A story about crows

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Crow folklore is manifested in three aspects: first, it is used for divination and is regarded as a good omen; Second, it is regarded as an ominous sign; The third kind is considered filial piety.

Used for divination, it magnifies the reconnaissance experience in ancient wars, replaces flowers with trees, and promotes superstition.

According to Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-eight Years of Duke Zhuang, in the autumn of the twenty-eight years of Duke Zhuang of Lu (665 BC), the State of Chu attacked the State of Zheng with 600 chariots. When the Chu army attacked the Zhengjiacheng Gate, the gate on the city was still hanging high, and the enemy was not put down. The commander-in-chief of Chu thought Zheng was plotting to lure the enemy deeper, so he retreated that night and withdrew all his troops. In fact, Zheng was short of troops and had to take the risk of making an empty plan. When the Chu army retreated, Zheng didn't know it and was ready to abandon the city and flee. However, the spy reported: "There is something wrong with the Chu curtain." It turned out that the Chu army retreated hastily. Even the tent was not demolished, and crows were still parked on it; This proves that there is nothing in it, so the crow dares to find food. Zheng Guo didn't escape. There is a similar record in Zuo Zhuan's Eighteen Years of Xianggong. This is an example of Gudelj birds judging the enemy's situation. When more people gather in a certain place, all birds will be disturbed, not just crows. only

It's just that crows are big, loud and easy to find. It is convenient and effective to obtain information by observing Ukraine's activities in military reconnaissance. This experience was summarized in Sun Tzu's Art of War and formed a set of theories.

Those who are near and quiet depend on their risks; If you stay away from the challenger, if you want people to move forward, you will benefit from those who live in a relaxed place. All the trees are moving, come on; There are many obstacles on the grass, which makes people suspicious. Wu Qi, Ye Fu; If the beast is terrible, it will cover it. Those with high dust will come to the car; Humble and broad, just to ... insist on standing and hungry; People who drink water first are thirsty; If you don't see the benefits, you will work hard. Bird gatherers are empty; People who call at night are afraid; Those who disturb the army are not heavy. ...

It is more comprehensive to say "bird" here. The word "Wu" in Zuo Zhuan may be accidental, but if it is said exclusively here, it will lead to one-sidedness and mystery. It is relatively scientific to judge the enemy's situation by birds, but it is fallacious for fortune tellers to say that birds have the special function of predicting the future.

In ancient times, the occupation of China by birds was first broken by crows, which was considered as an auspicious omen. This is earlier than the folk custom of magpies reporting good news.

When Zhou Wuwang was ready to attack, he secretly crossed the Yellow River to investigate the military situation of Shang Dynasty. "Historical Records of Zhou Benji": "The king of Wu crossed the river, the white fish jumped into the boat, and the king of Wu bowed down to sacrifice. When crossing, there is fire above (covering) below. As for the Wangs, the flow is black, the color is red, and the sound is loud. At that time, the vassal unexpectedly met 800 vassals in Tianjin. The governors all said,' It's time to cut back.' King Wu said,' I don't know my fate, so I can't do it. It's to repay the teacher. "

White is clean and bright, and the ancients regarded it as auspicious color. Fish has scales, corresponding to soldiers' armor. The ancients thought it was a symbol of military war. The so-called "top-down fire" may be that Zhou Wuwang stood and observed attentively, trying to see the hidden place. He was too tired, dizzy, his eyes were black and he was sparking. Historians are witches, too. In order to cater to the king of Wu, it is said to be a good omen. Rise of the legend, the red crow, and the stars in front of him are all in a blaze. The black of the crow is consistent with the black in front of him. But cautious Zhou Wuwang didn't believe in the wizard's welcome. Perhaps he estimated that he was not strong enough, and he felt dizzy from the beginning that this was not a good sign, so he made it clear that his followers did not know their destiny and the time had not come.

This historical fact shows that the good omen of crows is deceptive. Ancient myths and legends; There are three feet in a day, called Wuyang. The name of Wuyang is known as the bird of light. This statement, combined with judging the enemy's situation from birds militarily, has formed a superstition that crows are auspicious.

Dong Zhongshu in the Han Dynasty quoted Biography of Shangshu in the Spring and Autumn Period: "When Zhou Jiang flourished, there was a kind of red and black valley, which gathered on the royal residence, and Wu Wangle and all the doctors enjoyed it." It hides the plot that the fire group turns into a crow, because it is not easy to believe. In addition, a layer of grain seeds in the mouth means that a new dynasty will be born. Obviously, it was King Wu who said that the destiny had not arrived, which greatly swept away the interest of the rulers, but it was tampered with to make everyone happy.

