The custom of every upright person.

The customs and diet of the twenty-four solar terms;

1, beginning of spring, commonly known as "Da Chun". The ancient custom in beginning of spring is not only an ancient solar term, but also an important festival. At the beginning of spring, the son of heaven will personally lead the prince and the doctor to welcome the spring in the eastern suburbs and issue a kind order. At the beginning of spring, an old man was selected from the village to symbolically whip the cattle in spring three times, which means the beginning of a year's agriculture. Folk artists make many small mud cows, which are called "spring cows".

Give it to all families, this is called "send it to spring". The owner should pay the person who sends the spring water. More essentially, it is a holiday sales activity, but everyone is happy. In some places, there is a yellow paper with a picture of a spring cow on the wall. Yellow stands for land, and spring cattle stands for farming, commonly known as "Spring Cattle Map". During the Spring Festival, people are used to eating carrots, ginger, onions and bread, which is called "biting spring".

Rain not only indicates the beginning and increase of rainfall, but also indicates the rise of temperature. It was cold before it rained. After the rain, the spring breeze warms up, and pathogenic bacteria and viruses are easy to spread with the wind, so infectious diseases tend to break out in spring. We should protect ourselves, pay attention to exercise, strengthen our resistance and prevent diseases.

In the rainy solar terms, the humid atmosphere gradually rises, and dew and frost appear in the morning. Therefore, in view of such climate characteristics, diet recuperation should be based on conditioning the spleen and stomach, expelling wind and removing dampness. Because the climate is cold at this time, it can be supplemented appropriately, such as honey, jujube, yam and tremella, which are all suitable for this solar term.

3. Shocking, symbolizing that in early February, it will be a thunder, which will wake up all hibernating snakes, insects, rats and ants, and reptiles and ants at home will also get up and look for food everywhere. Therefore, in ancient times, people would smoke the four corners of their homes with incense and wormwood to drive away snakes, insects, mosquitoes, rats and musty smells. Over time, it gradually evolved into the habit of slapping unhappy people and driving away bad luck, which is the predecessor of "beating villains".

The season of fright is warm and cold, and the climate is relatively dry, which makes people thirsty and cough due to exogenous factors. Raw pears are cold and sweet, and have the effects of moistening the lungs and relieving cough, nourishing yin and clearing heat. There is a folk custom of eating pears to win by surprise. In addition, patients with cough can also eat lotus seeds, loquat, Siraitia grosvenorii and other foods to relieve pain. Diet should be light, and it is best not to eat greasy food. Irritating foods such as peppers, onions and garlic should also be eaten less.

4, the vernal equinox, the vernal equinox solar terms are generally on March 20 or 2 1 day of the Gregorian calendar. On the day of the vernal equinox, day and night are divided into 65,438+02 hours on average, and the vernal equinox is equally distributed in the three months of spring (from beginning of spring to Changchun). Some people say that "the vernal equinox and the autumnal equinox are equally divided day and night", so the vernal equinox is also called "day and day".

Start sweeping graves to worship ancestors, also known as the Spring Festival. In the old days, there was a custom of "eating spring vegetables at the vernal equinox". Spring vegetable is a kind of wild amaranth, also known as wormwood. In Jiangnan, the custom of watching cattle and offering sacrifices to birds is very popular.

5. Sweeping graves and chasing ancestors on Qingming Festival has a long history and has become a habit. Sweeping the grave is also called sweeping the grave, offering sacrifices and going to the grave. Tomb-Sweeping Day visited the grave because he was in shock, the vernal equinox had passed, the snow and ice melted and the plants sprouted. People think about the graves of ancestors, whether foxes and rabbits have pierced holes, and whether they will collapse because of the rainy season. So on the one hand, they went to the grave to remove weeds, trim branches and add some shovel to the grave.

On the other hand, prepare some sacrifices, burn some paper money, hang some notes on the branches and hold a simple ceremony to show the memory of the deceased. On this day in ancient times, people got together to make friends, help the old and take care of the young, and went to the suburbs for a good spring outing. Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, there were many traditional colorful cultural and sports activities, such as tug-of-war, swinging, flying kites, playing polo and fighting cocks.

