Who is the resting mother?

Yixiu Zongchun (A.D. 1394- 148 1) was a Zen master in Muromachi, Japan. This cartoon series only describes a short period of his childhood, but in fact he lived to be 88 years old. He was born on the first day of the first month of Yingyong. His father is Queen Komatsu, and his mother is the emperor's concubine. In the 60 years before Yixiu's death, Japan experienced the division of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. It was only in 1392 that the shogunate's fierce light forced the southern dynasties to negotiate peace, ending this 60-year-long melee. 15 century saw the hope of peace. The shogunate is actually manipulating politics behind the scenes, and the emperor has no real power. Yixiu's mother was originally a family of Fujiwara, a noble in the Southern Dynasties. Although Emperor Komatsu loved her very much, she was jealous of the queen. When she was found pregnant, she was expelled from the palace on the grounds that she was a descendant of Fujiwara, sympathized with the Southern Dynasties and was dissatisfied with the court. Yixiu was born after she left the palace, so he never lived the life of a prince and grandson, but grew up among civilians. However, from the poems of Yixiu, we can still see that he believes that he is a royal family. Since then, Emperor Komatsu has indeed often called him into the palace to meet him. The emperor was called to the bedside when he was dying, but all this did not change his position as a common people. He has never been regarded as a prince, nor has he ever pretended to be a prince after a repair. He followed his mother's instructions and became a monk. For his mother, we only know a thing or two from a letter she wrote to Yixiu before her death. She wants her son to be a monk who can look down on Sakyamuni.

An Jiuzhi was sent to Beijing by his mother when he was five years old. When he was a servant of a monk, he was originally named Zhou Jian. He is very interested in studying Buddhist scriptures. At the age of eleven, I attended Buddhist scriptures and began to learn to write Chinese poems at the age of twelve. In the Muromachi era, a learned monk had to be able to write Chinese poems. At that time, Buddhist temples were regarded as cultural fortresses, so monks had to learn to read and write China's poems. As a teenager, Yixiu was a very devout and observant monk, much like a disciple, and later formally accepted him as a disciple. Four years later, Xiang Waiji Jian died, and it was very painful to lose her teacher. At the age of 23, he felt desperate and went to Biwa Lake for a week, and finally decided to commit suicide by throwing himself into the lake. His mother found out about it and sent someone to save him.

After giving up the idea of suicide, he decided to follow Zen in the second year, but the master refused to meet him for a long time and refused to accept him as a disciple. I am not disappointed, waiting outside the temple gate. One day, the master went out and found Yixiu still kneeling in front of the temple. He ordered his master to throw water at Yixiu and drive him away. When he returned to the temple, he saw Yixiu still kneeling in the same place. This time, the master nodded and let him enter the temple, officially accepting him as a disciple.

14 18 Yixiu was twenty-four years old, and the master named him Yixiu Zongchun. The meaning of the name Yixiu is explained in one of his poems: "If you want to return to the empty world from the color world, let it have a short rest, let it dump the storm and let it blow." He believes that both the material world and the spiritual world are very important. One has to go back and forth between these two worlds, but only after a short rest can one be reborn in pure freedom. Ups and downs and any external force have nothing to do with him.

Two years later, at 1420, I finally realized. One summer night, the rain clouds hung low, and he meditated on the boat in Lake Biwa. Suddenly he heard a cry, and he suddenly exclaimed. Suddenly he realized that all his troubles had disappeared. When he told the master about this experience, the master said, "You have become an arhat, but you haven't achieved anything yet. A policeman replied, "If that's the case, I'm happy to be an arhat, and I don't care if the result is right.". "The master nodded and said," You are really a man who has achieved good results! 』

1422, when I was 28 years old, Dade Temple celebrated. All the monks wore the most splendid cassock to the ceremony, while I wore a worn-out old cassock and a pair of sandals. When the master asked him why he was wearing such inappropriate clothes, he took a break and replied, "My arrival has beautified this grand ceremony, but I have no intention of imitating those fake monks." The master smiled. Afterwards, someone asked the master if he had chosen a successor. The market said, "Take a rest, although he acts like a madman. 』

