Seeking the introduction and position of Zhouyi.

Introduction to Zhouyi (June 30, 2007 +0 1: 26: 06) Introduction to Zhouyi Wang Hongji

Zhouyi is one of the earliest ancient books in China, which has been recorded in Zuozhuan, such as Zuozhuan Xianggong Nine Years: "Jiang Yue:' Died in Zhouyi, Yue:' Sui, Yuan Henry Zhen ...'" Zuozhuan Zhao Gong Seven Years "

There are different opinions about the origin of Zhouyi. On the one hand, Xia, Shang and Zhou were renamed Lianshan, Guizang and Zhouyi respectively. There are also many explanations about the meaning of "one". According to Zheng Xuan's explanation in the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Yi" has three meanings, namely "simplicity", "change" and "Zhouyi".

During the Western Han Dynasty, Confucianism regarded Zhouyi, Poetry, Shu, Li, Yue and Chunqiu as classics, which were collectively called the Six Classics, so Zhouyi was also called Yijing.

The author of Zhouyi, according to legends and comments from later generations, can't be sure. The Book of Changes said: "The ancients claimed to be the king of the world. When they looked up, they observed the images in the sky. When they looked down, they observed the law of the earth and took things near and far, so they started gossip to understand the virtues of the gods and the feelings of all things."

Sima Qian said in Historical Records: "After worshipping Hou Hu, Xi Bo sneaked into Yinzhou, and Xi Bo was imprisoned in Youli, which was a gossip of sixty-four hexagrams." Xibo is Zhou Wenwang, so he is the author of sixty-four hexagrams.

After the evolution of past dynasties, the Book of Changes we see today is divided into two parts: the Book of Changes and the Book of Changes. The Book of Changes is mainly composed of eight diagrams, sixty-four hexagrams and 384 hexagrams composed of eight diagrams, which are used for divination. The Book of Changes explains hexagrams and words *

Sima Qian said in Historical Records of Confucius' Family: "In his later years, Confucius was fond of Yi, and he was excellent in order, image, divination, classical Chinese, reading Yi and Wei. Said, "Leave me for a few years. If so, I will be gentle and easy. "So the author of some contents in Ten Wings is Confucius.

The number of images in the theory of Yin-Yang Eight Diagrams in Zhouyi refers to some figures and figures such as Taiji, Eight Diagrams, Sixty-four Guas, River Map, Luoshu, innate gossip and the acquired Eight Diagrams. One yin and one yang are called Tao, two instruments, three talents, four images, four seasons, four bases, five elements, six hexagrams, six reds, six rivers and so on.

When the Book of Changes is mentioned, people often think of divination, divination and other feudal superstitious activities. "Divination" has become synonymous with the Book of Changes. In fact, this is a misinterpretation of the Book of Changes. For example, cohesion says: "It's easy to be a sage, and words are still in words, and actions are still changing. Words are like it, and diviners are like it."

Xunzi was a famous thinker at the end of the Warring States Period in China. In the contention of a hundred schools of thought at the end of the Warring States period, Xunzi collected the achievements of various schools, created a new trend of Confucianism and pioneered Xunzi's studies. Xunzi once said that "those who are good at the Book of Changes don't take it", which means that those who are really good at the Book of Changes don't make decisions by divination or divination, and they don't take it for granted. Xunzi affirmed the Book of Changes, but he did not advocate divination or divination.

Zhouyi contains a wide range of contents, including philosophy, literature, politics, history, sociology, ethics, aesthetics, logic, law, military and other social sciences, as well as natural sciences such as astronomy, calendar, mathematics, temperament, medicine and biology.

The works of the Book of Changes are also very rich, almost in every dynasty and generation, and there are about 3,000 biographies that have been handed down so far. In addition, the national flags of South Korea are Taiji and Bagua in the Book of Changes, and there are also many book fans in Japan.

The school motto that Mr. Liang Qichao left to Tsinghua University is "self-improvement, kindness and morality." From Zhouyi. There are hexagrams in Zhouyi, which say "Heaven is strong, and gentlemen are constantly striving for self-improvement". As for Kun gua, "the terrain is vast, and a gentleman carries things with virtue." .

Just as mathematics and physics are the basis for learning other natural sciences, in ancient China, Zhouyi was also a compulsory basic course for learning all kinds of knowledge and technology.

