Why didn't Luoyang leave the palace?

Luoyang is not the only city without a palace. Most cities that used to be capitals, such as Xi, Kaifeng, Anyang, Zhengzhou, Hangzhou and Chengdu, left no palaces. Most of the reasons why they didn't leave were burned in the war, and a few were gradually destroyed by the changes of history and nature. At present, there are only the Ming and Qing Palace in Beijing, the Ming Palace in Nanjing and the Shengjing Palace in Shenyang.

As the city with the longest capital in the history of China, Luoyang naturally has palaces. However, due to the fact that most of its buildings are civil structures, they have been frequently burned by wars, and have a long history, natural disasters and years of erosion, they no longer exist. Existing capital sites include Erlitou Site in Xiadu, Shangdu Site, Wangcheng Site in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Luoyang City Site in the Han and Wei Dynasties and Luoyang City Site in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Its famous palaces include Gong Bei and Nangong in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei Zi Palace in the Sui Dynasty, Shangyang Palace and Wu Zhouming Hall in the Tang Dynasty.

First, the Western Zhou Dynasty became the Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty became the city.

After Zhou Wuwang destroyed the enterprise, he planned to build a new capital in Kanto. Later, when King Wu died, Duke Zhou assisted the government and decided to build a new capital. Duke Zhou divined, divination said? Is Zhou Xing a success? Therefore, it is necessary to establish a new capital in Heluo area, so that the Zhou Dynasty can achieve the world, so Luoyi was built at the intersection of Jian River and Luohe River (the intersection of Chanhe River and Luohe River). After the completion of the new capital, Zhou Chengwang moved the capital to Luoyang, set up Jiuding in Luoyang, enfeoffed 7 1 country, and accepted the worship of governors. The rule of Cheng Kang? , made the Zhou Dynasty, so the temple name was inherited after the death of the king? Become a king? . Since then, Luoyang has said? Cheng Zhou? , Feng Hao said? Zhou Zong? That is, the place where ancestors were held, buried and put.

In 7 10 BC, after Zhou Zong was destroyed, Zhou Pingwang moved eastward to Luoyang for a week, and Chengzhou City began to be called? Wangcheng? The current address is Luoyang Wangcheng Park. In 5 10 BC, he took refuge in Zhou? Wang Zichao rebellion? And build a new capital near the current White Horse Temple and continue to use it? Cheng Zhou? Name? What's your name? Eastern Zhou dynasty? , the old capital? Wangcheng? Called? Western Zhou Dynasty? Zhou moved again? Wangcheng? . Later Zhou Wang sealed another one in Gongyi? Xiao Dongzhou? .

Second, the Gong Bei Zhong Kui Temple in Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang initially took Luoyang as the capital and lived in Chengzhou City, east of Baima Temple. After moving the capital to Guanzhong, Luoyang's role is still important. At the beginning of Han Dynasty, when Liu rebelled, he basically lived in Luoyang, and Emperor Han Jing reduced his vassal. Seven countries rebellion? Luoyang is the front headquarters. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Luoyang gradually developed into an economic and trade metropolis.

After Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu established the Eastern Han Dynasty, he made Luoyang his capital, rebuilt and expanded Luoyang City, and rebuilt Luoyang Palace. Nangong? Nangong is Liu Xiu's palace.

According to the records of Henan in Yuan Dynasty, the main palace of Nangong is located on the north-south central axis, and from north to south it is: Sima Gate, Duanmen Gate, Feifei Gate, Zhanghuamen Gate, Chongde Hall, Zhongde Hall, Viva Hall and Pingshuo Hall. There are two rows of symmetrical palace buildings on the east and west sides of the central axis. The two rows on the west side are arranged in turn from south to north. The east row is Hongdemen, Mingguang Hall, Xuanshi Hall, Chengfu Hall, Jiademen, Jiade Hall, Yutang, Xuande Hall and Jiande Hall; The western rows are Yuntai Hall, Xianqin Hall, Zhanghan Hall, Yang 'an Hall, Yuntai, Lantai, Times, Changqiu Palace and Xigong. Two rows on the east side, Golden Horse Hall, Bronze Horse Hall, Zunfa Hall, Zhangde Hall, Lecheng Gate, Lecheng Hall, Wende Hall and East Palace on the west side; In the east row are Shizhong Road, Liangqing Hall, Phoenix Hall, Huanglong Hall, Shou 'an Hall, Bamboo Hall, Ride Hall and Dongguan. In addition, Hui Dong, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, studied the palaces of Nangong: Jiulong Hall, Guangde Hall, Anfu Hall, Hehuan Hall and Xiangping Hall.

Is it disrespectful for Emperor Hanming to succeed to the throne? Nangong? Old and narrow, a new palace began to be built in the north of the original palace. From the second year of the Han Dynasty Emperor Yongping to the eighth year of Yongping, the new palace was called? Gong Bei? There is a corridor connecting the north and south palaces. Gong Bei has become a magnificent national office, and the emperor's grand court proceedings were held in Gong Beide Yang Hall.

