What are the famous potted trees?

Also known as cycad. Cycadaceae, Cycadaceae. Evergreen woody plants, the tree is about 2 meters high. The trunk is cylindrical, stout and unbranched, with obvious spiral diamond petiole marks. Pinnate leaves are inserted at the top of the trunk and are 0.7 ~ 2 meters long. The number of pinnate lobes can reach more than 100 pairs. Thick leathery, strip-shaped, hard, slightly V-shaped, inclined upward, and the edge rolled back obviously. The leaves are dark green and shiny. Dioecious. Male cones have a cylindrical solitary trunk with an upright top, and the microspore leaves are flat, scaly or shield-shaped, arranged in a spiral shape. The megaspore of the female flower is fleshy, pinnately divided, with 12 ~ 18 pairs of lobes and densely covered with yellowish hairs. It is produced in Fujian, Taiwan Province and Guangdong, and cultivated everywhere. Like light, strong ability to resist smoke damage and air pollution. It is suitable for planting in sandy loam soil, but it can also adapt to mild clayey soil, provided that the drainage is good, otherwise the root system is easily affected by water and humidity and will grow poorly. Many provinces and regions in South China and Southwest China are planting in the open garden. There are many potted plants in the Yangtze River valley and all parts of North China, but iron should be supplemented, such as alum fertilizer water (ferrous sulfate fertilizer water), or cast iron chips and nails in pots. Overwintering in the greenhouse in winter. Cycas is a subtropical plant, which can blossom every year in its place of origin. However, after moving to potted plants in the north, the climate and other conditions can not meet the requirements of growth and development, and it is not easy to bloom. The same species are: ① Alnus formosana, which is about 3 meters high. The pinnate leaves are 1.8m long, with 90 ~ 144 pairs of pinnate lobes, strip-shaped, thin leathery, with long pinnate lobes in the middle, with no upturned edges and protruding midvein on both sides. There are thorns on both sides of the petiole. The male cones are nearly cylindrical, and the megaspore leaves are dense yellow-brown or rusty, and fall off after maturity. It is produced in Taiwan Province Province and cultivated in Guangdong and Fujian. (2) comb-shaped rafters, with a height of 3 meters. The pinnate leaves are 1.2 ~ 1.5 meters long, and there are sparse spines on both sides of the petiole, and the spines are slightly bent downward. Pinnate lobes are 80 ~ 120 pairs, strip-shaped or strip-lanceolate, thick leathery and hard. The middle pinnate leaf is longer, the edge is slightly curved, and the veins on both sides are raised. The male cones are conical and cylindrical, and the megaspore leaves are dense and brown and yellow. It is produced in southwest Yunnan, cultivated in Kunming, and also distributed in India, Nepal, Sikkim, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. (3) C. Rumpii, the height of the tree is 4-8 meters, and the petiole remains. The pinnate leaves are 1 ~ 2 meters long, nearly straight, arched at the upper part, and usually have short stalks at the lower part of the leaf shaft. 50 ~ 80 pairs of pinnate lobes, long lanceolate or strip-shaped, leathery, green and shiny. Male cones are oval and oblong; The megaspore is feathered, fluffy, and then falls off.