6. Grain Rain, which means "Rain hits a hundred valleys". In Jiangnan, the peony flower is commonly known as "Grain Rain Flower". Because it blooms on Grain Rain Festival, there is a proverb "Grain Rain visited the peony in three dynasties". Wherever there are flowers, literati and poets visit and hold banquets to enjoy them, which is called the "Flower Festival". For fishermen, the custom of offering sacrifices to the sea is popular in Grain Rain Festival.

According to the custom of picking tea in southern Grain Rain, it is said that drinking tea on this day in Grain Rain will clear fire and ward off evil spirits and improve eyesight. Therefore, no matter what the weather is in Grain Rain, people will go to Chashan to pick some new tea to drink.

7. In the long summer, in the old society, five-color beans such as red beans, soybeans, black beans and mung beans were mixed with white japonica rice to cook "five-color rice", but later it evolved into glutinous rice cooked with Japanese bean meat, and the dishes were composed of amaranth and yellow croaker soup, which was called "long summer rice". Boiled eggs with black tea or walnut shells are called "long summer eggs" and fed to each other.

Weave the egg cover with colored thread and hang it on the child's chest or curtain. Children usually play the game of eating eggs and beating eggs, relying on long summer eggs to play, and beating the eggshell firmly but not broken wins. As the saying goes, "children don't suffer from summer if they have an egg hanging on their chest in summer." Summer onset is common abdominal distension, anorexia, fatigue and emaciation in summer, especially in children. Now there are five-color silk ropes for children, which are called "long summer ropes".

8. Xiaoman, there is a folk proverb in South China called "Xiaoman Manhe", which reflects the climatic characteristics of heavy rainfall in this area. The temperature has obviously increased and the rainfall has increased. The temperature will drop sharply after the rain, so pay attention to adding clothes and don't catch a cold.

Xiaoman is the prone period of wet skin diseases, so the diet should be based on refreshing and light vegetarian food, and often eat foods with the function of clearing away dampness and heat, such as red beans, mung beans, wax gourd, cucumber, day lily, cress, auricularia auricula, carrots and tomatoes.

9. Miscanthus refers to the maturity of crops with awns such as wheat. The custom of offering sacrifices to the god of flowers on the day of planting awns. There is a custom of boiling plum with ebony, which has existed since the Xia Dynasty. Plums can be cooked in many ways. The simple method is to boil them with sugar, or mix them with dried plums to leach the plum juice.

It is also useful to cook plum juice with salt or mix dried plums with salt to make plum juice leach out. Adding perilla inside is more elegant. Mume produced in northern China is very famous. When it is cooked with licorice, hawthorn and rock sugar, it is made into a good summer product-sour plum soup.

10, the summer solstice, although the day is the longest and the sun angle is the highest, it is not the hottest time of the year. Solstice is the earliest festival in China. Before the Qing dynasty, there was a national festival on the solstice of summer. I went home to reunite with my relatives and have a drink. It is popular in Guangdong that "dogs have nowhere to hide in summer solstice"

There is a local saying that eating dog meat on the solstice in summer can ward off evil spirits, strengthen the body and resist the plague. "Eat dog meat from summer to sun, and the west wind detours", which means that as long as people eat dog meat from summer to sun, their bodies can resist the attack of westerly storms, catch fewer colds and be healthy. It is based on this beautiful wish that the unique folk food culture of "dog meat from summer to the sun" came into being.

1 1, Xiao Xia, in the past, there was a folk custom of "eating new rice", that is, after Xiao Xia, farmers ground the newly cut rice into rice, cooked rice was offered to the five grain gods and ancestors for sacrifice, and then everyone tasted new wine. It is said that "eating new things" means "eating new things", which is the first new day after the summer festival. Cities generally buy a small amount of new rice for cooking in old rice, plus newly listed vegetables.

Therefore, there is a folk saying that millet is eaten in summer and grain is eaten in summer. As the saying goes: Monopterus albus participates in summer. Monopterus albus was born in a mud hole on the seashore, and the summer eel is the most nourishing and delicious one month before and after the summer heat. Summer is often the remission period of chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases, while Monopterus albus is warm and sweet, and has the functions of invigorating the middle warmer, benefiting qi, nourishing the liver and spleen, expelling wind and dampness, and strengthening bones and muscles.

