' busy year activity "Steaming Village" appeared, that is, steaming all kinds of steamed bread, jiaozi and cakes for the New Year. At this time, the "fire-burning households" came to light the fire and steam all kinds of steamed buns.

Package jiaozi on New Year's Eve. Lights are lit everywhere in the room, sandalwood powder is burned, carpets are laid, and colored sheds and ribbons are pulled in the yard. In the afternoon, go to the hall to salute, and after dinner, go to the ancestral temple to resign. Adults give their children "lucky money", which is packed in a red paper bag with the words "long life" and placed on their pillows. Everyone prepares a cloisonne box, which contains Ruyi rice noodles, little persimmon, oranges and other things.

On New Year's Eve, the Duke of Feast will personally go to Anhuai Hall to confess and worship the old fairy with white beard. It is said that all the elves and ghosts in Confucius' house belong to this white-bearded old fairy.

After midnight, all the people got up to worship God. Set up a mat in the courtyard of the front building. In all directions, east, west, south, north, northeast, southwest and northwest, there is a table on each side, and there is a tablet of God in the middle table. Next to the "Tiandi Building", a "sky pole" was erected and a "sky lantern" was lit, which lasted for half a month day and night.

Wake up on New Year's Day morning, don't talk first, touch the things in the box and the lucky money with your hands. After getting up, worship the temple, worship the ancestral temple, and accept the servant's New Year greetings. My family came to Confucius' house to pay a New Year call. In the afternoon, the lion dance performance of the local "Dragon Lantern Festival" was held in Confucius House, and the servants of Confucius House and "fireworks households" set off fireworks to celebrate the New Year.

Zhejiang Province

28 kinds of folk customs during the Spring Festival in Wenzhou

Setting off firecrackers: In the early morning of the first day of junior high school, the first thing for every household is to set off firecrackers. The whole city is full of firecrackers, which symbolizes the farewell of the old and the welcome of the new, commonly known as "welcome". It is also customary to play "opening the door". Generally, a string of small firecrackers is put first, which is called the "Hundred Zi Bao". Two firecrackers were set off again, and only three firecrackers were set off, indicating that the plague of one year can be lifted and the New Year is coming. It is required to ring three times, and the sound is loud and clear, which is the most auspicious. As the saying goes, the sooner you open the door, the better, which symbolizes that everything you do casually this year is smooth, the financial resources are abundant, and the farmers have a bumper harvest. In some places, as soon as the gun was fired, they muttered: "Open the door and fire; When wealth comes, so does happiness. "Generally firecrackers and Lippi's skin are red. After the discharge, the paper flowers are all over the ground, and the clouds are bright and dazzling, forming a house full of auspicious colors and beaming. Firecrackers have been banned in cities and towns, but they can still be set off in rural areas and fishing islands.

Worship the Six Gods: After opening the door, both men and women wear new clothes. Housewives burn Buddha tea and hold various sacrifices in Jiangxi porcelain bowls for the incense table. Nave hangs an ancestor statue, worshiping ancestors first, and then worshiping six gods (kitchen god, roof god, white tiger god, well god, land god and god of wealth). Folks believe that these six gods are the protectors of every family. They worship in the new year, mainly to pray for the safety of the population and the prosperity of family undertakings.

Visit the Three Gods: After worshipping the Six Gods, set up a small square table in the atrium, hold a bowl of rice, spread red paper on it, and stick glue around it. Put it on the table, burn incense and candles, and worship it devoutly. Known as the "meeting three gods" (that is, the Taoist Jade Qing, Qingqing and Taiqing), it was not until the fourth day of the first month that the gods were sent away from their seats.