Yi Xiu's "crazy attitude" just expresses his hypocrisy resentment towards those monks. He nicknamed himself "Crazy Yunzi" and named his China poetry collection "Crazy Party". All his poems reflect his madness. Out of great dissatisfaction with the deceitful monk, he left the temple a few years before Master died, and his behavior went to the other extreme, openly leading a bohemian life. 1440 is the 13th year of Buddhist nirvana in Zhou Nianji. The monks of Dade Temple seized the opportunity to grab a large number of gifts from all over the country, and after a period of rest, they were greatly dissatisfied with it. After the noise of the 10th lunar month, he left Dade Temple and left a poem for a fellow brother:

"I have been busy for ten days, and the red silk thread at my feet is very long;

If you ask me one day, fish shops, hotels and brothels are all the same. 』

The act of resting completely violates the rules of monks. He indulged in poetry and wine, drank and ate fish, and lived in a prostitute's house. In "Crazy Party", he openly publicizes his happiness in the sea of desire. Such as "Tiyin Fang":

"Beauty lies in love and sex, and the old Zen sings upstairs;

I have the passion to kiss cilia, but I don't want to gather my body and mind without fire. 』

This is undoubtedly an open challenge to monks, aiming at satirizing those prudes. In fact, almost all the monks in the temple are secretly pursuing sensuality and doing evil, but they dare not act openly. No wonder the headlights denounced this shameless monk as "evil scum".

As early as 1437, I was forty-three years old when I was resting, just as Dade Temple held a centenary taboo for the Buddha who opened the mountain. As soon as I had a rest, I took a woman to visit the Buddha's tomb. According to the chronicle compiled by disciple Yixiu; "Being a teacher for forty-three years coincides with the one-hundred-year taboo of the early Buddhists. The teacher went to the tower to pay homage, followed by a woman with a pocket. The monks in the temple gathered to recite Buddhist scriptures and pray for the blessing of Buddhists. Instead of chanting, they took the woman to buddhist nun for the night after a short rest and teased her while listening to chanting. He thinks that the monk who started the mountain will never accept those "evil scum" chanting, which is more in line with his nature than a woman who talks about love. One of his most revered ancestors was the Ci Ming monk in China, who was often accompanied by his wife, so he openly took women into the temple regardless of the ridicule of others. He also wrote a song "Headlights Avoid Night and Beauty" to express his position:

"Mountain don't listen to the irony, curse ugly monk.

After the affair, the dream girl smiled at Ciming in a low voice. 』

"Dream maid" is another self-name for rest.

Yixiu mercilessly criticized the hypocrisy of monks, especially his fellow brother Zuo Yang (the 26th abbot of Dade Temple), and pointed out that Zuo Yang was a "poisonous snake", "slut who seduced women" and "leper". Dade Temple was once on fire, and the old man raised a large sum of money from the rich lay man and won the title of imperial court. However, Yixiu knows that raising an old man means asking promising businessmen for this large sum of money to enlighten and enlighten. He thought it was to rape Zen for material gain. Zuo Yang died at the age of eighty-two. The news of his death was vague in his biography, so he concealed the reason. In the poem "Self-discipline", he revealed that Zuo Yang died of leprosy, and he was miserable before his death. His disciples were so angry that they sent someone to assassinate him and tried to kill him.

Yixiu not only criticized those prudes who were really greedy and evil, but also maintained the spiritual purity of Zen to the letter. His criticism of his life and writing is also very severe. In the poem "Self-discipline", he said:

"Sin is pure and the Lord is the master of the world.

It is said that Zen forced poetry to work hard and robbed the evil Lord infinitely. 』

At the age of seventy-six, she fell in love with a blind singer, Sen. She was forty years old at that time, and their friendship lasted for ten years. About their acquaintance, Yixiu once wrote the following two paragraphs: "On the 14th of the second year of civilization, I went to Yakushima to listen to erotic songs of blind girls." "Waiter, I have heard of his style. He was born by Mu Zhi Zhi, but he didn't know it, so he has been following it to this day. In the spring of Xinmao, I met Mo Zhu and asked to meet Su Zhi, so I agreed. It can be seen that the rest of the old woman has been delayed for a winter, and I met Sen again, pouring out my feelings and hitting it off, which made my love story in the last ten years. Hugh wrote many romantic love poems to Sen:

"Fallen leaves come to the root, and a hundred flowers blossom.