According to the theory of winter disease and summer tonic, the best food in summer is Monopterus albus. Monopterus albus has higher protein content, more than twice the iron content of carp and yellow croaker, and contains many minerals and vitamins. Monopterus albus can also reduce the concentration of cholesterol in blood, prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases caused by arteriosclerosis, and also have a good effect on diarrhea caused by indigestion.

12, summer heat, usually on July 22nd or 23rd of Gregorian calendar. Summer means heat, and summer is the hottest solar term in a year. Make up three or nine in winter and three days in summer. The nutritional components of poultry meat are mainly protein, followed by fat, microorganisms and minerals. Compared with livestock meat, poultry meat is a low-fat and high-protein food, and its protein is also a high-quality protein.

Birds such as chickens, ducks and pigeons are the best choice for summer tonic. . Taiwan Province Province folk proverb: Eat pineapple in summer, saying that pineapple is the best in this season.

13, beginning of autumn, usually on August 7th or 8th of Gregorian calendar. Autumn means that summer is cool and autumn begins. In the early autumn of the Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Tiandi personally led the princes and doctors of San Gong Jiu Qing to the western suburbs to welcome the autumn and hold a sacrificial ceremony. In the Han Dynasty, this custom was followed, and animals were sacrificed to show Qiu Lai's intention to promote martial arts. People have the custom of predicting whether the weather will be cold or hot when they are in beginning of autumn.

There is a folk saying: eggplant grows in summer, and beginning of autumn eats eggplant. Early autumn is a good time to eat eggplant. Folk custom beginning of autumn put melons, steamed preserved eggplant and delicious glutinous soup in the yard the day before, and beginning of autumn ate them.

14, during the summer vacation, there will be folk activities to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, commonly known as "July 30th" or "Mid-Autumn Festival". In the old days, there was a ceremony to open the gate of hell from the beginning of July until the gate of hell closed at the end of the month, and Purdue giving activities were held.

It is said that Purdue activities started with the opening of the gate of hell, and then lanterns were erected and river lanterns were set off, causing lonely souls and wild ghosts; The main body is to build Pudu altar, build solitary shed, and intervene in robbing orphans. Finally, it ends with closing the gate of hell. Today, it has become the main activity time for ancestor worship. ? Worshipping ancestors to welcome autumn in summer is mostly related to the folk customs before and after the solar terms.

15, Bailu, that is, around September 7 of the Gregorian calendar every year. The temperature began to drop and the weather turned cold. Yang Qi reached its peak in the summer solstice, and these two extremes must be reversed, and Yin Qi also rose at this time. When it comes to the White Dew, the yin gradually increases, and the morning dew gradually thickens and condenses into a layer of white water drops, so it is called the White Dew.

The Millennium solar term is the beginning of the really cool season. Many people blindly emphasize the tonic of seafood and meat when recuperating their bodies, ignoring seasonal diseases, which have caused harm to themselves and their families. Nasal diseases, asthma and bronchial diseases should be avoided in the Millennium solar terms. Usually, you should eat less or no fish, shrimp and seafood, and stew pickles and spicy, sour, salty and sweet foods.

16, the autumnal equinox solar terms, usually on September 22nd or 23rd every year. The climate in the south began to decline from this solar term. According to the lunar calendar, "beginning of autumn" is the beginning of autumn and ends with "the first frost", and the "vernal equinox" is just half of the 90-day journey from beginning of autumn to the first frost. At the autumnal equinox, many areas in our country hold folk activities of "laying eggs vertically".

17, in the cold dew season, Nanling and the vast area to the north have entered autumn, and the northeast and northwest regions have entered winter or are about to enter winter. In addition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which snows all the year round, snowfall generally begins in northeast and northern Xinjiang.

Cold dew diet should be based on a balanced diet of five flavors. According to the individual's specific situation, eating more sweet and moist food can not only replenish the spleen and stomach, but also moisten the lungs and intestines to prevent dry throat. Fruits include pears, persimmons and bananas. Vegetables include carrots, wax gourd, lotus root, tremella and beans, fungi, kelp and seaweed.