Ancestor worship: In the old society, at noon on the first day of the first month, in Dongtou County, every family had to worship their ancestors. The ceremony was presided over by the housewife. First list the offerings, arrange the handlebars and chopsticks, and pour the yellow wine into the wine. A bench should be placed between the shrine and the altar, and then red candles should be lit to burn incense on the incense burners of all shrines, such as ancestors, san huang, land gods and kitchen gods. When the red candle burns to about three quarters or the incense will burn out, it will start to burn "golden paper" (a kind of paper money folded into ingots with gold foil, which is only effective after folk beliefs are recited) and set off firecrackers. Finally, take out the food. Move the chair to the front of the table before taking the food away. When offering sacrifices to ancestors, the gifts on the table are not allowed to move; All offerings that have been worshipped, except cakes and fruits, should be boiled or steamed before eating. Otherwise, it is considered disrespectful to God and ancestors.

Xiang: In the early morning of the first day of the first month, there is an old custom of "Xiang". Hundreds of civil and military officials in the city, wearing crowns on their heads, sounded gongs to clear the way, and went to various temples to burn incense, which was of great prestige. Every old man and his family bathed and changed clothes before dawn, rushed to the community temple or nearby temple, opened the door of the temple, burned incense and lit incense lamps. Some people even stay up on New Year's Eve and wait in temples. As soon as the sea passes, burn incense as a sign of piety. People think that the first person to light incense is the luckiest, so there is a custom of lighting the first pair of candles first. As the saying goes, "whoever opens the door first will definitely make a lot of money this year." Old people go to the temple to worship the temple gods, mainly to pray for good luck in the New Year and the safety of the whole family. However, due to the differences in class, industry, gender and age, people come to worship God in an endless stream, some seeking to make a fortune in business, some seeking a bumper harvest in agriculture, some seeking their children to continue their heirs, and so on. For larger temples, such as the King's Temple in Dong 'ou, worshippers should give red envelopes to the temples. If the prayer is effective, the rich will make a wish on the first day of each year with a big candle weighing 100 kilograms.

Ryan: In the past, in Dongtou Island, every household held a "Ryan" ceremony, which lasted from 30 nights to midnight. Presided over by the elders in the family or the person in charge of production and life in the family. The host should "clean up" (that is, abstain from color on New Year's Eve), bathe all over, and must not touch unclean things before "opening the light". The desk should be placed at the gate or in the courtyard, with two benches at the foot of the table to raise the desk. The offerings include three kinds of animals, fish, fruits, cakes and vegetarian noodles. And there are a pair of big red candles on both sides, commonly known as "all night". At the beginning of the ceremony, after the host lit the "all night" and burned incense, the whole family knelt down, put their hands together and prayed for God's blessing, wishing the whole family peace, wealth and all the best in the new year. After the prayer, the whole family stood quietly, waited for a while, then burned "golden paper" and set off firecrackers. Finally, withdraw. Since the 1980s, the opening hours have been advanced to midnight, with the New Year bell of CCTV ringing. The ceremony is also much simpler, and some are just firecrackers and fireworks. However, more firecrackers were set off, especially the "Baizibao", and even thousands of firecrackers were strung together, which was loud, long and extremely lively.

Tea worship: On the morning of the first day of the first month, there is another custom called tea worship on Dongtou Island. Sacrificial tea refers to "jujube tea" made of red dates, longan and rice cakes. Take its auspicious meaning: red dates-the days are getting more and more prosperous, longan-family reunion, safe and smooth, rice cakes-step by step. The "tea sacrifice" is divided into two parts: one is to worship the ancestors and hold a small bowl for the kitchen god; The second is to worship the kitchen god. Everyone should burn incense, light candles, light gold paper and set off firecrackers. After tea, everyone in the family has a bowl to drink. Because the first meal of the new year is soup, people will laugh at themselves with the phrase "eat soup on the first day of the first month" if it is blocked by rain whether going out or working at home in the future. After drinking tea, you have to burn noodles to eat, which is also commonly known as "longevity noodles." It is not only good luck, but also the wish of the whole family to live a long life. As a supplement to tea, you can kill two birds with one stone.