2. Nanshan tea

Also known as Yunnan Camellia. Camelliaceae, Camellia. Evergreen shrubs are trees, the height of which can reach15m. Bark grayish brown; Branchlets glabrous, brown; Leaf blade oval, serrated tip, dark green surface, dull, obvious reticular veins, pale green on the back. 2 ~ 3 flowers, straight axils, no pedicels, big shape, about 20 cm in diameter. The color varies from light red to deep purple, with 15 ~ 20 petals, the inner petal is obovate, the outer petal is obovate or round, and the edge is often wavy; Sepals are very big in shape, and some of them are petal-shaped. The flowering period is very long. In the country of origin, early flowering seeds begin to bloom in late February of 12, and late flowering seeds can last until early April. Native to Yunnan, China, it is cultivated in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other provinces, and potted in northern provinces. Like shade, cold tolerance is weaker than camellia, like warm and humid climate, afraid of cold and heat. The optimum temperature in the growing season is 65438 08℃, and the overwintering temperature is above -5℃. If the temperature drops to 0℃, the buds will freeze and wither gradually, but the branches have strong cold resistance and can withstand the low temperature of-12℃ without dying. The ideal relative humidity of air is 60% ~ 80%. It is more sensitive to the acid-base reaction of soil than camellia, and it is best to grow normally at around pH5 and within the range of pH 3 ~ 6. Avoid alkaline soil, and sandy soil rich in humus is the best. Nanshan Tea is a specialty of Yunnan, China, and one of the internationally famous flower viewing trees. Growth is slow, but life is long. The flowering period is long, and most of the flower buds are born near the branches. Flowers are dense and beautiful, which can be described as a tree in bud and beautiful. When the flowers bloom every year, like a cloud on fire, there is a sea of flowers. The ancients once said that camellia has ten unique skills: beautiful flowers, long life, great boldness of vision, elegant skin, beautiful posture, exotic roots, lush foliage, firm nature, glorious appearance and deserving of reward. Precious garden tree species.

3. Luo Fu

Also known as kumquat. Rutaceae, kumquat. Evergreen shrub, the tree is 3 meters high, usually spineless and much branched. Leaves alternate, lanceolate to oblong, leathery, entire or with inconspicuous teeth; Petiole wings are extremely narrow, with joints at the top. The flower is small, with 5, 1 ~ 3 axillary calyx and petals, white and fragrant. The fruit is oval, about 3 ~ 5 cm long and golden yellow. Originated in South China, North China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, potted plants are often used for viewing, which is a good way for China people to pay New Year greetings.

4. bergamot

Rutaceae, citrus. Citrus varieties, small evergreen trees or shrubs. It is a famous southern garden tree species with both leaves, flowers and fruits, and is mostly used as landscape trees or potted plants. The height of trees planted on the ground can reach 1.5m, and the crown diameter is 2m. Potted plants are about 1m, with a crown diameter of 0.4m m. The leaves are tough, dark green and shiny. Inflorescence conical or axillary bouquet, white flowers, clusters of open, fragrant. Spring flowers are mostly unisexual, slender and sharp, and cannot bear fruit because of the poor development of factor room, but they can be picked and dried to make tea or used as medicine. In summer and autumn, bisexual flowers are dominant, with short and strong body, blunt top and high fruit setting rate. The fruit is bluish green when it is young and orange when it is mature, and it has a strange fragrance. Fruits can be hung on trees for 3 ~ 4 months. Spring fruit generally matures in the late summer, and the top is separated like a finger, which is finger-shaped, commonly known as "bergamot"; Xia Guo matures in autumn and winter, and is usually fist-shaped, which is called "closed bergamot". Xue Qiao, a local ancient poet, praised: "There are hundreds of hands of green oranges; Yellow and orange beauty, stretch a finger or make a fist; The smell is coming, and I want to vomit. " In addition to its high ornamental value, the whole bergamot can be used as medicine, and its nutritional and health care functions are also very obvious, which is very popular in domestic and foreign markets. It can be combined with the selection and application of garden tree species in suitable areas in southern China, which can be popularized vigorously and increase benefits. Jinhua, Zhejiang Province is the main producing area of economic cultivation of bergamot, and has the reputation of "hometown of bergamot". The suitable temperature for growing period is 20℃, and the safe overwintering temperature is 5 ~ 65438 05℃. If it is lower than 0℃ for a long time, it will cause obvious freezing damage. Bergamot mycorrhiza is rich, perishable and difficult to recover after root cutting.

5. Australian duck feet

Also known as Queensland umbrella tree and Liriodendron radiata. Araliaceae, Umbrella. The trees are evergreen and the plant height can reach more than 30 meters. Palmately compound leaves, like an umbrella. Young trees have 3 ~ 5 leaflets and adult plants have 7 ~ 16 leaflets. The leaves are oval and leathery, with occasional jagged edge and green. Inflorescence length 1 ~ 1.5m, purplish red. I come from Australia and New Guinea, and I like warm, humid and sunny environment. Not cold-resistant, more resistant to shade, afraid of strong light. The optimum temperature in the growing season is 20 ~ 25℃, and the overwintering temperature is not lower than 10℃, otherwise the leaves will fall due to freezing. I like fertile, loose and well-drained sandy loam. Australopithecus is a large indoor potted foliage tree with huge plant shape and beautiful foliage. Arranged on both sides of the door and in the center of the hall, it is light, soft and free to stretch. Place stairs or corners, full of spring and vitality. Common varieties are: var.variegata, with dark green leaves and irregular ivory markings. (2) Compact variety with short leaves and petioles, suitable for potted plants.

