Appreciation of the original text of the pre-Qin prose Shangshu Pan Geng Shang ④

Appreciation of the original text of the pre-Qin prose Shangshu Pan Geng Shang ④

Pan Geng moved to Yin (②), but the people were not suitable for living (③). He urged the public (④) and made a prediction (⑤), saying, "My monarch will come ⑤, live in his own house ⑤, Jyuugo people (⑧), and Liu will have no end (⑨). Can't make a living, and Buji says it's like a platform (1 1)? My predecessor Wang took office (12), but he kept his destiny (13), so it is not always better (14). Not often lost to the city (15), in the current five States (16). Today, we don't inherit from ancient times (17), and we don't know the fate of Heaven (18). How can we say that we have inherited the power of our former king (19)? If there is a tiller (20), the sky will always be my son's life (2 1), before Wang Daye (22) and at the bottom (23). "

Pan Geng, in the reign of Yu Nai (24), used the old correction method (25) to say "I dare not surrender the villain's remonstrance" (26), and the king ordered the public to appear in court (27).

Wang Ruo said, "Ge Ruzhong (28). I tell you to guide you, but I am sincere (29) and I am proud of my health (30).

"In ancient times, I was the late king (3 1), but I just wanted to be the government of the old man (32), Wang Boxiu (33), and I didn't hide my finger (34). Wang Yong Pi Qin (35), I made a mistake (36), and Wang Pi changed (37). Today, you are in a hurry (38), the letter is risky (39), and you are told that it is a lawsuit (40).

"Not to the wild, Germany (4 1), but you contain Germany (42), not to a person (43). Look at the fire (44), you will be clumsy (45), and you will escape (46).

"If the network is in the outline (47), it is orderly. If farmers take Tian Li (48), there will be autumn (49). If you are sincere (50), you will be virtuous to the people (5 1). As for your marriage partner (52), Pi is bold (53) and you are virtuous (54). So we are not afraid of bullying (55), lazy farmers (56), unwilling to work hard (57), unwilling to accept land (58), and even more useless is Xiaomi (59).

"You don't speak well of the people (60), but you poison yourself (6 1), and you are defeated by evil and rape (62), so you will lose yourself. You were evil to the people first (63), but you were bullied by the people (64). How can you regret it? Speaking of respecting the people (65), you are concerned about the proverb (66), which has an escape (67). Giving up is a short life (68). You tell me (69) and Xu's words (70)? I am afraid of drowning in the crowd (7 1). If the fire burns in the original, I can't come to you (72), but it can still be put out! Then only you have made mistakes (73), don't blame you! " There is a saying in "Late Appointment" (74):' People only want to be old (75); These appliances are not old, but new. "

"In ancient times, my late kings and fathers (76) and Xu He (77) dared to use non-punishment (78)! The world chooses Raul (79), and giving is good. I hereby give it to the late king (80), who will obey it, enjoy it and make it a blessing or a curse (8 1), and dare not use immorality (82).

"It's hard to tell you (83) if you are interested (84). You are not afraid of bullying the old (85), weak and lonely (86), and you are good at seclusion (87), encouraging others to be strong (88) and listening to the merits of one person (89).

"There is no far-reaching (90), with sin to behead Jue death (9 1), with virtue to show Jue Shan (92). Zangzhou (93), but you own it; If the state does not reduce the penalty, only one person will be fined (94).

"All the people (95), their only message (96): from now until the next day, each has its own business (97), Qi Naiwei (98) and Du Naikou (99). Punish your body (100), you can regret it! "