Breakfast: On the first day of the first month, Wenzhou people like to eat muffins (a sweet rice cake steamed by steaming). When eating, cut the muffins into thin slices, then cut the fat in the soy sauce meat into thin slices and embed it between two muffins. It tastes sweet and salty and has a unique flavor. Some people eat glutinous rice balls or cook a bowl of vermicelli with a boiled egg on it. These foods all contain the symbolic meaning of "getting taller every year" and "reunion". Some people cook China New Year's rice and eat mashed cakes and muffins. In Pingyang, eat rice cakes and glutinous rice balls, and some drink brown sugar soup first, then add noodles and eggs; In Taishun, housewives make sugar tea, steam sugar cakes and serve vegetables (salted radish) at home. But in Yandang area of Yueqing, people eat brown seeds. On New Year's Eve, every family cooks a pot of zongzi and gets up early on the first day of the new year for the whole family to eat. It is said that eating zongzi has two meanings. First, because zongzi is homophonic with "zong", it means to miss one's ancestors. Second, because zongzi has the same sound as the word "zhong", it means "zhong" by taking fame. In Yueqing, people usually use red dates, dried persimmons and glutinous rice balls. In Baishi Town, Yueqing, we had soup packets, porridge and top cakes for our first dinner. When I fell asleep, I put my shoes in front of my bed and asked the Heaven to bless me. During the Spring Festival in this city, tourists have the custom of offering Yuanbao tea, that is, putting two fresh olives in the tea, which is not only fragrant, but also floating olives in the yellow-green tea soup, which looks like Yuanbao, commonly known as "Yuanbao tea" and contains auspicious and rich colors in the New Year. Snacks can be round-eyed meat or lotus seeds, red dates, meatballs, eggs and vermicelli.

New Year's greetings: From the morning of the first day of junior high school, the younger generation kowtows to the elders in turn, which is called "New Year's greetings". From the second day of junior high school, neighbors, relatives and friends come and go to worship the festival. If we meet on the road, we will greet each other with a long bow (nodding and shaking hands), and some people will cross their chests and say "Happy New Year" to each other. New Year greetings to each other are also called "New Year greetings" and "New Year greetings". First, the next generation goes out to their elders' homes to pay New Year greetings, and then the peers pay homage, which is called "Returning to the Year". The first time a newlywed goes to Yue's home, it's called "Happy New Year", and the younger generation goes to the funeral home to call it "Happy New Year".

According to the old custom, Wenzhou people don't visit relatives on the first day of the first month. The time for New Year greetings is generally from the second day to the tenth day or extended to fifteen. In Cangnan, it is called "exploring the moon". When you go to an ordinary relative's house, you must bring a gift. Before the 1950s, agricultural products were relatively simple, mostly longan, litchi, red dates, yuan dates, brown sugar and dried persimmons. , wrapped in special papyrus paper, wrapped in red paper (some are printed with lace words to show the New Year), so it is called "paper Bao Peng", also called "Gaobao" and "red envelope". Each package of gifts is about half a catty, and how many packages need to be sent depends on the relatives who are leaving. In the past, many people bought red envelopes during the Spring Festival. From/kloc-0 to February 20th, every night after 9: 00, the shop assistants are busy wrapping red envelopes until late at night, and everyone can have a bowl of mustard fried rice cake for dinner. If the business is good, it will be packed after the Lantern Festival. Some stores only hold more than 20 red dates in a red envelope. Ironically, after the owner sent it home, the home was sent to Nanjia ... Finally, the bag was broken and the red dates in the bag were dug by the children. Sometimes there is only one left, and it is still being sent around.

In the middle and lower reaches of Yongjia nanxi river, during the first Spring Festival, the son-in-law went to his parents' house to pay a New Year call and wanted to make a rice cake, commonly known as "sending rice cakes". Cooked with white rice flour, mashed in a stone mortar, kneaded into rice blocks, and then put into a wood carving mold to print a round and flat rice cake with patterns on the front, such as double immortals and harmony, bangs giving money, champion elephant and so on. The quantity should be a load, about 50 pairs to 100 pairs. In addition, there are pork, muffins and longevity noodles (noodles).

