Oracle Bone Inscriptions, inscriptions on bronze, seal script, official script, cursive script and running script of water, stone, fire, bird and sheep.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions wrote the words water, stone, fire, bird and sheep like this: Oracle Bone Inscriptions wrote the words water, stone, fire, bird and sheep like this: the seal script of water, stone, fire, bird and sheep like this: the official script of water, stone, fire, bird and sheep like this.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is an ancient script in China, an early form of Chinese characters, and is sometimes regarded as a kind of Chinese characters. It is also the oldest mature script in China, which was first unearthed in Yin Ruins in Anyang City, Henan Province. It belongs to ancient Chinese, not the ancient or primitive language of other languages.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions, also known as "Wen Qi", "Oracle Bone Inscriptions", Yin Ruins or "tortoise shell and animal bones". Oracle Bone Inscriptions recorded and reflected the political and economic situation of Shang Dynasty, which mainly refers to the words carved on tortoise shells or animal bones by the royal family in China in the late Shang Dynasty (14 ~ 1 1 century), and their contents are generally the things asked or the results obtained by divination. After the demise of the Shang Dynasty and the rise of the Zhou Dynasty, Oracle Bone Inscriptions still used it for a period of time, which is an important material for studying the social history of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Oracle Bone Inscriptions's physical structure has been independent and tends to fit, and a large number of pictophonetic characters have appeared. It inherits the original carving symbols, enlightens the bronze inscriptions, and is the key form of the development of Chinese characters, which is called "the earliest Chinese characters". Modern Chinese characters evolved from Oracle Bone Inscriptions. In a total of * * * 65,438+million Oracle bones, there are more than 4,000 different characters and figures, of which about 2,800 characters have been recognized.

2. Jinwen

The bronze inscriptions on Yin and Zhou bronzes are also called Zhong Dingwen. Shang and Zhou Dynasties were the bronze age, with the tripod as the representative ritual vessel and the bell as the representative musical instrument. "Zhong Ding" was synonymous with bronze ware.

China entered the Bronze Age in Xia Dynasty, and the technology of copper smelting and bronze ware manufacturing was very developed. Because the Zhou Dynasty called copper gold, the inscriptions on bronzes were called "inscriptions on bronzes" or "auspicious words"; This bronze ware was called "Zhong Dingwen" in the past because it had the largest number of characters on Zhong Ding. The application period of bronze inscriptions is about 800 years, from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty's destruction of the Six Kingdoms. According to Rong Geng's Jin Wen Bian, there are 3,722 inscriptions, of which 2,420 can be identified.

3. Xiao zhuan

After Qin Shihuang unified China (22 1 year ago), Xiao Zhuan implemented the policy of "writing is similar, cars are on the same track", and Prime Minister Li Si was responsible for the unified measurement. On the basis of the original script of the Qin Dynasty's Da Zhuan, Xiao Zhuan simplified it, canceled the other six scripts, and created a unified Chinese writing form. It was popular in China until the end of the Western Han Dynasty (about 8 AD) and was gradually replaced by official script. But because of its beautiful font, it has always been favored by calligraphers. Because of its complex strokes and simple form, it is possible to add twists and turns and seal cutting at will, especially the official seal that needs anti-counterfeiting. Seal script was always used until the collapse of feudal dynasty and the emergence of modern new anti-counterfeiting technology.

4. Official script

Li Shu, including Qin Li and Han Li, is generally considered to be developed from seal script, with wide and flat font, long horizontal painting and short vertical painting, and paying attention to "silkworm head and goose tail" and "twists and turns". According to the unearthed bamboo slips, Lishu originated in the Warring States Period. According to legend, Cheng Miao was a servant shooter, which reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty and had a great influence on later calligraphy. Calligraphy is known as "Han Li Tang Kai".

5, cursive script

Cursive script is a font of Chinese characters, which is characterized by simple structure and continuous strokes. Formed in the Han Dynasty, it evolved on the basis of official script for the convenience of writing. The cursive script is divided into Cao Zhang and today's grass, and today's grass is divided into big grass (also called crazy grass) and small grass, which feels beautiful in madness.

6. Running script

Running script is a general term, which is divided into running script and running script. It is developed and originated on the basis of regular script, a font between regular script and cursive script, in order to make up for the shortcomings of slow writing speed and illegible cursive script. "Go" means "go", so it is not as scribbled as cursive script, nor as straight as regular script. Whether it is cursive or cursive in essence. Those with more patterns than grass patterns are called "running patterns", and those with more grass patterns are called "running grass". Running script has high practicability and artistry, while regular script is a kind of character symbol, which has high practicability and relatively insufficient artistry; Comparatively speaking, cursive script is highly artistic, but its practicality is relatively insufficient.