From Shang Yang to Qin's unification of China, which monarchs were there in turn?

Qin Xiaogong, Qin Huiwen, Qin Wuwang, Qin Zhaoxiang, Emperor Xiaowen of Qin and Qin Shihuang were in turn.

1. In the period of Qin Xiaogong, Shang Yang was reused.

Shang Yang, a patriotic man, was originally named Wei Yang.

Wei Yang, a patriotic man, entered Qin and taught filial piety to be overbearing. Filial piety was very happy, pushed through public opinions, and took Wei Yang as a big example to implement political reform.

Wei Yang completely abolished the old stone-clearing system, established a new autocratic centralized system, and promoted the county system to strengthen centralized power, attaching importance to agricultural products, resulting in a prosperous scene of "giving enough to others". The people of the whole country are ashamed of private wars, thinking that the country is proud of its military achievements, and its combat effectiveness is constantly increasing. Wei Jun has been defeated in repeated wars, and Qin, a rich country in Qiang Bing, became the most powerful country at the end of the Warring States Period, and stood out in the west. Historical records record: "Nineteen years of filial piety, the son of heaven is a servant." King Xian of Zhou named Qin Jun as Fang Bo, which officially acknowledged his hegemony. 338 years ago, after the death of Qin Xiaogong, the prince established himself as the King of Qin Huiwen. In order to ease the contradiction, King Huiwen of Qin took Shang Yang as a scapegoat and split him. Although Shang Yang died, "Qin Law was not defeated". King Huiwen of Qin continued to pursue the national policy since Shang Yang's political reform and develop externally.

2. During Qin Huiwen's reign, Qi Huangong (Qin), Gongsun Yan (Wei), Zhang Yi (Wei), Andy (Wei) and Sima Cuo (Qin) were reused.

(1) Chi Liji (Qin people)

In 3 18 BC, Wei, Zhao, Han, Yan and Chu jointly attacked Qin, and King Huiwen of Qin sent generals to kill Wei, Zhao and Han, beheading 80,000. In the first 325 years, Qin Huiwen was king. Qin Jun continued to defeat Wei Jun repeatedly, then broke the Sanjin to attack the Qin allied forces, and joined the Han and Wei to attack Qi and Chu, trounced Yiqu and annexed Bashu, thus mastering the strategic initiative against Shandong governors.

② Gongsun Yan (Wei)

In 330 BC, Qin asked Gongsun Yan to break Wei Jun in Diaoyin (now south of Ganquan County, Shaanxi Province), and Wei gave it to Qin in Hexi. In 329 BC, Wei was attacked and Fenyang (now southwest of Wanrong County, Shanxi Province), Pishi (now Hejin County, Shanxi Province) and Jiaoqu (now southwest of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province) were taken. The following year, he attacked Wei and took Wei Puyang (now Xixian County, Shaanxi Province). After several powerful offensives, Wei was forced to cede 15 county (now northeast Shaanxi) to Qin. From then on, Qin not only annexed all the territory west of the Yellow River of Wei, but also established an eastward position on the east bank of the Yellow River.

(3) Zhang Yi (Wei Guoren)

Zhang Yi initiated Lian Heng's diplomatic strategy and lobbied for Qin. King Hui of Qin named Zhang Yi as Prime Minister. Later, Zhang Yi sent envoys to lobby the vassal states to break the "vertical" by "horizontal", so that countries in Lian Heng changed from joint vertical resistance to pro-Qin. Therefore, Zhang Yi was named Wu Xinjun by the King of Qin.

④ (Wei)

Andy was a general of the State of Qin during the Warring States Period. In 3 12 BC, with the help of Li's illness, the Chu army was defeated in Danyang (now the northern part of Danshui in western Henan), and the generals were captured, beheaded by 80 thousand, and seized the land of Hanzhong. Qin Huiwen was the pawn of the king, and Prince Qin Wuwang was appointed. Qin Chu was appointed Prime Minister and was expelled together with Zhang Yi. Gan Mao and Gilliji were appointed as left and right prime ministers respectively.

⑤ Sima Cuo (Qin)

In the ninth year of Qin Huiwen's reign (3 16 BC), Sima Cuo led an army to destroy Shu. In the twenty-seventh year of Qin Zhaoxiang (280 BC), Sima Cuo led the Longxi Army to attack Chu from south to east, forcing Chu to give up the land of Shangyong (now northwest Hubei) north of Hanshui River.

3. Qin Wuwang

Less than four years in office. Qin Wuwang has strength and likes games, so strongman, Wu Huo and Meng Shuo are all in high positions. Meng Zhiding broke his leg. In August of the same year, when he died, the courtiers killed Meng and called him the whole family. Married a Wei woman as the queen, but she didn't have a son, so her half-brother, Ji, the son who was taken hostage in Yan, returned to China to succeed him as the king of Qin.