In Wencheng, New Year greetings are called "the year of appearance". In the old days, if children over one year old were taken to "see" their grandparents, they would generally choose the third, sixth and ninth days, which is the so-called "three six nine mowgli". When going out, draw scarlet or black ink on the child's eyebrows and nose tip to avoid "imp" attacks. On the fourth day of the first month, most people don't travel or work. Because it is homophonic with "death", people who speak Minnan dialect are jealous of the ninth day of the first month. Because "nine" and "dog" are homophonic.

In Yueqing, I don't go out to visit relatives and friends on the first day. In Baixi and other places, even the second day is forbidden. Anyone who comes to the countryside without asking the vulgar will be accused face to face. From the third day, those who don't look forward to the "New Year's Eve" visit their parents-in-law, uncles and aunts, and pay New Year greetings, commonly known as "looking forward to the first month". Gifts are mainly muffins or mashed cakes, followed by fish, meat, litchi, Yuan Kui and other red sealed ingots. According to custom, there are four kinds of old relatives and six kinds of new relatives. The above-mentioned expected relatives of elders (including the elderly) will generally pay homage before the Lantern Festival. If the husband, nephew, adopted son's grandparents and parents are all dead, you can send your son there. Anyone who visits relatives and friends for the first time in the first month, regardless of seniority, must bring two red envelopes; Visitors must make tea, cook snacks, or hold banquets, otherwise, it is considered impolite in customs. In Pingyang, my nephew went back to my grandmother's house for the first time to pay a New Year call, and her grandmother sent calves.

In Dongtou, when the daughter returns to her parents' home, she will give her parents a "red bucket" to show filial piety. The so-called "red barrel" refers to a small wooden barrel engraved with flowers or red paint, which contains cooked food, as well as pasta or glutinous rice made with big fish and meat as seasoning, generally about 2.5-5 kg. As the saying goes, "the soul of giving birth to a child is the red bucket treasure of giving birth to a girl." It means that after giving birth to a son, someone dressed in linen Dai Xiao raised a coffin when sending him to the funeral after his death; After giving birth to a daughter, there is a "red bucket" for filial piety in the first month. After the 1970s, the custom of carrying red buckets basically disappeared, and so did the "paper Bao Peng". Instead, send food such as wine, meat and canned food.

During the Spring Festival, most people invite relatives and friends who come to visit the New Year to drink, commonly known as the "Year Wine", that is, the Spring Banquet, and some people specially entertain relatives and friends to drink. Generally, food and wine are abundant. If relatives and friends bring children under the age of 16 (nominal age), they should give lucky money, which is called "pressing the belly pocket". When relatives and friends leave, there must be gifts in return, usually candy, cakes, water chestnuts and the like. In the old custom, not going to pay New Year's greetings is a sign of severing kinship. So some old relatives (relatives of the previous generation) should take turns to pay New Year greetings. Old relatives who have no contact with each other in the four seasons and eight festivals must visit the New Year only during the Spring Festival.

Hall layout: On New Year's Day, wealthy families hang red and gold longevity screens (people who can live long) or large calligraphy and painting in nave. There is a long table in front of the screen, with evergreen flowers at the left end and a finely carved screen at the right end, with a clock or a big ingot in the middle. There are a pair of big tin tables on the left and right (some weigh 100 kilograms, as high as people) with big candles. There are two square tables in front of the long table. In addition to the big tin table and candles, there are a pair of diagonal lights (commonly known as "hall lights") on both sides. There is a big gold ingot (made of a bucket of glutinous rice and brown sugar) between the two tables, with silver flowers on it, wrapped in Ayabeni, and a few oranges lying horizontally on it, symbolizing the entrance of financial resources. In addition, some flowerpots in Jiangxi kilns are displayed, which are planted with various flowers, such as plum blossom, clove, daffodil and Buddha's nail flower. There is a red note with the word "Geely" on the flowerpot. Long table and square table are hung with embroidered red satin table, and the left and right corners are equipped with carved gold lacquer columns. Nave is full of calligraphy and painting. There are big chairs and tea tables on both sides, covered with chair covers embroidered with red silk, and several dishes of refreshments are placed on the table. If guests come, sit separately. In addition to refreshments, Jiangxi tea cups will be placed on painted wooden plates, or snacks such as lotus seeds and longan will be provided, as well as glutinous rice balls and red dates. On this day, even the bed curtain, bed forehead and bedding in the room were cleaned and replaced, and even the dressing table and mirror were covered with satin embroidered mirror covers. All the beams and eaves are covered with beautiful palace lanterns, and only two pairs of red gauze lanterns are hung on the front beam to show solemnity.

