When did cattle appear as livestock in the history of China?

(1) 1. Through the investigation of unearthed cultural relics, we found that the history of raising cattle in China was in the early Neolithic period. Bones of cattle and buffalo were found in Dawenkou site and Yanzhou site in Shandong province. 16 buffalo skulls were unearthed at Hemudu site in Zhejiang province.

2. During Shang Dynasty, the scale of raising cattle was considerable. At that time, people raised cattle mainly as food and sacrifices. The ancients built houses to bury the bull's head and lay the foundation stone; Many cattle's shoulder blades are used in divination. According to legend, Wang Hai invented the ox cart in Yin Dynasty, and later generations used as many as 40 oxen at a time when offering sacrifices to him. According to the records of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, the Shang king sacrificed 400 cows. Four jade cows have been unearthed in the tombs of men and women in Yin Ruins more than 3,000 years ago. Among them, the dark green jade carving lying cow is 5.8 cm high and 1 1 cm long, carved from the seed jade in Moyu River, Xinjiang. Its shape is unique, its mouth is open, its nose is upturned, its limbs are bent, and its tail is heavy, as if looking around. This unique shape is carved from materials, which is really ingenious and rigorous in structure. At the same time, two pieces of Shi Niu were unearthed in the tomb. In addition, the famous bronze Niu Ding and Sixin Shi Niu of the Yin and Shang Dynasties have been unearthed in China, and the plastic arts are also very exquisite and unique.

(2) 1. The related agricultural farming methods are: Niu Geng method with a cow plowing the field and two cows lifting the bar, and Niu Geng method with a cow pulling the plow.

(3) Emergence and influence: 1 ... During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, people began to use Niu Gengdi, and it gradually became popular. The appearance of plough greatly improved the farming efficiency. The use of Niu Geng is an agricultural power revolution in the history of agricultural technology in China.

2. In the Han Dynasty, agricultural tools were improved and widely popularized in Niu Geng. Under the advocacy of the government, the "Niu Geng Way" of "two cows bargaining" was extended to the Pearl River Basin in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Niu Geng method, which is more flexible and convenient to operate, has also begun to appear.

3. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Jiayuguan in the northwest adopted the farming method of two people from Niu Yi or one from Niu Yi. Intensive cultivation, manure accumulation, and later spread to the south.

(4) In the Han Dynasty, the economic and cultural ties between China and Vietnam became increasingly close. Vietnamese ivory, rhinoceros and pearls are continuously exported to China. China's iron plow Niu Geng technology and water conservancy engineering technology are also popularized in Viet Nam.