Eat warm food for breakfast, and it is best to drink hot medicinal porridge, because both japonica rice and glutinous rice have good functions of strengthening the spleen and stomach and invigorating the middle qi, such as sugarcane porridge, Yuzhu porridge, Adenophora adenophora porridge, raw porridge, Yuzhu porridge and so on. Middle-aged and elderly people and patients with chronic diseases should eat more red dates, lotus seeds, yams, ducks, fish, meat and other foods.

18, the first frost means that the weather is getting colder and first frost begins. The first frost is the last solar term in autumn when the sun is at 2 10 on the 23rd or 24th of October in the solar calendar. The first frost, health care is particularly important. There is a folk proverb that "it is better to make up the first frost once a year", which shows the influence of this solar term on us. The first frost solar term is the peak period of recurrence of chronic gastritis and gastroduodenal ulcer.

The elderly are also very prone to "old cold legs" (knee osteoarthritis), and chronic bronchitis is also prone to recurrence or aggravation. At this time, you should eat more pears, apples, ginkgo, onions and mustard (potherb mustard). Chestnut has the effects of nourishing stomach and strengthening spleen, tonifying kidney and strengthening tendons, promoting blood circulation and stopping bleeding, relieving cough and resolving phlegm, and it is a good tonic at this time.

Frost is spread all over vegetation and rocks, commonly known as frosting. Frosted vegetables such as spinach and wax gourd are particularly delicious, and frosted fruits such as grapes are particularly sweet. The ancients generally ate mutton and rabbit meat in autumn. ?

19, beginning of winter, not only represents the coming of winter, but completely speaking, beginning of winter means the beginning of winter, and everything is collected, which means avoiding the cold. Beginning of winter is a big festival in October during the Han and Wei Dynasties. On this day, the Emperor of Heaven will personally lead the ministers to meet the winter weather, commend and support the martyrs who died for their country and their families, ask the deceased to bless their lives, and encourage the people to resist the plunder and invasion of foreign undertakings or hungry bandits.

Among the people, there are customs such as ancestor worship, feasting and divination of the elderly. In order to fulfill our obligations and responsibilities to future generations, we pray that God will give us a bumper harvest year in the coming year, and farmers themselves will be rewarded with drinking water and rest. Although there is no such thing as hibernation, there is a folk custom of making up for winter in beginning of winter.

20. Light snow is a festival that reflects weather phenomena. There is little snow, and there is no snow on the ground. This is the original meaning of the solar term "light snow". After a light snow, the temperature plummeted and the weather became dry, which is a good time to process bacon. After the light snow festival, some farmers began to make sausages and bacon and enjoy food during the Spring Festival.

Eating Ciba, some places in the south also have the custom of eating Ciba in October of the lunar calendar. In ancient times, Ciba was a traditional festival sacrifice in the south of China, which was originally used by farmers to worship the cow god. There is a saying that "in October, Ciba Shao" refers to sacrificial events.

2 1, heavy snow, is the beginning time and degree of heavy snow during this period. Like light snow, rain and Grain Rain, it is a solar term that directly reflects precipitation. At this time, there are many people suffering from colds in northern China. If you can take some Daxue Shun 'an Health Soup, it will be very beneficial to resist the invasion of cold pathogens on the body surface, nose and mouth.

22. The winter solstice is considered as a grand festival. There is a saying that the winter solstice is as big as a year, and there is a custom to celebrate the winter solstice. The northern region has the custom of slaughtering sheep and eating jiaozi and wonton from winter solstice, while the southern region has the custom of eating glutinous rice balls and long noodles from winter solstice on this day. There is also the custom of offering sacrifices to heaven and ancestors in winter solstice in various regions.

23, slight cold, generally in the Gregorian calendar 65438+1October 5 or 6. A slight cold means that the weather is already very cold. There is a folk proverb that "a slight cold makes a hockey". Literally, it seems that the great cold is worse than the slight cold. In fact, in meteorological records, the slight cold period is colder than the severe cold period. People often say that "cold is in the third day, heat is in the third day", and "third day" is within the solar terms of slight cold, so slight cold is the coldest solar term in a year.