Writing in the Spring Festival: Literati write auspicious words on red paper, or "all the year round, successful in school", which is called "writing in the Spring Festival", and some write in a longer way, such as "writing in the Spring Festival, good luck". All the year round, everything goes well. Business is booming and financial resources are abundant. Six livestock are thriving, and the grain is abundant. The family is bright and auspicious, and the population is healthy. Good weather, peaceful country and people. "After writing, stick it on the partition. On the other hand, those who can write poems come into contact with the scene and write some new self-encouraging poems.

Pendant gold ingot: Every household uses brown sugar, glutinous rice and indica rice to make large and small gold ingots in order to make money. Every place in the house where things are stored, such as barns, rice jars, bookcases, boxes, wardrobes, drawers, jars, etc. There is also a small gold ingot.

Wear new clothes: On the first day of the Lunar New Year, people have to wear new clothes, which also means seeing off the old and welcoming the new. In the old society, the rich gentry and rich households wore woolen satin; Even the coarse and old clothes worn by poor households are neat and clean, which is different from ordinary days and welcomes the auspicious day of the new year. Children wear big red clothes, young women are all red, of course, and even old women wear big red skirts, because red symbolizes auspiciousness among the people. Children are usually forbidden to wear bright clothes, but today is an exception. Some people wear red net clothes and Tiger Claw, while others wear small swords, shells, wood carvings or bronze carvings on their belts, which means "resisting evil". Nowadays, people have made great changes in their clothes, and the colors, styles and materials are more colorful and develop to a high level. But it's the same to wear new clothes to welcome the new year.

Travel: When you go out on the first day of the first month, you should choose a good direction. Burn incense in front of the kitchen god first, then take an empty pot, put a spoon in it and turn it hard. According to the direction pointed by the last stopped handle, a person will walk with scissors, and then hear and remember what the first person said before cutting (virtual action), that is, take half and go back to divination. This is called "complement each other", which is also commonly known as "not listening".

Happy Koucai: During the Chinese New Year, Wenzhou people like to eat Koucai, and they are only allowed to say auspicious words and avoid unlucky words. "Relatives reward, auspicious words. Even if they 18 years old give gifts, they should add things like Ping An money and evergreen cypress, otherwise it will mean auspiciousness. " ("Yongjia Lu Wenjian" by Sun Qing Tong Yuan)

Send Yuanbao: On New Year's Day, someone tied a brown sugar Yuanbao to an evergreen branch and sent auspicious words from door to door. Playing bamboo board alone, now making up slang. It is "good" for one person to shake spring firewood (camphor tree branches and leaves), which is called "sending ingots" or "shouting ingots". There is a saying in Wenzhou: "On the first day of the first month of the first month, I will give you an ingot, and every word will be the best." After that, every household will give some rice cakes or change. Yongjia sent the song of Yuanbao: "Yuanbao enters the door, good! Gold and silver make a fortune, good! Good deeds, good deeds and past lives, good! Twist the spindle, ok! Raising pigs is as big as cattle, good! The ingot shows, ok! Liu, barefoot and unkempt, good! Liu Yan jinchan, ok! Money, money, send it home, ok! Happy birthday to Lu! "

Selling skills: In Cangnan and Pingyang, from the first day of the first month to the evening of the third day, there are selling skills teams carrying lanterns and chanting auspicious words loudly at people's doors, commonly known as "selling skills" or "selling wonders". People will send some rice cakes, cigarettes or red envelopes when they arrive, and they will stop for three nights. Some happy people (such as getting married, celebrating a birthday, building a house, having children, etc.). It is also necessary to make an appointment in advance, open the door to welcome guests into the hall, and entertain them with cigarettes and banquets, which is called "playing the role of a new house" or "playing the role of a bride".