6. Rubber tree with mottled leaves

Also known as Indian rubber tree and banyan tree. Moraceae, Ficus. Evergreen trees, plant height 20 ~ 25m. The trunk is strong and the branches are strong. There are a lot of aerial roots on the stem, which are brownish green. Simple leaves alternate, oblong, thick leathery, dark green with irregular stripes of milky yellow and grayish green. Native to India and Malaysia, I like a warm and humid environment with plenty of sunshine and good ventilation. The optimum temperature in the growing season is 16 ~ 2 1℃, and the wintering temperature is not lower than 5℃, otherwise it is vulnerable to freezing injury. Fertile and loose slightly acidic sandy loam is suitable soil. Rubber leaves with mottled leaves are brightly colored, which are commonly used as large shade-tolerant foliage trees and excellent materials for potted display in hotel lobbies and family rooms. The south is often equipped with buildings in front, with flower beds in the middle and on both sides of the road, which is a landscape tree and has a good effect. Common ornamental and cultivated varieties are: ① cv. Doescheri, narrow leaves and green leaves, inlaid with ivory yellow irregular stripes. ② The leaves of rubber tree (var.auero-marginata) in Phnom Penh are light green and the edges are light yellow. ③ Rubber tree with red leaves. Red), the new leaves are light red, and the leaf margin is red. ④ cv。 Decora, the leaves are wide, dark green and shiny.

7. fig mosaic

Also known as mosaic vertical branch lattice. Sankoh, Shu Ge. A cultivated variety of Ficus, an evergreen shrub. Plant height 1 ~ 2m, many branches, soft and drooping branchlets. Leaves alternate, compact, leathery obovate, light green, with irregular yellow patches on veins and leaf margins. Native to India and Malaysia. I like a warm, humid and scattered environment. The optimum temperature in the growing season is 20 ~ 25℃, and the overwintering temperature is not lower than 5℃, otherwise the leaves will easily fall off due to freezing. I like fertile, loose and well-drained sandy loam. Ficus macrophylla has beautiful appearance, beautiful leaves and good shade tolerance. It is a very popular potted foliage tree species for indoor decoration at present. It is suitable for the green decoration of the halls of hotels, stations, airports and commercial buildings, elegant and luxurious. Used to decorate the family living room and study, fresh and pleasing to the eye. Cultivated varieties are: ① Ficus macrophylla (cv. Variegata), with green leaves and irregular milky yellow spots on the leaves. ② Ficus javanica. Exotica) has long bright green leaves, wavy edges and spiral tips. And cv. Starlight, cv. The golden king, and the dwarf species, cv. MiniGold and cv.MiniStar

8. Royal Sunflower

Also known as Varakunakui. Palma, Malva. Small evergreen trees, 6-8 meters high. Stem solitary, brown. The leaves are large, 1.5 ~ 3.5 meters long and 70 ~ 90 centimeters wide. They are pinnately indehiscent, bright green, silvery on the back, puberulent, with obvious pinnate veins, shallow notches at the edges, and fibrous leaf sheaths at the base of petioles. Spike, 50 cm long, with 3 ~ 4 branches. It is native to Marcos Islands and Polynesia Islands in the South Pacific. I like a hot, humid and sunny environment. Afraid of strong light, more resistant to shade. Not cold-tolerant, the optimum temperature in the growing season is 25 ~ 30℃, and the overwintering temperature is not lower than 65438 05℃. When the temperature is lower than 8℃, the leaves are easy to turn yellow. I like rich, loose and well-drained acidic sandy loam. Abelmoschus manihot is a large foliage plant. The leaves are huge and magnificent, and the leaves are not divided, which looks like a huge feather fan, which is rare in palm plants and even foliage plants. Potted plants are used in the halls of large public places, with bright colors and extraordinary styles. Small potted plants can decorate the living room, living room and study room, and green leaves and feathers are full of vitality. In the south, it is very eye-catching on both sides of parks, scenic spots or large buildings.