In this solar term, young people should be careful not to get acne because of overeating greasy and spicy products. When it's a slight cold, old Nanjing usually cooks. The contents of vegetable rice are different, but they are all cooked with glutinous rice, which is very delicious. Guangzhou traditionally eats glutinous rice on a slightly cold morning. In order to avoid being too glutinous, it is generally 60% glutinous rice and 40% fragrant rice.

24. The Great Cold is the last of the 24 solar terms. Every year around 65438+10.20, when the sun reaches 300, it is a severe cold. It means that the weather is cold and the coldest period is coming. According to the custom of our country, especially in rural areas, people are busy removing old cloth, pickling new year's vegetables and preparing new year's goods every cold festival.

During the period from the Great Cold to beginning of spring, there were many important folk customs and festivals. For example, sumptuous food, kitchen sacrifices and New Year's Eve, and sometimes even the Spring Festival, the biggest festival in China, are all in this solar term. The cold solar term is full of joy and festive atmosphere, and it is a cheerful and relaxed solar term.

Twenty-four solar terms are the original cultural heritage of working people in China, which can reflect the changes of seasons, guide agricultural activities and affect the food, clothing, housing and transportation of thousands of households.

Since 2000, the main political activity center in China has been concentrated in the Yellow River Basin, and the 24 solar terms have been established on the basis of climate and phenology in this area. Due to the vast territory and changeable terrain of China, the 24 solar terms are only a reference for many regions.

From the literal meaning of the 24 solar terms:

Beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter respectively represent the beginning of the four seasons. "Stand" means to start. The Gregorian calendar is generally around February 4th, May 5th, August 7th and165438+1October 7th every year.

Solstice in summer and Solstice in winter-this means that summer and winter have arrived. "To" means to arrive. Summer solstice and winter solstice are generally on June 2 1 day and February 22 12 of the Gregorian calendar every year.

Autumnal equinox, autumnal equinox-means that day and night are equal in length. "Divide" is equal share. These two solar terms are generally around March 20 and September 23 of the Gregorian calendar every year.

Rain-indicates that the precipitation begins and the rainfall gradually increases. It rains around February 18 in Gregorian calendar every year.

Sting-the sudden movement of spring thunder woke the hibernating animals in the soil. At this time, the temperature rose rapidly, and the spring thunder gradually sprouted. Every year around March 5 of the Gregorian calendar is a shock.

Qingming-includes the meaning of sunny weather, fresh air, gradually warming climate and lush vegetation. The Gregorian calendar is Qingming around April 5 every year.

Grain Rain —— The increase of rainfall is very beneficial to the growth of cereal crops. Grain Rain is around April 20th of the Gregorian calendar every year.

Xiaoman-refers to the summer crops with full seeds, but not yet mature, just small and not yet full. Every year on May 2 1 day of the Gregorian calendar, it is full.

Crops with awns, such as awn seed wheat, mature and summer sowing begins. Around June 5 every year, it is a mango.

Hot in summer, hot in summer, hot in summer-hot in summer means hot. The heat is not the hottest time, but the heat is the hottest season, and the heat is the day when summer is coming to an end. They are around July 7, July 23 and August 23 of the Gregorian calendar every year.

White dew-the temperature began to drop, the weather turned cold, and there was dew on the vegetation in the morning. The Millennium is around September 7 of the Gregorian calendar every year.

Cold dew-the temperature drops, there is condensation in the air, and there is a chill gradually. This day is usually on June 8 10 every year.

First frost-it's getting colder and colder, and it's frosting. The first frost usually occurs on the 23rd day of the Gregorian calendar 10 year 10.

Light snow, heavy snow-it's starting to snow, with small and large indicating the degree of snowfall. Light snow falls on Gregorian calendar165438+1October 22nd, and heavy snow falls around 65438+February 7th.

Slight cold, severe cold-the weather is getting colder and colder. Slight cold is not the coldest, but severe cold is the coldest time of the year. The Gregorian calendar 65438+1October 5th and 20th are mild and severe cold.

Baidu encyclopedia-24 solar terms in lunar calendar