New Year Drum: During the New Year's Day, there are cultural and recreational activities among the people, such as playing new drums and percussion. At the dawn of the Spring Festival, children come and go in droves, carrying gongs and drums along the street, which is called "New Year Drum". Some people gather their neighbors and play all kinds of music, including percussion and oratorios, which are joyful and lively.

Dragon Dance Lantern: There is a folk custom of dragon dance during the Spring Festival. In Pingyang, more than ten people hold colorful dragons and dance dragons in front of temples and big houses. The main family rewards red envelopes, rice cakes and sweets. There is also the white dragon, which is made of white bamboo cloth and can be lit inside. It is also called "Dragon Lantern" and is held by more than 65,438+00 young people. They usually stay in temples, set incense burners and gongs and drums, and Mr. Song Shu sings stories or eulogies, which are called "Dragon". The person in charge of the temple has to pay and arrange accommodation. Activities are limited to one month.

Welcome the New Year: In Pingyang and other places, people light incense in their rooms and set off firecrackers in front of the gods at midnight on 1 month/day, which is called "Welcome the New Year".

Lighting: From the first day to the fifth day, lanterns are lit in the dormitory every night until dawn. This is the so-called "lantern".

Greeting the Kitchen God: In Pingyang and other places, it is customary to greet the Kitchen God in the early morning of the third day or the evening of the fourth day. According to legend, "The Kitchen God returned to heaven on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month, so he prayed for it" (Pingyang County Records). On both sides of Yongjia nanxi river, the kitchen is welcomed in the early morning of the first day of the first month. Commonly known as the Kitchen God,1went to heaven on the evening of February 24th and came back from heaven on the first day of the first month. Every household sticks a new statue of the kitchen god in the shrine, lights incense sticks, makes a cup of tea and worships the statue.

Treasure Collection: On the fifth day of the first month, every household should put away the portraits of ancestors and all kinds of treasures, calligraphy and paintings placed on the nave on New Year's Eve. This is called "treasure". When collecting treasures, family members should pay homage, and the next generation of relatives from other places should also come to worship. In Pingyang, "those who leave on the fifth day, or hang for half a month" is called "blooming on the fifth day" in Wencheng. People put away the portraits of their ancestors, which means that the Spring Festival has come to an end, all taboos and some sacrificial activities have been lifted, and normal life order has been restored. In the old society, in towns, except some shops opened on the third and fourth days, most shops opened on the fifth and sixth days. When the market is open, all the shops will set off firecrackers and hang lanterns to celebrate.

New Year's Taboo: In the old days, on the first day of the first month, it was forbidden to cook (leave more rice on New Year's Eve, which means "leftovers"), carry water, visit and sew. Generally don't sweep the floor. If you have to sweep the floor, you must sweep it from the outside in with a broom. It is forbidden to sweep the floor outside It is said that wealth will be lost. Eat dinner early, don't light the lights, set off firecrackers (called "closing the door") and go to bed early. There are also taboos such as not quarreling, not using knives and axes, not killing people, and not collecting debts during the Chinese New Year. It is said that quarreling will fade; Knife and axe is a murder weapon, which is unlucky to move; And you can't say unlucky things, beat and scold or anything. Some people in Yongjia Ruxi area beat their children for the New Year, saying that it was "opening the year" and the year was not smooth. In Pingyang, for five days, you don't pick up dung, empty toilets or knock on the ground, which is just a "bucket" or something. Now these customs have basically disappeared. In the past, there was a custom of "the first month was slow" in rural areas. Farmers don't go to the fields until the seventh and eighth day of the seventh month, and general shops don't open until the fifth day. Nowadays, the atmosphere has changed. In recent years, this tradition has been broken. In some areas, on the second day of the first month, teams (or even the whole family) go to the fields to prepare soil and send fertilizer to the fields. Some shops also broke the convention and opened on the second and third days of the following year.

