The Origin of Sacrifice in Dionysus

Dionysus is the God of Dionysus, the God of plants, the God of reproduction and the God of joy. The temples dedicated to Dionysus were all over ancient Greece, and Dionysus's sacrifice and genital worship had a wide and far-reaching influence.

There are different opinions about Dionysus and the origin of his sacrifice.

(1) (Herodotus believes that Dionysus and his sacrifices were first introduced to Greece from Egypt. In History (2. 145), he said: "The Greeks believed that Dionysus and Pan were the youngest of the gods. But in Egypt, Pan is the oldest of the gods and belongs to one of the original "Ba Shen". Heracles is one of the so-called "Twelve Gods" of the second generation, and Dionysus is considered to belong to the third generation God bred by the "Twelve Gods". According to the Egyptians, I have said for many years from the birth of Hercules to the rule of (2) (2). It will take longer from Pan to this era; Even Dionysus, the youngest of the Three Gods, from his rule to the rule of Amas, according to Egyptian calculations, this period of time is 65,438+0.5 million years ... But from now on, it is only 1600 years from the famous Dionysus era when Cadmus's daughter Semele was born ... "

He also said in History (2.49): "It was Merambos who introduced the name of Dionysus, his worship ceremony and the parade with male genitals to the Greeks. However, he didn't fully understand all the doctrines, so he couldn't introduce all the doctrines accurately. However, since his time, many wise men have perfected his teaching. To be sure, the male genital parade was introduced to Greece by Moranpos. The Greeks also learned from him the ceremony to commemorate Dionysus, and they still do it now. Therefore, I insist that Moranbos, as a wise man who knows divination, mastered Dionysus's sacrificial ceremony through the knowledge he gained in Egypt, so he was introduced to Greece with a slight change, and he must have also introduced various other customs and habits. In any case, I can't agree with this statement. It's just a coincidence that the Greek Dionysian memorial ceremony is so similar to Egypt-if so, the Greek memorial ceremony must have more Greek characteristics, and it won't have originated recently. I don't agree that the Egyptians or anyone else learned these customs from the Greeks. My point is that Morambos learned about the Dionysus Monument from Cadmus, a Tyrion, and those who came from Phoenicia in Cadmus to what is now called Pioria. "In his History (2.52), he said:" In the past, Pilaski people prayed to the gods during various sacrifices, but they didn't specifically call any god's name, or they didn't give them a name ... They regarded these gods as gods because they arranged everything so orderly. However, after a long time, the name of God spread from Egypt to Greece, and the pilar people knew it, but they didn't know Dionysus at that time. It was a long time before I knew Dionysus's name. "For Dionysus, every Egyptian will offer a pig as a sacrifice at his doorstep on the eve of God's sacrifice, and then return it to the shepherd who provided the pig and take it away by him. In other respects, the festival celebrated in Dionysus is almost the same as the Greek Dionysus Festival, except that the Egyptians did not accompany the chorus and dance. They also invented something to replace the male genitalia, which is a portrait about a foot high. This portrait can be moved under the traction of a small rope, and women take it to various villages to March. The male genitals of these figures are almost as big as the whole figure, and they can move under the index of a small rope. A piper walked in front, followed by women, singing hymns in memory of Dionysus.

Herodotus believed that almost all the names of Greek gods were imported from Egypt (History 2.50). What the Greeks said about Dionysus was what the Egyptians said about Cyrus. According to the Egyptians, Apollo and themis were children of Dionysus and Demeter, and Leto was their nanny and protector. In Egyptian, Apollo is Horus, while Leto is Bhutto, Demeter is Isis, and Artemis is Bubastis. However, some modern scholars believe that Dionysus's name appeared in Crete, Greece in about14th century BC, and the custom of offering sacrifices to Dionysus was introduced into Greece from Egypt in about13rd century BC, and the worship of Dionysus became popular in Greece in about 8th century BC. At first, the Dionysian Sacrifice Center was located on the island of Naxos, and later the Kata Hongshan in Boaotia became a place for Dionysian revelry and sacrifice, which soon swept the whole of Greece from south to north. Pausania, a Greek geographer in the Roman era in the 2nd century A.D., recorded the carnival activities of offering sacrifices to Dionysus in many places in Greece, Aegean islands and Asia Minor in his Description of Greece. It was during this period that the worship of Dionysus began to crowd out the worship of local gods and heroes. Dionysus, as a symbol of natural forces, and Apollo, the sun god symbolizing clan nobility, began to oppose each other. In myth, in order to gain a foothold in Mount Olympus, Dionysus resolutely established his own worship in various places. There are several myths about Dionysus, which seem to be preparing for his arrival: Zagreus, the son of Zeus and Persephone, and Arcos related to the mysterious sacrifice of Ulysses are all ancient incarnations of Dionysus.

Bacchanalia (bacchanalia) (1) (Dionysia), also known as bacchanalia, is a festival in Greek and Roman religions to celebrate Dionysus, the god of high yield. In ③ (Attica ③), bacchanalia is held in both cities and villages, with festivals in cities and festivals in villages. At first, only women took part in the parade to worship Dionysus. In the early days, Dionysus's followers were only Grace. Later, his followers were changed to Maynardes, Dionysian Madwoman, Pantheon, Silenus and Sartre. Women who take part in the Dionysian Sacrifice Parade usually wear ivy crowns and deer skins, hold Dionysian staff wrapped in ivy and topped with pine cones, knock tambourines and cymbals, and dress up as Dionysian crazy girls.

The Dionysian sacrifice parade is essentially a carnival. Dionysus's crazy women abandoned their families and jobs, and wandered in the mountains in droves, waving Dionysus's sticks and torches, dancing wildly and shouting "Bakkos, Ou Hou ④(Euoe)". When this madness reaches its climax, they will destroy everything they encounter. If they meet wild animals, even children, they will immediately tear them into pieces and eat them alive. They think that this kind of raw meat is holy communion, and after eating it, it can be integrated with God. Later, although the carnival held by the government on Mount panas became milder, raw meat was still eaten in the sacrificial activities.