According to the records of Henan in Yuan Dynasty, the buildings located on the central axis of Gong Bei are: Wenhui Hall, Anfu Hall, Hehuan Hall, Deyang Gate, Xuan Ming Hall, Shuoping Department and Hongping Hall. The buildings on the west side of the central axis, from south to north, are: Chongde Hall, Chongzheng Hall and Yongle Palace. There are two doors in the south of Chongde Hall, the Jinshang Gate in the east and the Shenhumen Gate in the west. There are two views in the south of the two doors, Zeng Xiguan in the east and Baihu view in the west. There are two rows of buildings on the east side of the central axis, from south to north: Tianlu Hall, Zhangtai Hall, Hande Hall, Shou 'an Hall and Zhangde Hall in the west, Yongning Hall, Yingchun Hall, Yanxiu Hall, Anchang Hall, Jingfu Hall and Yong 'an Palace in the east.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo moved Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty to Guanzhong. In order to prevent Kanto heroes from re-establishing the Han Dynasty in Luoyang, Luoyang City was set on fire, and Nangong and Bei Gong were also burned in the fire. Since then, Luoyang City has been destroyed from the Zhou Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty 1000 years.

Third, Taijitang, Luoyang City, Wei and Jin Dynasties

After Cao Pi replaced the Han Dynasty, he moved the capital from Xuchang to Luoyang. Luoyang City was rebuilt in the first year of Huang Chu, and Luoyang Palace was rebuilt on the basis of Gong Bei in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cao Pixiu Luoyang City refers to the architectural pattern of Yecheng, Hebei Province. In 237 AD, after Zhuge Liang's death, Wei Mingdi felt less pressure and began to overhaul the palace. On the basis of the original Nangong, palaces such as Taiji Hall and Zhaoyang Hall were built.

According to Taiping Yu Lan and Zi Tong Zhi Jian, the Taiji Hall was built on a high platform with a width of 12, and the left and right steps reached the main hall. There are four gold and bronze pillars in the hall, which is the largest and most luxurious hall in the Wei palace, with the East Hall and the East Hall on both sides. Taiji Hall is the main hall where the emperor holds important ceremonial activities, the East Hall is the place where the emperor handles daily affairs, summons ministers and gives lectures, and the West Hall is the place where the emperor lives daily. The main hall, Taiji Hall, is juxtaposed with the East Hall and the West Hall. This layout originated from Cao Wei, and it didn't change until the Sui Dynasty built Daxing Palace at the end of the Northern Dynasty, which lasted for nearly 350 years.

Taijitang building model with central axis later became a model. During the construction of palaces, all dynasties referred to the architectural style of Taiji Hall, and established a pattern of north-south central axis and east-west symmetry. The name Taiji Hall was later used by Western Jin, Eastern Jin, Southern Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, and later Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties.

After the Western Jin Dynasty and Wei Dynasty, the capital was still in Luoyang, and Cao Wei Palace continued to be used. It was Taijitang that Sima Yan boarded. Before the Western Jin Dynasty? Yongjia Rebellion? Liu Cong, a former Xiongnu Zhao, attacked Luoyang and his soldiers were burned and plundered. Luoyang Palace was destroyed, and Taijitang no longer exists.

Fourth, Luoyang City in Northern Wei Dynasty

After the establishment of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Tuoba nationality of Xianbei unified the north, and its capital began in Shanxiping City (Datong). Because Pingcheng is northward, it is not conducive to the localization and rule of the Central Plains. In the eighteenth year of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 494), the capital moved from Pingcheng in the north to Luoyang in the hinterland of China, and Luoyang became the imperial capital again. After the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luo, it was determined to be sinicized. Therefore, the rules of the capital and the palace mostly follow the old system of Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the main hall of Luoyang Palace in the Northern Wei Dynasty also said so? Tai Chi? .

Due to the long-term war, northern China was devastated. After the capital was established, Luoyang's population grew continuously and its culture and economy prospered. Emperor Xiaowen began to rebuild and expand Luoyang City on a large scale. After years of construction, Luoyang City in the Northern Wei Dynasty was built. After the completion of Luoyang city is divided into? Inner city? Outline? What's the name of North and South Street? Tongtuo Street? The workshop pattern is unified, which has become a model in the history of capital architecture.

As the main hall of the Northern Wei Imperial Palace, Taiji Hall is the main hall for the new emperor to ascend to the throne and handle major events. Composed of the main hall, the East Hall and the surrounding cloisters, it is the largest palace courtyard in Miyagi. In 534 AD, the general Gao Huan made Yuan emperor and moved the capital to Yecheng, Hebei Province, and moved 400,000 households in Luoyang to Yecheng, demolishing Luoyang Palace and transporting building materials to Yecheng. Since then, Luoyang City has a history of 300 years since Cao Wei.