The Book of Songs Xiaoya in the First Month: "I'm sorry, why should I go from Shandong?" In whose house? " Mao Chuan: "The house of the rich man was also taken by Wu." It is a good sign to know who has money in the rich family. But if you think about it carefully, it's probably that the rich throw away more rice, and crows and many blackbirds patronize because they can eat enough.

In the Han Dynasty, it is necessary to support the lost text of "Customs and Customs": "Notes on Ming Di's Residence":' When I arrived in Mount Tai, Wu rode on the ground and the warrior Wang Ji shot it. As a saying goes, "Blackbird is dumb. It shoots with a bow and has a hole in its left armpit. Long live your majesty, minister of two thousand stones. " The emperor gave 2 million yuan to make the pavilion murals into martial arts. "(Selected Works on a White Horse) The brave guard shot a crow under its left wing. The crow was very lucky. So he didn't miss the opportunity to praise Emperor Han Ming for his long life and asked to be the chief palace master of Erganshi. But the emperor only rewarded the money, not the official position.

Crows give good news, unlike magpies that invite guests. Legends are related to facts. In addition, crows are black, and their cries are harsh and unpleasant, leaving a bad impression on people. So crows used to be the historical "common sense" of the rise of the Zhou Dynasty, which most uneducated people didn't know. The saying that crows report good news but not bad news gradually wanes, thus multiplying the popular saying that it is a bad omen. This statement is based on the background of judging the enemy from the activities of birds in ancient times. This change has been recorded in the Han Dynasty. "Five Elements": "In November of the third year of Emperor Jingdi, there were white-necked Wu and black Wu at war with Lu County of Chu State. White neck invincible, Surabaya thousands of people died. Liu Xiang thought it was almost white and black. At that time, the king of Chu rebelled violently, humiliated Shen Gong and rebelled with the prince of Wu. Wu Qundou, the image of a division battle ... Wang Wu didn't get it, so he transferred troops to attack Wu and left in defeat. As for Dantu, he was beheaded by the Vietnamese and died in the water. Jing Fang's Yi Zhuan said:' If you kiss me, the demon will turn against the country.' "Lin Yi has always regarded crows as an ominous symbol. Its volume 1 "Meng of Kun": "There is Wu in the city, and its name is abolished. Suffering from poison for the country. Volume 7 "Great Violation": "Wuming Imperial Court avoids disaster." . Knock the door open for fear of mob. The former said that the crows in the city sounded like "the family broke down", which may be due to the records in Zuo Zhuan, while the latter said that crows had crowed in the yard, which made people alert to the disaster.

The so-called crow omen is the result of extracting the specific conditions from the reasonable thinking of judging the enemy's situation from the activities of birds, and then expanding, lopsided and absolute. In ancient times, there was a book "The Crow Sutra of Yin and Yang Bureau" written by Dong Fangshuo, which used crows for divination, but it no longer exists. In Song Dynasty, Hong Mai wrote in Rong Zhai's Essays, Continued Writing and Black Quezhan: "Generally speaking, if a bird sings, count its sound first, and then determine its position. If there is a sound on the first day, it is a sound and the second sound is a sound. Count it by ten to distinguish its urgency and determine good or bad luck. "

Tang Duan Shicheng's Youyang Miscellaneous Language: "There is no good sound on the ground of Wuming. When people leave, they follow the crow's voice. They are so happy. This old occupation is unstoppable. "

Crono, Tibet. Bo 1045, born in Dunhuang Tibetan scriptures cave, is an event and method for Tibetans to use crows to predict good and bad luck in Tang Dynasty. The preface says: "Crow is the master of human beings and conveys the oracle of the gods. Northern Tibet is the hometown of yak, in the center of the place. It conveys the sacred will and flies busily. Eight sides * * * nine sides, three times that of Dong Wanming, and the speed of Sodom. If all crows are eaten, they will be immortal.

Enjoy the product. What the crow said is a signal. ..... Dragon Dragon (according to, the word here and below is crow) means good luck, clicks means innocence, clicks means urgency, clicks means wealth, relying on force and threatening force. "

Tibetans carry out celestial burial, and the body being eaten by birds means that the soul has ascended to heaven. Crow is one of the birds that eat corpses, and Tibetans pay more attention to it. The repentant "Sodoma" is a sacrifice made of flour, milk, wine, sugar and ghee.