9. Solanum plants

Palmae, Solanum. Evergreen trees, trees up to 20 meters high. The leaves are bipinnately divided, with 14 ~ 20 pinna on both sides, which are long and drooping in the middle. Lobes thick leathery, similar to fins, long tail, nearly opposite. Leaf axis and feather axis are covered with brown hairs and scales, and petiole length is 1.5 ~ 3 meters. The leaf sheath is huge, long and cylindrical, holding the stem, about 1 m long. Native to low-altitude forests such as South China, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Yunnan, it is resistant to shade and likes to wet acidic soil. It is the most hardy species in the genus, and can withstand short-term low temperature of about -5℃. Beautiful tree shape, strange leaf shape, is a good potted greening tree species, with a hall, green leaves swaying. For example, it belongs to the tree species C.obtusa, which is found in India, northern Thailand and Xishuangbanna, China. Its origin is distributed in the mountainous area with an altitude of 100 meters, and it can withstand the low temperature of -4℃. Shrub species such as Hyriopsis cumingii and Hyriopsis cumingii are not very hardy.

10. sunflower

Palmae, Solanum. Evergreen shrubs or small trees, 5 ~ 8 meters high, with many branches at the base. The stems are yellow-green, with obvious leaf scars and bamboo-shaped. The leaves are pinnately compound, smooth and slender, with slightly curved petiole tail, linear pinnate leaflets and light green. The fruit is purple and black. Originally from Madagascar. I like high temperature, humidity and semi-cloudy environment. Not cold-tolerant, afraid of strong light, the optimum temperature for growing season is 20 ~ 25℃, and the wintering temperature is not lower than 10℃. Suitable for loose sandy loam rich in humus. Solanum nigrum has beautiful plant shape, strong bamboo charm and tropical customs, shade tolerance and convenient management, and is an excellent foliage tree species widely used. Potted plants decorated a small room, quiet and elegant. Green decoration hotels, shopping malls, stations and other public places, elegant and luxurious. In the south, it is beautifully and elegantly arranged with other tall palm landscape trees. The cut leaves are widely used as flower arranging materials. The same ornamental species is C.cabadae, with a plant height of 10 m, slender stems, enlarged bases, alternate leaves, slender and bright green leaflets and small red fruits.

1 1. bamboos

Palmae, Bambusa. Evergreen tufted shrub, the tree is about 2 meters high, and the stem is cylindrical and jointed. The leaves are palmately divided, with lobes of 4 ~ 10, sparse veins, green leaves and petiole length of 10 ~ 20cm. Var.variegata is a variety with golden stripes, which is very beautiful. South-southwest of China. I like warm, humid and semi-cloudy environment. More resistant to shade, afraid of strong light. Not cold-tolerant, the suitable temperature in the growing season is 13 ~ 18℃, and the overwintering temperature is not lower than 5℃. Suitable for fertile and well-drained slightly acidic sandy loam. Brown bamboo leaves are beautiful and tall, evergreen all the year round. Potted plants are used for indoor greening and decoration, especially suitable for the platform or background of large venues, with elegant style and elegant appearance. Homologous species: ① Parthenocissus humilis, with slightly short plants, palmately parted leaves with 7-20 lobes, light green and soft. ② Phyllostachys pubescens, with short plants, palmately 4-lobed leaves and lanceolate lobes. (3) Rosa tenuifolia, with a plant height of 65438 0 m, palmately divided leaves, 2-4 lobes, long strips and incised teeth. Especially suitable for potted green decoration in small indoor space.