Group worship: After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), China government designated China New Year as "Spring Festival" because it is a traditional festival of our nation. In Wenzhou, every Spring Festival, the Party committee and the people's government will hold a "group worship" on the first day of the New Year, which means a collective New Year greeting. This can not only save time, but also save many people, and the scope is very wide. People from all walks of life of the party, government and army get together, have some refreshments, perform some amateur programs, hold a seminar to celebrate the fruitful results of the past year, and plan to discuss how to get more gains this year. Everyone is in a good mood, with harmonious feelings and a pleasant atmosphere.

Telephone New Year greetings: New Year greetings are to congratulate the new year on a better life, a more prosperous career and healthier people. It is more convenient to pay New Year greetings now. Whether it is international or domestic, it is far and near. You don't have to meet at home. A phone call will take a minute or two. It's called telephone New Year greetings. The time can be from the first day to the tenth day. It is said that someone received more than 50 New Year calls in one morning.

Support the army and love the people: At present, during the Spring Festival, symposiums and parties are held to support the army and love the people, so as to strengthen the unity between the army and the people. At the same time, carry out various cultural and recreational activities. In addition to preserving and developing fine traditional customs such as dragon dance, lion dance and guessing spring riddles, various literary evenings, movie evenings, garden parties and exhibitions are also held.

Shaoxing Chinese New Year custom

In Shaoxing, as soon as December of the lunar calendar enters, people are busy preparing for the New Year: buying wine, spring cakes, making zongzi, removing dust, killing chickens and geese, buying fish and meat, preparing clothes, shoes and hats for the New Year, buying gifts for relatives and friends, and so on. It can be said that I'm as busy as a bee for fear that I can't raise enough money and make a joke. On the 23rd night of the twelfth lunar month, every household will send the Kitchen God to heaven, offer a sticky candy and glue the Kitchen God's teeth so that he can't tell the Jade Emperor Chen about people's fault. After sending the Kitchen God, before New Year's Eve, every family always chooses an auspicious day to pray, which is the most solemn festival in every family year. The deities worshipped are "Southern Tour", which Shaoxing people call the Blessing Bodhisattva and the Great Bodhisattva, and they are said to be the emperors of the Song Dynasty. After the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty, the adherents were afraid of the arrogance of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty and did not dare to publicly sacrifice to the king of the Song Dynasty, so they had to do it quietly in the dead of night. This kind of eulogy with national consciousness was not only widely circulated later, but also added the significance of thanking the gods for blessing and praying for happiness in the coming year. According to the old people, the bodhisattva in the sky is not allowed to enter an unclean house. Therefore, before praying, the main hall, sacrificial platform and sacrificial vessels must be cleaned and cleaned. After the "Five Sacrifices and Blessings" are cooked, put them in a wooden red lacquer dish. There are also certain rules in the way of posing. For example, chickens and geese should kneel down and kowtow to the lucky god to welcome them. A live carp is hung on the "Longmen" with a red rope through the backstab, and colored eyes are glued with red paper, which means "carp yue longmen". If the ceremony is held late at night, the atmosphere will be more solemn. Men should kneel and knock three times according to their seniority, and women and men who are jealous of individual zodiac signs should avoid it. Not to mention Xianglinsao, the widow of Baitiling, even Lufu's wives and concubines were deprived of the qualification to pray.