Traditional Chinese medicine is the treasure of the Chinese nation and the quintessence of our country. TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of eight categories, deficiency of yin and yang, exterior and interior cold and heat, acupuncture and orthopedics, anesthesia operation, meridian theory, etc. All of them have scientific reasons and basis, and all of them are medical pharmacology and diagnostic experience gained by our ancestors through thousands of physical tests, clinical trials and even sacrificing their own lives. She has made indelible contributions to the prosperity and health of the Chinese nation. The theoretical basis of TCM and TCM is Zhouyi. Huangdi Neijing was written from the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties. Based on the concept of yin and yang in Zhouyi, this book widely uses the theory of yin and yang and five elements. Shennong's Herbal Classic and Huangdi's Internal Classic were written at the same time, which is the earliest monograph on pharmacology in China. The idea of Zhouyi can also be seen in this work. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica says: "Medicine has the tone of yin and yang", "Medicine has five flavors: sour, salty, sweet, bitter and pungent, and cold, hot, warm and cool". Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty, once said, "I don't know the changes, so there is not enough doctors". Zhang Jingyue, a famous doctor in Han Dynasty, once said, "Although Yin and Yang have been prepared in Neijing, their changes are greater than Zhouyi".

In terms of music, Zhu Zaiyu (1536- 16 10), a famous scientist and musician in Ming Dynasty, put forward the theory of the twelve equal laws of the world for the first time in 1584, which laid a theoretical and practical foundation for the development of modern European music. Bach (1685- 1750) is a famous German composer and pianist, and is called the father of European music. He wrote The Collection of Piano Music with Average Rhythm, which proved the rationality of this system with his creative practice and had a great influence on later generations. Later, the law of twelve averages gradually became popular in Europe and all over the world, replacing the law of non-averages. Helmholtz, a famous German physicist, wrote in his masterpiece On Sense of Sound: "Among China people, it is said that there was a prince named Zhu Zaiyu, who was opposed by conservative musicians. The method of dividing octaves into twelve semitones and tone sandhi was also invented by this country with talent and skill. " Dr Needham of Britain called Zhu Zaiyu "Da Vinci of China". Zhu Zaiyu also believes that "Fu He Tu and Luo Shu are the origins of Fa Li and the originator of mathematics".

Zeng Houyi's chimes are known as "unique treasures in the wonders of the world" and are masterpieces of ancient science. The inscription on Zeng Houyi's chime is like the ancient music theory more than 2400 years ago. The twelve chimes of Zeng Houyi are divided into two categories, one with full-voiced characters and the other without full-voiced characters. All dharma names with turbid characters are yin dharma, while those without turbid characters are yang dharma. Ceng Houyi's chimes are all double-voiced. The second group and the third group of buttons on the upper layer of Zeng Houyi's chime have a three-dimensional relationship, which is positive law and negative law. Therefore, the theory of Yin and Yang in Zhouyi has a material basis.

Judging from the history of Chinese mathematics, the influence of Zhouyi is not unique, nor is it unique to a certain generation. For example, Liu Hui, a great mathematician in the third century, said in his preface to Notes on Nine Chapters of Arithmetic: "The ancients began to draw eight diagrams to show the virtues of gods and the feelings of all things; Make the "Nine-Nine Plan" technique to combine the six changes ... So we set the calendar coordination rules, use the records to the original, and then refine the emblem with the gas of two instruments and four images, which can be effective. " For example, Qin, a great mathematician in the thirteenth century, listed "Eight Diagrams to Send Emblems" in his eighty-one title of "Nine Chapters of Counting Books".

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China, a hundred flowers blossom, a hundred schools of thought contend, the academic atmosphere is unprecedentedly strong, a hundred schools of thought contend, and sages come forth in large numbers. Such as Confucius, Laozi, Guiguzi, Guanzi, Mencius, Xunzi, Sunzi, Zhuangzi, Mozi and so on. Most of their works contain the theory of Yin and Yang.

Confucius began to read Zhouyi in his later years, and he couldn't put it down, so that he broke the rope of bamboo slips three times, leaving a beautiful talk of "Bian Wei's Three Musts". Biography of Xun, Biography of Elephant, Biography of Classical Chinese and Biography of Eight Diagrams were all written by Confucius.

Laozi is a Taoist master with profound thoughts. He said in the Tao Te Ching: "The Tao gives birth to one, two, three and everything. Everything is negative and positive, and it is harmonious. "

Gui Guzi was the teacher of Su Qin, Zhang Yi and Sun Bin, great military strategists in the Warring States Period. In his book Guiguzi, he said: "If Guangdong looks back on the past, the saints are in the world and are the first of all beings. Look at the opening and closing of yin and yang, know the portal of life and death, strive for the end, reach the hearts of the people, see changes, and guard its portal. Therefore, saints are in the world, and they have existed since ancient times, and their Tao is also. There are endless changes, each with its own merits. Or yin or yang, or soft or rigid, or open or closed, or loose or open. "

Guan Zi assisted Qi Huangong to become the first of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a famous politician, strategist, thinker, mathematician and musician in ancient China. Guan Zi said in Guan Zi: "Spring, summer, autumn and winter, Yin and Yang go hand in hand. When the length, the use of Yin and Yang also; Day and night are easy, and yin and yang are also transformed; But yin and yang are positive, although not, the surplus can not be damaged, and the loss can not be beneficial. Heaven and earth can gain or lose. However, you can be a politician. " Regarding the five elements, Guanzi has a special discussion on the five elements of Guanzi.