In ancient Sichuan Baling area, divination was only based on the flight direction of crows. "Hidden Record" says: Crows in Baling are not allowed in. Every new year's eve, women will catch one to feed it. On the morning of New Year's Day, they tied the colored thread around the crow's neck and made it fly. The formula of divination is: "the crow is east, and the girl is red." A crow flew in the west, and the happy event came. Crow seed south, silkworm. The crow is north, weaving and working. "Four are all.

Women's affairs are also public divination, without the participation of witches, which is obviously of a game nature. It evolved from the daughter's Qixi begging, but the carrier of folk custom was changed from magpie to crow, which is in line with the ancient custom that crow is a lucky bird.

Yan Yan Lu of Zhou Dynasty in Ming Dynasty said: "If you crow early, it will lead to the disaster of fire. Intermediate time (sound); And Xiao, Twilight and Fei Zhengqing. In a cloud, crows may be more unhappy and worried. " The so-called "fire" is the reverse theory that Zhou Wenwang's fire group turned into a crow, pretending to be mysterious. It can be seen that all wizards are attached to a certain factor and talk nonsense.

As early as the Han dynasty, there was a saying that crows were filial. Shuowen: "Wu: Honor the bird." The so-called filial piety means that when the old crow can't hunt, the children will be fed by their parents to repay their parents for feeding their young birds. Cheng Gong of Jin Dynasty wrote Preface to Five Blessingg: "Wu Mi has made great contributions for a long time. It is a lucky bird because it feeds back and nurtures. Based on Zhou Shu, the poet looked for his collection. Look if there is a state-owned road, and hide if there is no road. Why is the virtue of phoenix added to it?

The so-called "Zhou Shushen's change" means that Zhou Wuwang's fireball turns red and stops on the house. The so-called "the poet's search for his collection" refers to the crows who landed in the rich man's house in the Book of Songs. Cheng Gongsui explained that these two things are auspicious because crows are filial, and they are completely guessing folk customs. It is said to be an auspicious bird, named Wuyang because of the myth of three feet and five feet in Japan and China. This kind of thing has happened before, and the theory of bird filial piety only came into being in the Han Dynasty. How can what happened later be the cause of what happened before? It is still Zhou Wuwang's business to say that "the state-owned road will see you", but the crow without road in the state is hidden, and it is groundless to say that it is illusory.

In fact, all birds and beasts will leave their parents when they grow up and have the ability to survive, without any feedback. Nan Liang said at the beginning of "Wu Sheng Ba Jiu Zi": "Wu is in the city, and nine dimensions are born every year. The branches are light and the nests are narrow, and the wind leaves wither early. Yong Mao Mao is not at ease, Zhang Yiqiang is shouting. " Write in detail about Xiao Wu being taken care of by his parents. Later, the article said: "Yucheng melts things, and Ding Nian gives poverty." That is, when young Wu grows up, he goes his own way. Nobody cares who it is, and nobody knows who it is. Writing a layer of feedback is very practical.

According to Professor Zhang of Sichuan University, the crow was originally called "Woods" because of its black feathers. "Zi" means black, which is synthesized by the word "Xuan", and "Xuan" is black. Zuo Zhuan mourned the public for eight years and said, "Why do you make me water?" Later, the black meaning of "Zi" gradually disappeared, and people didn't know it. Confucianism wants to publicize the ethics of filial piety, so it writes the word "Woods" in spoken language as "Ciwu" and interprets "Ciwu" as "filial piety", which leads to the so-called "feedback", because it caters to the ancient people's psychology of attaching importance to filial piety and soon becomes popular and popularized.

Compendium of Materia Medica: "When this Wu was born, its mother nursed it for 60 days and its mother nursed it for 60 days, which can be described as filial piety." Only give feedback for 60 days. Instead, it should be a modified statement to feed back only the mother Wu. There are four myths. "Small and pure black, small mouth feed back, it also; Looks very kind, with a big mouth and a white abdomen. If you don't feed back, the crow will be black. " The other two were Yanwu and Wu Shan, and they didn't say whether they would give feedback. There is only one way to say that crows feed back, which is to modify the cover-up statement and increase the opposite sex. People can't see the fact that crows feed back, so they change it to not all crows feed back, saying that they only feed back the mother bird for 60 days, so it's not easy to see.

Crows have no feedback, so people say, so we might as well regard it as an imagination to express filial piety. Zhang Mingju is saying in "Xie Zhun Stay Buried": "Chen Gu's predecessor anxious to return just wants to miss his loved ones." The theory of "feedback" is an artistic expression of folk filial piety.