Note (1) Pan Geng: the tenth grandson of Cheng Tang, the 20th monarch of Shang Dynasty. ② Yin: Place name, now Anyang, Henan. 3 people: people, subject. Adapt, adapt, be content. Yes, prefix, nonsense. Alive, alive, means yin. 4 ratio: use, therefore. Woo: hoo-hoo. Qi: Your minister. ⑤ Vector: statement and communication. Prediction: refers to Pan Geng calling ministers to tell people his predictions. My King: Pan Geng. Come: to come out of the election. ⑦: Change. House, go. Jutz: Here it is. 8 emphasize: attach importance to it. ⑨ Liu: To kill someone is to die in a flood. Indications: mutual. Kuang: Rescue. To live, to survive. (1 1) Ji: Kao Ye. Buji: Qiubu. Yue: Auxiliary words in Chinese sentences are meaningless. Taiwan (also): a pronoun used as the word "he". Pan Geng moved: It was against divination, so the people asked and explained themselves. (12) Service: Things are also systems of political affairs. (13) ke (ke): Jing. (14) Jude: traveling together. So Jude. Chang: permanently, often. Ning: Peace. (15) Jue: It. City: the national capital. (16) Today: refers to the Tang Dynasty to the present. Five states: five places. Shang Tang destroyed Xia Hou, but also the capital city north of the city (Bo Yin is thin, in today's Shangqiu North, Henan); It spread to Zhong Ding, from milli to Noisy (ao sound AO); Hehuang (Dan Yindan) moved to the lower phase (now southeast of the Yellow River in Henan); Zu Ti moved to Xing (Gengyinling) and became Geng (now east of wen county, Henan); South tillage and relocation; Pan Geng moved to Yin. (17) inheritance. Ancient: refers to the former king. (18) None. Fatal: a doomed life. (19) Qing (Shen): And. Krishnamurti: Yes. From: Gia. Lies: merit. (20) Rolling wood: a fallen tree. By: dead wood sprouts again. Nie Yinniang: The stumps or fallen trunks left by logging regrow branches and buds. From (2 1): modal particles. Yong: It lasts a long time. Life: refers to life. (22) Shao: Continue. Answer: resume. Great cause: great achievement. (23) Um (stop): OK. Sui: An. (24) Xiao sound effect: perception and realization. On-the-job: refers to the on-the-job minister. When Yu Nai was in power, Pan Geng realized that people were not suitable for living because of the current minister. (25) use: use. Chang: It has a long history. Old clothes: old rules. Tidy up. (26) No: No,No. Or: Empty refers to some people. V: hidden. Villain: It refers to the people. You: So. For: discipline. (27) the masses: refers to the ministers. All of them. Court: Tong Ting. (28) If: auxiliary words. Wang Ruoyue said that in the Historical Records, the words "Wang Ruoyue" were often used when officials relayed the monarch. This is the tone of the historian, who also said, "Wang said so." Grid, to. Ge Ruzhong still said "Come". (29) Yi: the same as Jude, the same friendship, the same. H: Withdraw. Nye: Yours. Heart: refers to selfishness. (30) Pride: arrogance and self-righteousness. From: the same vertical, indulgence. Kang: Ann refers to the desire for comfort. (3 1) Ancient: Once upon a time. (32) Figure: Seeking for it, thinking about it. Ren: about. Old man: an old family minister. * * * Politics: * * Manage political affairs. (33) King: refers to the former king. Broadcast: Announce to the public. Hugh: OK. (34) concealment: concealment. Jue: It refers to the former king. Refers to: the same purpose, the same meaning. (35) Use: Therefore. Pi: big. Qin: Here you are. (36) Escape speech: deviant speech. (37) leather edge: great changes. (38) Guayin Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua Gua. Letter: make representations and say. Danger: evil. Skin: grandiose. (40) Litigation: argue with reason. (4 1) Yu: Pan Geng claimed to be. Waste: waste. Zide: refers to the traditional practice of reusing old ministers and old people. (42) only: Yes. Including: hide, hide. (43) exhortation: fear. (44) Watching the fire: the metaphor is clear. (45) no good plan: not good at talking and scheming. It means that I am too tolerant and trust you. (46) manufacturing. Yes, I'm still talking to you. Escape, indulge. (47) Class and line master rope. (48) Serve and work in the field. Li Wei is committed to a bumper harvest in agriculture. 30: refers to harvesting crops. (49) There is autumn: there is a good harvest in autumn. Krishnamurti: Yes. H: Withdraw. Heart: selfish. (5 1) Stone: Here. Shide: true kindness. (52) Marriage: relatives. Friend: Colleague. (53) Pi: auxiliary words. Pine: So. (54) product: poly. (55) Rong: Tong Chong, great cause. Rongdu: Great harm. Far and near: far and near. (56) lazy farmers: lazy farmers. (57) Min: Diligent and hard-working. (58) Not accepting the site: not operating on site. (59) Yue: So. Its: will. Millet: generally refers to grain. (60) and: announcement. Good words: kind words. (6 1) Autogenous poison: Autogenous disaster. (62) Failure means doing something harmful to the people. Traitor (Gui Audio Track): Chaos is an inside job and an outside job, which refers to an illegal act. (63) Be evil for the people first: guide the people to be evil and take the lead in doing bad things. (64) Feng: Bear. Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong Tong. (65) phase: look. Time: the same. Xian: Wang: refers to people who see things not far away. (66) Xu: Item. Gu: Concerns. Proverbs: refers to Pan Geng's admonition to the people. (67) Hair: Say it. Escape: I said something wrong. (68) Qing (Shen Yin Shen): What's more. Control: mastery and manipulation. Nye: You, you. Short-lived: Jude said life and death. (69) Hey. (70) move: incite, shake. Nonsense: nonsense. (7 1) Fear: It should be a bad word, similar in appearance but wrong. Shen: Especially loanwords are popular. (72) Liao: Set fire. You Xiang: Almost. (73) Jing Oh, my god (74) Late appointment: ancient sages. (75) Only: Appropriate, should. (76) Ancient king: refers to the ancestors of Pan Geng. The ancestor is the father, which refers to the ancestor of the minister. (77) Ji Xu: Fax. Yi: Happiness. Diligence: Work hard. (78) Dare: Dare. Move: Easy. No punishment: improper punishment. (79) Choice: Communicate with others and continue. This is a feat. (80) Z: Now. Great enjoyment: great sacrifice. (8 1) Benefit and make trouble: It means that you are responsible for all the blessings and disasters. (82) Non-virtue: the benefit that should not be given as opposed to the above-mentioned non-punishment. (83) at: to. Difficulty: Difficulty refers to the difficulty of going into politics or moving. (84) ambition: accurate shooting. (85) Insulting the old: Tang Shijing is an insult to the old, which means that people are treated lightly when they are old. My Lord: My Lord. (86) cowardice and loneliness: refers to bullying and looking down on people when they are young. There are: auxiliary words. (87) Dragon: Anye. Jue: It. Encourage your strength: exert your strength diligently. (89) work: for. You: Mou Ye. (90) distance: far and near, refers to near. (9 1) Attack: Punishment. Death: Still evil. (92) Germany: refers to the title. (93) Zang: Good. (94) Penalty: refers to negligence in imposing penalty. (95) all. Notice: convey. (97)***: respectfully. (98) qi: put it neatly. Position: responsibilities. (99) degrees: Du, closed. Er Shen: yourselves.