Sen is also deeply grateful. If you forget it, you will rob the beast. 』

"Dream fan yuan mason, pillow plum blossom confidence.

The fragrance is shallow and the moonlight is new at dusk. 』

"Luan Yu blind girl * * * spring outing, melancholy heart good comfort sorrow,

Seeing all beings is contemptible, and loving to see the forest is also beautiful. 』

"Chu Taiwan climbs higher and higher, and the jade bed in the middle of the night is as sad as a dream.

A plum tree is blooming, and the fairy Ling Bo is at her waist. 』

Despite a boating trip in Infinite Love, he always believed that man was just a skeleton covered with flesh and blood. He wrote a work "Bones" on 1457, and used a dream about bones to illustrate his belief that all the glory of this world is just a lost illusion. He said; "A man is just a skeleton, covered with colorful skin. Men and women love each other and only look at hue. Once you stop breathing, your body will rot, your color will disappear, and your love will disappear. You can no longer tell who is rich and powerful and who is poor and humble. Remember, under your stinking skin is a skeleton, waiting to show its true colors. 』

In Yi Xiu's view, everything in this world is temporary and superficial, and even the external forms and costumes of religion are just skins covered with bones. There is an anecdote to illustrate his point: once a wealthy family asked for a rest to do something, and then went there in shabby robes. The man thought he was too inappropriate and sent him away. After a short rest, he came back again. This time, he put on gorgeous cassock on the old cassock, which was very popular. After a short rest, he immediately took off his cassock and said, "I'll leave this cassock to you." Say that finish also don't look back, still wearing shabby vestments, towering away.

At the age of eighty-one, he reluctantly accepted the invitation of Emperor Houdiyumen and became the abbot of Dade Temple, but he only lived in Dade Temple for one day and never went back. Because of the rebellion in Ren Ying, Dade Temple was burned down again, and it is planned to be rebuilt after the interruption. It was not until the thirteenth year of civilization that the abbot and the Dharma Hall were built. In that year 1 1 month, one died in the reward nunnery at the age of 88.

His disciples collected poems written in his life and compiled Crazy Party. Among them, "Crazy Party" collected 669 poems, and the rest "Continue Crazy Party" collected 154 poems, 8 French poems and 49 titles, totaling 880 poems. At that time, some people called the book Crazy Party "Biography of Poems" by Yi Xiu, because these poems described Yi Xiu's life like biographies, and reading his poems was like meeting someone.

Generally speaking, Yixiu is a strange man who transcends the times. He is both an enlightened Zen master and an unruly monk. His thoughts are far higher than those of his time. His "Crazy Gathering" has three characteristics: he shows people's true feelings and opposes hypocrisy, he has great respect for his ancestors, but he also has his own spirit of detachment and independence, from which we can understand one end of Zen history; He tried his best to defend the spiritual purity of Zen and criticized a group of vulgar monks who used Zen as a commodity to pursue fame and fortune. He enthusiastically praised life, showed the light of human nature, boldly praised sex and love, opposed the discipline of suppressing human nature and exposed the hypocrisy of abstinence.

In his long life, he experienced a disastrous period in Japanese history in his later years. Windstorms, floods, ensuing famines and plagues are prevalent, and people drive people to eat people. The streets of Kyoto are full of bodies. The Ren Ying Uprising almost leveled Kyoto, burned everything in the palace, and people fled their homes. Finally, even after the death of Emperor Houtu Yumen, there was no money for burial for several months. /kloc-The history of Japan in the 5th century began with the hope of peace, but ended in disaster. The various divorces he experienced in his later years are just enough to illustrate the profound meaning of his writing Bone, that is, in his love poems to Sen, we may still taste a strong spicy taste.

Crazy Party tells us about Yi Xiu's life. Reading his poems, we will feel that he is a person with aloof personality and strong feelings. Although he has been separated from us for centuries, we can still understand his voice.