4. Qin

In the early days of Qin's rule, his mother was proclaimed in office and his wife was the prime minister. There is a saying in history that "Wang Shao and Empress Xuan were autonomous and Wei Ran was in power, which made A Qin a lofty country". Wei Ran recommended Bai Qi as a general, and defeated Sanjin, Qi, Chu and other countries successively, and gained Hedong and Nanyang of Wei, Guizhou and Du Ying of Chu (now northwest of Jiangling, Hubei).

In the forty-first year of Qin dynasty, he listened to Wei's words, seized the right to declare the queen's peace, worshipped him as prime minister, and changed to the strategy of making friends far away and attacking near.

(1) Wei Ran (Truman)

Wei Ran, his name is Mao Hou. Ministers of Qin State during the Warring States Period. Xuan Di's half-brother, uncle of the king of Qin. He has been in office since Hui Wang's time. Qin Wuwang died lifting a tripod at the age of 23. He has no son, and his brothers are vying for the position. With great strength, Wei Ran established the Zhao Haoqi of Qin, and also helped Zhao Haoqi of Qin eliminate his competitors.

Since then, Wei Ran has monopolized power in the State of Qin by virtue of his special relationship with Zhao Haoqi. He served as the prime minister of the Qin Dynasty for four times in his life, with many party members, and won the favor of Emperor Xuandi.

As a general, Zeng Baoqi attacked the city and marched eastward, defeating the "Three Jin" and Qiang Chu, and achieved outstanding results, making him the commander-in-chief of "propping up rivers and mountains, encircling the girders, and making the princes gather their hands and serve Qin".

In 65438 BC+year 10 month, that is, in 288 BC, Zhao Haoqi of Qin sent Wei Ran to Qi, and Qi Wang and Zhao Haoqi proclaimed themselves emperors at the same time. Qin is the western emperor and Qi is the eastern emperor. They are going to unite five countries to attack Zhao and divide Zhao into three parts. However, Qin's Lian Heng strategy failed and was destroyed by Su Qin's alliance.

In 284 BC, Qin, Han, Zhao, Wei and Yan joined forces to break the Qi Dynasty. He pretended to be the army of Qin, and concentrated on attacking Qi, seizing it, keeping it as his own and expanding his power. Because of his power, he was unpopular and posed a serious threat to the regime of the king of Qin. In the first 266 years, he was deposed by the King of Qin and moved to a feudal city outside Shanhaiguan, where he was replaced by Fan Ju. Finally, he "lost his job and died of anxiety" in ceramics.

(2) Rong Rong (? -262 BC), also known as Xin Rong, Chu people, uncle of Qin. The reason why he was named Hou was mainly because he worked for his sister, Mrs Qin, and his half brother, Mr Chu. Her sister, Mrs Qin, was in power for a long time, forming a pattern of pro-party dictatorship, which broke the convention that the State of Qin reused guests. It is also called "four expensive" with Gao Lingjun, Jingyangjun and Jean Wei.

③ Fan Ju? -255 years ago), Zi Shu, wei ren in the Warring States Period, was a famous politician, strategist and prime minister of Qin State. Because his fief is in Yingcheng, it is also called "Yinghou".

After meeting with Fan Ju, he put forward the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near" and attacked the practice of attacking Qi by crossing South Korea and Wei. He advocated that Han and Wei should be the main targets of Qin's annexation, while maintaining good relations with Qi. Fan Sui was worshipped as a guest. Later, he reminded Zhao Haoqi that the kingship of Qin was too weak and needed to be strengthened. Before 266, Zhao Haoqi of Qin dynasty deposed the Empress Dowager, and drove four domestic big noble out of Hangu Pass, worshiping Fan Ju as his relative.

5. Qin,

Also known as An Guo Jun, the second son of Qin Zhaoxiang, the grandfather of Qin Shihuang and the monarch of the Warring States Period. It's only three days since I officially took office.

In 250 BC, King Xiaowen of Qin ordered the pardon of sinners, commended the former king for his meritorious service, gave preferential treatment to clan relatives and demolished the king's house. 250 years ago, King Xiaowen of Qin held a ceremony to change the Yuan Dynasty to the throne in Zhuan Xu, Qin. Three days later, he died at his father's funeral and was buried in Shouling (now northeast of Lintong District, Xi, Shaanxi Province). His son Qin Zhuangxiang succeeded to the throne.

6. Qinzhuang Wang Xiang

Less than four years after taking office. Reuse Lv Buwei.

(1) Lv Buwei (patriotic)

Lv Buwei (292- 235) was born in Puyang (now hua county, Anyang City, Henan Province). At the end of the Warring States period, a famous businessman, politician and thinker was the prime minister of Qin.