After praying, you will worship your ancestors (commonly known as "please come back to the church for a meal"). When praying for blessings, the table is placed horizontally according to the wood grain on the desktop, and it is changed to be placed straight when worshiping ancestors; When praying for blessings, sweeping monk bowed outward, and when worshipping ancestors, he bowed inward. After the ancestor worship, cook rice cakes or noodles with the juice of the blessing ceremony to show God's "blessing" to his family. The customs of Chinese New Year in Shaoxing and other places are similar. "Eating and drinking on New Year's Eve, especially in clothes" is the climax of the New Year. In the month between the new year and the old year, people are very busy. However, in the man-eating old society, for the working people, if the Chinese New Year is over, they can't get any "blessings" by praying to God and ancestors. The extravagant blessing and ostentation like Guan Sijia is only reproduced as a historical relic in the movie Sister Xianglin.

Kaifeng new year

Kaifeng folks call the Spring Festival "Chinese New Year". However, China New Year is not only the first day of the first lunar month, but also the end of a year and a year. From the eighth day of December in the old year to the fifth day of the first lunar month, it is the year. In the old days, there was a saying in Kaifeng: "Laba, offering sacrifices to the stove. During the Chinese New Year, girls want flowers and boys want guns." Therefore, when it comes to Laba, Kaifeng will have an "annual taste" in both urban and rural areas.

Twenty-three, the altar official. 1February 23rd is a folk festival of offering sacrifices to stoves in China. In order for the Kitchen God to speak well of the Jade Emperor in the sky, every household should put on the memorial tablet of the Kitchen God, and some even wrote "Good words from the sky and good luck from the bottom" on both sides of the memorial tablet. It means Kitchen God's farewell dinner.

After the sacrifice, everyone was busy buying new year's goods and cleaning the house to welcome the New Year, especially cigarettes, wine, fish, meat and gifts for relatives. I have been busy buying new year's goods until the twelfth lunar month. There is also a folk song celebrating the Spring Festival in Kaifeng today: "Twenty-three, offering sacrifices to the kitchen officials; Twenty-four, sweeping the house; Twenty-five, tofu; Twenty-six, cut meat; Twenty-seven, kill a chicken; Twenty-eight, kill a duck; Twenty-nine, go to play wine; 30 years old, put up a door flag. "

New Year's Eve is always called New Year's Eve, and every household should put up Spring Festival couplets. In the past, Kaifeng had many old customs. Such as official seal, military attache seal, official seal, storytelling seal, begging seal and so on. The most important folk activities are ancestor worship and New Year's Eve. Now on New Year's Eve, Kaifeng people still follow many good customs in the past. Although there is no more "ancestor worship" on New Year's Eve. However, some people visit relatives and friends, watch TV and solve riddles on the lanterns until late at night, and some families get together to encourage each other, sum up the gains of the past year and make work and study plans for the new year. "Shounian" has given new content in the new era. When the midnight bell rang, people scrambled to set off the first firecrackers, which meant the determination and enthusiasm of Kaifeng people to open up the future.

On the first day of the first month, every family gets up early, changes into new clothes and finishes washing. First, they set off firecrackers to pay homage to the portraits of their ancestors. Then, the younger generation pays New Year greetings to the elders, who will give them "lucky money". In 2008, the whole family ate in jiaozi, and then began to pay New Year greetings to relatives and friends. In the old days, New Year greetings were generally led by parents, who first visited their elders, relatives and friends, and then went to distant homes. Every family has cigarettes, tea, melon seeds, peanuts, candy and so on. In order to wait for the new year guests. According to Kaifeng's habit of "paying New Year's greetings early and offering birthday felicitations late", the New Year's greetings ended on the afternoon of the first day of the New Year.

The second day of the first month is the day when girls return to their parents' homes. On the second day of the old day, firecrackers, horns and whistles were heard in the four townships of Kaifeng Chengguan, and mules and horses came and went in an endless stream.

The third day of the first month is the day to worship ancestors and sweep graves. Because the old calendar says that this day is "not suitable for everything", it is forbidden to visit relatives in Kaifeng on the third day. The fifth day is the fifth festival. People think that the fifth day is the first unlucky day after the New Year, so relatives and friends should also avoid visiting each other. In addition to these two days, Kaifeng folks visited relatives and friends during the festival, and there were few leisure days.