12. Pocket coconut

Also known as dwarf coconut. Palmae, delicate coconut. Perennial evergreen shrub, plant height1~ 3m. The stems are slender, erect and solitary, dark green, with irregular rings. Pinnate compound leaves are inserted at the top of branches, with 20 ~ 40 leaflets, and the lobes are lanceolate, dark green and shiny. Dioecious, with erect branched spikes and bright orange-red flowers. Native to Mexico and Guatemala. I like warm, humid and semi-cloudy environment, and I am afraid of direct sunlight. Drought-tolerant, not cold-tolerant. The optimum temperature in the growing season is 18 ~ 24℃, and the wintering temperature is not lower than 10℃ ... It is suitable for fertile sandy loam with good drainage. Pocket coconut leaves are green and bright, the trees are beautiful, and potted plants decorate the corner of the stairs or bedroom, which is lively, light and full of vitality. If used in the hotel lobby or venue layout, the landscape is prosperous. Common homologous species: ① C.seifrizii, a race with stolons and tufts; Feather compound leaves, long and narrow lobes, light green. (2) C.stolonifera, a race, with a plant height of 2 meters and stolons, whose stems climb like vines; The leaves are wide and split at the top, which looks like a fish's tail. ③ Beautiful pocket coconut (Cryptocarpus elegans cv. Bella), short plant type, slow stem growth, pinnately compound leaves, wide lobes, dark green. (4) The smallest species of Palmae, C. LYSIMACHIA, is less than 1 m in height, with wide leaves and fishtail shape.

13. Canary ivy

Also known as Irish ivy. Algerian ivy. Araliaceae, ivy. Perennial evergreen rattan. The plant height is 7 ~ 10 m, the stems and branches are tender, aerial roots often grow between nodes, and the adult stems are semi-lignified. Young leaves ovate, adult leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire or palmately 3-7-lobed, leathery, and heart-shaped at the base. The leaves are all green, and the stems and petioles are reddish brown. Native to the Canary Islands. I like warm, humid and semi-cloudy environment. Cold-resistant, afraid of strong light. It needs fertile, loose and well-drained loam. The optimum temperature for growing season is 15 ~ 22℃, and the overwintering temperature is 10 ~ 15℃, which can tolerate short-term low temperature of -3℃. Canary ivy has elegant branches and leaves, which is suitable for hanging potted plants. It is an ideal material for green decoration of family rooms, balconies, window sills and flower stands, and can also be used to decorate doorways, columns and walls of hotels, shopping malls and stations, so that the landscape can stretch naturally. Its cultivated varieties. Variegata, with dark green leaves, yellowish white leaves, bright green to grayish green midrib, with blue-green patches. Homologous species: Persian ivy (H.colchica), evergreen vine, with oval or heart-shaped leaves and a diameter of 8 ~ 18 cm. Its cultivated variety: Ivy (cv. Having soft toothed leaves; Variegated ivy (cv. Dendato Variegata has dark green, grayish green and milky white stripes on its leaves, which is the largest variety of Ivy.

14. Ficus microcarpa

Also known as Xuemei and Manglietia mosaic. Moraceae, Ficus. Perennial evergreen plant, the stem and vine are about 1 m, and aerial roots are easy to grow in internodes. Oval leaves are suitable for health, dark green and leathery. The leaf margin has irregular arc notches inlaid with milky white stripes. Native to China and Japan. I like warm, humid and semi-cloudy environment. Strong cold resistance, water resistance, humidity resistance and drought resistance. I like loose sandy loam rich in organic matter. The optimum temperature in the growing season is 20 ~ 25℃, the overwintering temperature is not lower than 5℃, and it can tolerate the low temperature of -7℃ for a short time. After freezing at low temperature, the leaves fall off. Cultivar: Fargesia sagittata. Variegata, a sprawling evergreen plant, has erect primary branches and droops when it matures. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, wavy, wavy, light gray-green and ivory-edged. It usually grows in the shade of rocks, stumps or wall roots. Ficus pumila is small and exquisite in plant shape, fresh and pleasing to the eye in leaf color, upright or hung in potted plants, with good ornamental effect, suitable for study, coffee table and desk decoration, quiet and elegant. As a ground cover plant, it is planted in indoor gardens with novel landscape effect. In the United States, Ficus pumila is made into green sculptures of large animals.