In 25 1 year BC, Qin Wangxiang died, and Prince An succeeded Qin Xiaowen, who died a year later. Chu Jun won the throne of Zi Chu, that is, the king of Qin Zhuang. In the first 249 years, Lv Buwei was the prime minister, with 100,000 households, 3,000 diners and 10,000 family members in Luoyang, Henan. When King Zhuang Xiang died, the young prince was king, and Lv Buwei was prime minister. The so-called "Guan Zhong" was arbitrary in state affairs.

Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals (also known as Lu Lan), which was compiled in charge, has more than 200,000 words in the twelfth dynasty after eight readings and six readings, and integrates the theories of pre-Qin philosophers and the method of combining Confucianism with Mohism, so it is called a "saint" in history. If you hang it abroad after writing and claim to be able to change a word, you will be rewarded with 1000 yuan. This is "golden jade and good words".

When he was in office, he seized the land of Zhou, Zhao and Wei, and established Sanchuan, Taiyuan and Dong Jun, which made great contributions to the cause of Qin Wang's annexation of the six countries. Later, because of the rebellion of Laoai Group, he was removed from the post of Prime Minister and lived in a fief in Henan. Soon, the king of Qin ordered his family to move to Shu. Lv Buwei was afraid of being killed, so he drank.

7. Qin Shihuang

After Qin came to power, Ren, Li Si and others actively promoted the unification strategy.

(1) Li Si (about 284 BC-208 BC), a native, surnamed Si, has ancient characters. At the end of the Warring States Period, Chu was a native of Shangcai (now Shangcai, Henan). A famous politician, writer and calligrapher in the Qin Dynasty.

Reese was a small official in the county in his early years [2], and later he came to Xunzi to learn the art of emperors and entered the Qin Dynasty. At first, he was appointed as Lang [3]. Later, he persuaded the king of Qin to destroy the princes, became emperor and was appointed as a long history. The king of Qin adopted his strategy and sent advisers to lobby the six countries of Kanto with precious jade, alienating the princes and ministers of various countries and making them guests and ministers. The King of Qin reigned for ten years (the first 237 years), and because the North Korean spy Zheng Guo entered the State of Qin, the King of Qin ordered the expulsion of six ministers. Li Si's book of remonstrance and expulsion was adopted by the king of Qin, and soon the official arrived at Ting Wei [8]. It played a great role in the political destruction of the six countries by the king of Qin. After Qin unified the world, he agreed with Wang Wan and Feng Jie to respect Qin as emperor, and formulated relevant etiquette systems. Be appointed as prime minister. He suggested dismantling the county wall and destroying civilian weapons; Oppose the enfeoffment system and adhere to the county system; He also advocated burning hundreds of languages, such as poems and books collected by the people, and banning private schools to strengthen centralized rule. He also participated in the formulation of laws to unify the system of tracks, characters and weights and measures. The implementation of Lisi's political thought has had a far-reaching impact on China and the world, and laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than two thousand years.

After the death of Qin Shihuang, he conspired with Zhao Gao to forge a will, forcing Fu Su, the eldest son of the first emperor, to commit suicide, and made Hu Hai, the youngest son, the second emperor. Later, it was taboo by Zhao Gao. In the second year of Qin Ershi's reign (the first 208 years), he was beheaded in Xianyang City, and the three clans fell together.

(2) Liao Wei (Wei Guoren)

The year of birth and death is unknown. Wei (now Kaifeng, Henan) was born. I don't know my last name, but I'm famous. In the tenth year of Qin dynasty (237 BC), I went to Qin to lobby. After being appointed captain of the national team, I changed my name to Wei film.

He made great contributions to the unification of the six countries by Ying Zheng, King of Qin, and advocated "combining with the masses and taking one system as the basis". According to legend, Andy knew face divination. At the beginning of appreciating him, Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, decided that Ying Zheng was strong and resolute, and he could be humble and sincere when asking for things from others. But when he was offended, he became extremely cruel and showed no mercy to the enemy. Andy thinks that such Ying Zheng lacks the kindness to take care of the people all over the world, and has tried to escape from the residence arranged by Ying Zheng for him many times.

(3) Wang Jian (Qin)

During the Warring States Period, Qin was a famous soldier, a native of Yangdong Township (now northeast of Fuping, Shaanxi Province), and an outstanding strategist in the Qin Dynasty. His main achievement is to destroy Handan, the capital of Zhao, and Yanzhao. Destroy Chu with most of Qin's troops. Together with his son Wang Ben, he became the greatest contributor to Qin Shihuang's destruction of the Six Kingdoms. His outstanding military command ability made him, together with Bai Qi, Li Mu and Lian Po, known as the four great generals of the Warring States Period.