V. Wei Zi Palace in Luoyang City in the same Tang Dynasty

After the establishment of Emperor Wendi and the DPRK, he felt that there were too few capitals left in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, so he built them in the southeast. Daxing city? However, the construction of Daxing City is too hasty, and the site selection is problematic. Soon, the shortcomings were exposed. The first is lack of food, and the second is salty water. Because of the drought in Guanzhong, Daxing City can't transport grain. In the 14th year of Kai, there was a drought in Guanzhong, so the Weihe River could not sail, and Daxing City ran out of food, so Emperor Wen had to take the people of the whole city to Luoyang for dinner. Another is that Daxing City is too hot and there are no trees. In summer, the weather is very hot and uncomfortable. Later, together with Wendi, Renshou Palace was built for the summer.

Since the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, the world has been divided for more than 300 years, and huge cracks have been formed in the east, west, north and south. With the reunification of the country, these problems have been exposed. At the beginning of Yang Di's reign, there was a rebellion in Yang Liang, Hanwang, which affected Shanxi and Hebei. Together with Yang Di, he immediately transferred troops from Luoyang to put down the rebellion and moved 200,000 people to Luoyang in Hedong, from which Yang Di deeply realized the importance of Luoyang. In order to control the eastern south and get rid of the selfish departmentalism of Guanlong Group, in the second year of Emperor Yang's accession to the throne, it was decided to establish Luoyang as the eastern capital. A year later, the capital was established in the east. He moved to Luoyang with Emperor Yang and lived in the palace.

The new Luoyang city was chosen in the southeast of Zhou Wang City and the Luohe River in the southwest of Luoyang City during the Han and Wei Dynasties. Yu Wenkai learned the lesson of developing the city in Guanzhong this time, and planned and designed according to the landscape of Luoyang, so as to realize? Harmony between man and nature? The concept of. Change the traditional symmetrical urban layout, with the Emperor connecting the city and the Luohe as the sky? Galaxy? The emperor's palace? Wei Zi Palace? What is the bridge across the Luohe River at the south gate of Miyagi? Tianjin Bridge? What's the name of the Imperial Street connecting Miyagi and Kuokawa? Tianjie? , the main entrance of the profile city? Dingding Gate? . During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the southernmost axis of the imperial city of Luoyang City was facing Longmen, which made the south gates of Miyagi (Weizicheng) and Imperial City (Taiwei City) face Longmen and Yike, and arranged Miyagi in the northwest of the capital with the highest terrain, symbolizing that it lived in the center of the sky, so it was also called? Wei Zi Palace? .

Wei Zi Palace? Also called? Wei Zi City? When completed, it is a magnificent palace unique in the history of China. Its architectural form reached its peak, especially in the era of Wu Zetian. It was the most magnificent palace group in the world at that time and a great miracle of the world at that time. Weizi Town covers an area of about 4.2 square kilometers, which is six times that of the Forbidden City in Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are more than 3,500 other halls, stations and museums in the palace, and there are more than 9,990 areas in the palace. The three main halls of Wei Zi Palace are Ganyang Hall (called Gan Yuan Hall in Tang Dynasty), Daye Hall (called Zhenguan Hall in Tang Dynasty) and Friends Hall. The three dynasties were important. The main entrance of Miyagi, yingtianmen (then Tianmen), was the great dynasty (outer dynasty), and the main hall of Chaoqu was the Japanese dynasty.

The Tang Dynasty defeated the king and captured Luoyang City. In order to avoid the luxury of the palace, he demolished the Palace and the yingtianmen. Li Zhi and Tang Gaozong arrived in Luoyang and built the Shang Yang Palace in the west of Gongcheng. The buildings in Shangyang Palace, such as Peak Temple, Chenghua Academy, Linzhi Academy, Fenfang Palace, our Academy and Xiyang Palace, are magnificent and beautiful. In Tang Gaozong, Luoyang, it was decided to implement the two-Beijing system, and Wu Zetian worked here for a long time. Later, after Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor, he changed Luoyang into the capital of the gods and built the Hall of Fame, Xanadu and Immortal Hall. Wei Zi is called Taichung Palace.

During the Anshi Rebellion, An Lushan proclaimed himself emperor after capturing Luoyang, and Tang Suzong Hengli used Uighur soldiers to quell the rebellion, promising to let Uighur soldiers grab it for three days at will after recovering Chang 'an. As a result, after recovering Chang 'an, Hengli was afraid that Chang 'an people would scold him, so he told the Uighur generals to rob Luoyang at will after recovering Luoyang. As a result, after the Tang Dynasty recovered Luoyang, Uighur soldiers stayed in Luoyang to burn, kill and plunder, and Luoyang City was once again in catastrophe. Shang Yang Palace and Wei Zi Palace were severely damaged and completely abandoned when they arrived in Tang Dezong.

Although Luoyang city recovered in the middle and late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, it was less than one-third of that before the prosperous Tang Dynasty. At the same time, with the rise of Kaifeng, although Luoyang was Xijing in the Northern Song Dynasty, its status was declining. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Song Jin and Song Meng competed for Luoyang City, and Luoyang was burned by soldiers. Luoyang City and Tang Dynasty were completely in ruins. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Luoyang City, now the old city of Luoyang, was rebuilt on the north bank of Luohe River.