15. Variable leaf wood

Also known as sprinkling golden banyan. Euphorbiaceae, alternate leaves. Perennial evergreen shrubs or small trees. The size and shape of leaves vary greatly, and the colors are yellow, red, pink, green, orange, purple and brown. The leaves are thick and smooth, petiolate and clustered at the top. Racemes, unisexual, inconspicuous, white for males and green for females. Native to Indonesia and the Pacific Islands. Like high temperature, humidity and strong light. It is suitable for high temperature above 30℃ in summer, and the wintering temperature is not lower than 15℃, otherwise it will be vulnerable to freezing and defoliation. I like fertile loam with good water retention. Variable leaf wood has various leaf shapes, rich colors and various cultivated varieties. It is the most attractive variety of foliage plants, which has the effect of "viewing leaves is not as good as viewing flowers" and is an ideal potted green decorative tree species in indoor environment. The cut leaves are an excellent foil for making garlands, flower baskets and flower arrangements. According to the change of leaf shape, the cultivated varieties are: broadleaf wood (broadleaf wood), Morinda citrifolia (big leaf wood), long leaf wood (long leaf wood), spiral wood (wrinkled leaf wood), thin leaf wood (thin leaf wood) and scattered wood (short leaf wood).

16. Elaeagnus Phnom Penh

Also known as Ma Po La in Phnom Penh. Elaeagnus angustifolia, Elaeagnus angustifolia. Elaeagnus angustifolia var., evergreen shrub. Plant height is 4 meters, with thorns. Branchlets spreading, rusty brown scales. Leaves alternate, grassy, oval to oblong, green, silvery white on the back, irregular yellow stripes on the leaf margin, and stout petiole. These flowers are silvery white. The fruit is oval and red when it is ripe. Originally from China and Japan, I like humid and sunny environment. Not only cold-resistant, but also high-temperature and heat-resistant; Both resistant to shade and not afraid of sun exposure. Drought resistance, fear of flooding. The optimum temperature in the growing season is 20 ~ 25℃, the overwintering temperature is not lower than -5℃, and it can withstand the short-term low temperature of-10℃. Fertile, loose and well-drained loam is suitable. Elaeagnus angustifolia leaves and leaves in Phnom Penh are interlaced and dazzling, and potted plants decorate rooms, halls or public places, which is absolutely beautiful. The outdoor courtyard is decorated with rocks, Chi Pan and buildings, with distinct layers and fresh feeling. It is an important colorful evergreen shrub in southern urban gardens and scenic spots. Old piles can be used as bonsai, which is a fine product for viewing leaves and fruits. Common varieties are: ① Elaeagnus angustifolia (var.fredericii) with narrow leaves, yellowish center and dark green leaves. (2) Elaeagnus heterophylla, with yellow-white leaves and green in the middle. (3) Elaeagnus rotundus with large oval leaves and white back.

17. mosaic cassava

Also known as mottled cassava. Euphorbiaceae, cassava. Cassava variety, erect shrub, plant height 1.5 ~ 2m. The tuberous root is fleshy and long. Palmate leaves are deeply divided into 3 ~ 7 pieces, and the split almost reaches the base. Lobes are lanceolate, entire, green, with irregular yellow patches in the center and red petioles. Native to tropical America. Like warm sunshine, tolerant of semi-shade, not afraid of cold and frost. The optimum temperature in the growing season is 25 ~ 30℃, and the overwintering temperature is not lower than 65438 05℃. It needs fertile, loose, slightly acidic loam with good drainage. Cassava mosaic, palmately split leaves, colorful and charming. Potted plants decorate balconies, windowsills and small gardens, which are beautiful and charming. Large potted beautiful hotels, shopping malls, stations and other public places, the atmosphere is festive and joyful, making people linger. Outdoor configuration Nanting, Chi Pan, strange rocks and other places, the landscape is very pleasant. Common homologous species: Dioscorea zingiberensis, peltate leaves, entire, gray-green leaves, prominent veins and pink.

