20 18- 10-23

Guangzhou Longteng Communication Oracle Bone Inscriptions Appraisal

Oracle Bone Inscriptions's argument about counterfeiting is a very profound topic, which is difficult to explain with my knowledge and education. However, in order to carry forward the culture of Shang Dynasty, I would like to write my own experience of learning from Oracle Bone Inscriptions for your reference.

Since the discovery and collection of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in 1899, its value has doubled, and it has quickly changed from a "keel" with only a few dollars per catty to an "antique" with 225 yuan per catty. With a large number of purchases by collectors and rising prices, the problem of "counterfeiting" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions has also occurred from time to time. The appearance of a large number of imitation Oracle Bone Inscriptions not only brought difficulties to the collection, but also caused confusion to the study of Oracle bones. Therefore, it is necessary for those who are interested in learning, studying and collecting Oracle bones to explore some knowledge about Oracle bones, so as to improve their ability of distinguishing Oracle bones.

To distinguish the authenticity of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, we should first understand the main methods of "forgery", then carefully study the relevant knowledge of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and finally make a comprehensive analysis and judgment by using historical and dialectical viewpoints.

As a product of history, Oracle Bone Inscriptions is bound to be branded with history and has its own laws. Modern people, especially non-professional modern people, will inevitably lose sight of one thing and lose sight of another, showing signs of violating history and exposing the suspicion of fraud. Looking at Oracle Bone Inscriptions's counterfeiting methods, it can be summarized as follows: (1) adding inscriptions on Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jabu to increase the number of Oracle bones; (2) The lettering on Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jabu has no words; (3) Engraving on the unearthed scapula or tortoise shell without knocking; (4) Generally unearthed inscriptions on old bones; (5) Engraving on the old and new bones. Some of the "Oracle characters" used are piled up by random characters, some are "cloned" from real Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and some are copied from the whole piece of Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

Learning Oracle Bone Inscriptions knowledge should pay attention to two aspects:

One is from Oracle Bone Inscriptions itself. The first is Oracle characters. Experts in Oracle Bone Inscriptions divide Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed in Yin Ruins into five periods, each of which has its own unique style in font and calligraphy. The size of Oracle Bone Inscriptions is "fixed" in history. A good book with big characters, five tripod and four books, reproduces big characters. Except for a few cases, the five-phase glyph is a fly's head. Fonts change with the development of the times. As far as calligraphy is concerned, the first stage is vigorous and magnificent, the second stage is compact and neat, the third stage is decadent and weak, the fourth stage is rigid and simple, and the fifth stage is slender and neat. Secondly, rhetoric. Oracle bone inscriptions are divination books of the royal family in Shang Dynasty, and it has become a routine for Oracle bone inscriptions to be carved by Oracle bone inscriptions. So Oracle Bone Inscriptions's example has basically become a fixed procedure. Usually the whole speech is divided into narrative speech, life speech, professional speech and confirmatory speech. The third is the text example. Inscriptions (distribution), lines (left and right lines, or left and right lines) on Oracle bones and the relationship between Oracle bones have certain rules. The fourth is to use signs and monuments. Such as "no mystery", "no mysterious name", "one notice", "two notices" and "small notices" are all used in Oracle bone inscriptions in the first and second phases. The words "Yong", "Zi Yong", "Zi Yong" and "Yu Zi" were used in the third, fourth and fifth periods. The fifth is chastity. Real people are divination historians in Shang Dynasty represented by Wang. They are all senior intellectuals in Shang Dynasty. Chinese and foreign scholars have sorted out all the Oracle bones and learned that there are about * * * * boys and girls 128 people. These different virgins worked for different Shang kings.

The second is to start with the carrier of Oracle Bone Inscriptions-Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jabu. (1) trillion branches. Generally, the direction of giant branches is consistent with the short and horizontal direction of divination. On the front of the tortoise shell, with Li Qian Road as the center, the trillion branches of the left shell are on the right, and the trillion branches of the right shell are on the left. On the front of the scapula, the signs of the left scapula are on the left, and the signs of the right scapula are on the right. In addition, Oracle Bone Inscriptions's direction is to "welcome the omen" rather than "commit the omen", in other words, Oracle Bone Inscriptions's direction is just the opposite of the omen. (2) Drilling, chiseling and burning. Experts' research on Oracle bones shows that there are differences in the shape, size and presence of drilling, chiseling and burning in different periods. (3) Formation along the bone. Bone margin refers to the cross-sectional shape of the outer edge of the Oracle bone in the middle part of Oracle Bone Inscriptions's back. The bone margin of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in different stages is also obviously different. (4) the word "mouth" on Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Mouth word refers to the cracking of the words engraved on Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jabu. Oracle bones used in Oracle inscriptions in Yin and Shang dynasties are new and tough, and the inscriptions are not cracked. After 3,000 years, if you carve characters on these ancient Oracle Bone Inscriptions, there will be uncontrollable cracking and even "fusion". When we understand and master the above knowledge, we can use it to analyze and judge the authenticity of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. For example, when faced with a carved Oracle bone, we can see that this carved Oracle bone has a big font, in which the word "king" is carved as the supreme king and the word "truth" is "contention", and the carved Oracle bone has cracks. The chisel on the back of Oracle Bone Inscriptions is rectangular, and there is no drilling and burning beside the chisel. Analysis: the glyph, the word "Wang" and the word "Zhen" all conform to the characteristics of the first phase of Oracle bone inscriptions. The mouth of the word is cracked, which is suspected to be a new mark. Chiseling and burning are in line with the characteristics of Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Phase III and Phase IV. It can be concluded that this piece of Oracle Bone Inscriptions is Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty, and the new Oracle Bone Inscriptions "Zhang Guan Dai Li" must be forged. Another example is the copy of the inscription, the font is very small, and there is the word "Wang Bu" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. In addition, there are "two indictments" and "three indictments" in the inscription. Analysis: Zigzag and "Wang Bu" are the characteristics of five Oracle bone inscriptions, while "seeking height" is unique to the first and second Oracle bone inscriptions. Therefore, this inscription is also forged.

These are all general rules. Oracle Bone Inscriptions, like other things, has both general and special laws, which need our constant research and exploration. Fake is fake, fake is more realistic. There is still a difference between it and the truth, as long as you study hard.