18. Peacock wood

Also known as the hand tree. Araliaceae, Araliaceae. Small evergreen trees or shrubs. The plant height can reach 8 meters, and the stems and petioles are purplish red with milky white markings. Palmately compound leaves alternate, 7 ~ 1 1 lobule, leathery, linear, finger-shaped, leaf margin coarsely serrated, midvein obvious, leaves smooth and dark green. Native to Australia and the Pacific Islands. Like warm and humid environment, not cold-resistant. I like light, but I can't stand direct glare. The optimum temperature in the growing season is 18 ~ 20℃, the overwintering temperature is not lower than 10℃, and the adult plants can tolerate the low temperature of 5℃. The air humidity is kept at about 40%, and the leaves grow luxuriantly. Suitable for fertile and loose sandy loam. Peacock tree is a rare and precious foliage plant with beautiful tree shape and elegant leaf shape. Seedlings are suitable for potted viewing and are often used in the layout of rooms, halls and hotels. Adult plants, with courtyards in the south, combined with pools, sketches, rock piles, etc. What is natural and what is natural. It can also be used as a landscape tree in parks and scenic spots. Common species and varieties are as follows: ① D. D.elegantissima cv. Ricinus communis has palmately compound leaves with 3-5 leaflets, which are relatively wide. ② Cryptocarpus elegans. Mottled leaves, palmately compound leaves, dark green leaflets with yellow and white spots. (3) D. Veitch II, a shrub with long and narrow leaves, grayish green, dark red and pink ribs around the lobules; The variety D. D.veitchii war.gracillima has narrow leaflets and white midvein.

Bonsai tree is a wonderful flower of miniature application of bonsai tree. Bonsai is a traditional art in China. It uses plants, rocks, soil, water and other materials, through artistic treatment and garden processing, to concentrate and typically express the beauty of nature, to express feelings with scenery, to swing the far-reaching landscape painting axis, and to pursue the artistic effect of shrinking an inch and seeing the big from the small. Bonsai with natural plants as the main material has natural charm and life characteristics, is a model of organic combination of natural beauty and artistic beauty, and is a living artwork.

Bonsai originated in China and has a long history. As early as the Yin and Zhou Dynasties more than 3,000 years ago, ornamental plants were planted and gardens were made in imitation of mountains and forests. According to archaeological findings, there are potted flowers on the murals of Wang Du in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-220). The murals of handmaids holding bonsai in the tomb of Prince Zhang Huai in Ganling, Shaanxi Province (built in 706 AD) show that bonsai cultivation has basically taken shape in the early Tang Dynasty. The unprecedented development of painting art in Song Dynasty (960- 1279) promoted the improvement of bonsai technology and the perfection of its shape, and it has formed two categories: landscape bonsai and tree bonsai. China bonsai spread to Japan in the Southern Song Dynasty and to the West in the early 20th century. Today, it has become a worldwide art of tree cultivation ... In recent 20 years, China bonsai has participated in exhibitions held in France, Japan, the United States, Britain, Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, Denmark, Italy, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Singapore and other countries, as well as Hong Kong and Macao. China bonsai workers have been invited to participate in international bonsai academic conferences for many times and give demonstration performances abroad. The plastic arts of China bonsai with distinctive national style have had a far-reaching impact on the world bonsai. The export of bonsai in China is increasing year by year, and bonsai gardens all over China receive many international tourists every year, which has played a positive role in promoting international cultural exchanges. China Huaya Bonsai Association was established in 198 1, and China Bonsai Artists Association was established in 1988, which effectively promoted the popularization and improvement of China Bonsai, and many cities built special bonsai gardens. Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agriculture and Forestry has established several provincial-level bonsai demonstration bases, and the personal collection gardens of bonsai lovers have also increased, which has developed the commodity production of bonsai and met the needs of domestic and foreign markets.

China bonsai can be divided into tree bonsai, landscape bonsai, flood and drought bonsai, flower bonsai, miniature bonsai, wall-hung bonsai and special-shaped bonsai according to different creative materials, performance objects and modeling characteristics.

Tree bonsai takes woody species as the main material, and expresses natural trees and forests in the basin through technical treatment and horticultural cultivation. The shapes of tree bonsai can be divided into straight stems, inclined stems, lying stems, bent stems, double stems, multi-stems, hanging branches, vines, jungles, connecting roots, lifting roots, facing water, sticking stones, sticking wood, withered peaks and cliffs. Landscape bonsai is mainly natural rocks, carefully selected and processed, and placed in shallow water basin to show the natural landscape. The shapes of landscape bonsai mainly include solitary peak, double peak, multi-peak, offset, strewn at random, opening and closing, cliff, canyon and other styles.

Flood and drought bonsai is the product of the combination of landscape bonsai and tree bonsai. It uses plants, rocks, water and soil and other materials to express natural landscapes such as water surface, dry land, trees and rocks in the basin. The shapes of flood and drought bonsai are common in waterside, streams, rivers and lakes, islands and other styles. The bonsai of flowers and plants is mainly made of herbs with stones for landscaping. Miniature bonsai is defined by volume, which means that the height of trees or the length of pots are below 10 cm. Wall-hung bonsai is an upright landscape form hanging vertically on the wall. Special-shaped bonsai is to shape and process plants in special vessels.

China bonsai is famous for its poems and paintings, and its excellent works are thought-provoking. "Nature is made by foreign teachers, and the heart comes from China" is an important principle of bonsai creation. It is important to come from nature, draw creative materials from it, transcend nature and reproduce the natural landscape from the inside.

Bonsai creation must be based on the characteristics of natural materials, deal with the materials according to the situation, and determine how to shape and express the theme, so that the works can achieve the organic combination of natural beauty and artistic beauty. First of all, the layout should be "clearly defined" and the main body should be highlighted by contrast and contrast; "Seeking simplicity from complexity" captures the characteristics of the scenery and makes the thought more concentrated and typical. Thirdly, the layout should be "virtual and real", so that viewers have free imagination space; "Dynamic and static contrast" makes the work show vitality and momentum. Bonsai art, too peaceful and boring, too natural. Through the changes of height, ups and downs, density and opening and closing, it shows a kind of rhythm and rhythm, and the ministries expect each other and combine organically to convey people's emotions and enhance the expressive force of the works. "The more hidden the scene, the greater the realm, the more exposed the scene and the smaller the realm." The scenery in the basin can't be clear at a glance, but should be hidden in the dew, which is conducive to the creation of artistic conception and arouses the viewer's deep thinking.

If bonsai wants to see the big from the small, it must follow the perspective method. The volume and scale of the scenery should be appropriate and natural, so as to reflect the ornamental effect of seeing the big from the small. The bonsai art should not only reflect the face of natural scenery realistically, but also show the vivid expression and unique personality of the scenery, so as to achieve the realm of "both form and spirit". Only when the scenery is endless and the meaning is endless can it make people think deeply and never tire of seeing it. The naming of works can expand and extend the artistic conception that works can express, play the role of "finishing touch", sublimate the theme of works and improve the appreciation value.

Beautiful bonsai must be matched with pots of moderate size, suitable depth, matching styles, harmonious colors and suitable texture in order to become a perfect bonsai art. Purple sand pots and glazed pottery pots are mostly used in tree bonsai, and large stone pots are also commonly used. There are water holes at the bottom of the basin to facilitate drainage. Potted soil should be selected according to the biological characteristics of tree species. Different bonsai tree species have different requirements for soil physical and chemical properties, but generally they need fertile and loose substrates rich in humus, which is beneficial to the normal growth and development of trees.

The selection of bonsai tree species is generally based on intertwined, dense branches and leaves, beautiful posture and bright colors. It would be better if there were flowers and fruits. At the same time, it is required to have biological characteristics such as germination, strong branches, pruning resistance, easy modeling and long life. At present, there are about 100 ~ 200 kinds of bonsai materials used in China, which can be roughly divided into: ① Conifers: Pinus pentaphylla, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus ponderosa, Sabina vulgaris, Sabina vulgaris, Podocarpus, Taxus chinensis and Taxus australis. ② Miscellaneous trees: elm, boxwood, brome, murraya murraya, Pu Shu, Fujian tea, etc. (3) Leaves: Acer truncatum, Acer truncatum, Ginkgo biloba, etc. ④ Flowers and trees: sessile begonia, Xifu begonia, plum blossom, Chimonanthus praecox, rhododendron, etc. Fruit trees: pomegranate, pyracantha, marble, persimmon, bergamot, etc. ⑥ Vines: Vitis amurensis, Wisteria, Lingxiao and Changchun.