Pan Geng chose to move the capital to Yin, and his subjects were uneasy about his new house. So Pan Geng called all the ministers out and conveyed his instructions to his subjects, saying, "Since my king moved here from the election, he has paid attention to the people and prevented them from being completely killed. If you can't save and survive, what will happen if you are deified? The old king's system of doing things is to obey the king's orders, so he dare not live in one place forever; Since its establishment, Shang Tang has not always been fixed in one city, but moved around. If we don't inherit what the former king moved to avoid today, we don't know the fate set by God, not to mention other people who can inherit the former Wang Daye? A fallen tree can sprout new buds. God originally wanted our life to continue in this new city, continue to revive the great cause of the former king, and make the four sides stable. "

Pan Geng realized that people were uneasy about the new residence. Because of the current minister, he had to use the time-honored old law to rectify the law and order. He said, "No matter who I tell Wang, you can't hide it." Pan Geng ordered his ministers to come to court.

Pan Geng said, "Come. I want to warn you and teach you a lesson, so that you can get rid of your selfish habit, and don't be arrogant and extravagant, but covet comfort.

"Once upon a time, the late king always considered appointing a family elder to manage politics with them. When the former king announced the decree, the old ministers of the former king conveyed the order and did not dare to hide the will of the former king. Therefore, the former king attached great importance to those officials and did not make deviant remarks, so the actions of the people changed a lot. Now we can't listen to the correct opinions and make up some evil and exaggerated words to confuse the people. I really don't know what you are arguing about.

"I didn't waste the former king's virtue of reusing the veteran, but you hid it, didn't tell the people, and didn't fear me. I think things are in full swing, but because of lack of calculation, you are too generous and let you indulge greatly.

"If you want to be tied to the outline like a net, you can be organized without confusion. Only by working as hard as farmers can we get a bumper harvest. If you can get rid of selfishness and give real kindness to the people, even to your relatives and friends, I dare to say loudly that you have good deeds. If you are not afraid of people near and far suffering for you, then you are like a lazy farmer who refuses to work hard and does not work in the fields, so you can't harvest food.

"You don't put my good words to the people, this is your own disaster, you did all kinds of bad things that are harmful to the people, and finally hurt yourself. Since you led the people to do bad things, you should bear the pain yourself, and it's too late to regret it! When you see these people who are not far from knowledge, you can still manage what I told you, lest you put your foot in my mouth, not to mention that * * * is giving you the right to life and death. Why aren't you afraid? Why don't you tell me something first and shake people's hearts with nonsense? Sin can easily spread and grow, just like a prairie fire. How to put it out if the connection is too dense? If so, it's your fault, not mine.

"The ancient sages have a late saying: people should choose old ministers, unlike the old ones.

"My late king and your ancestors lived a happy and hard life. How dare I always use excessive punishment for you? If you can continue the work of your ancestors forever, I will never hide your benefits. Now I will give a big sacrifice to the former king, and your ancestors will also sacrifice with you. Your happiness and disaster are your own. The former king and your ancestors will deal with you, and I dare not use the kindness I shouldn't have given.

"I tell you, there are difficulties, you should have signs like archery and not deviating. It is not allowed to despise and disrespect the elderly, nor to despise and bully the young. Stay where you live, use your strength diligently, and listen to the plan made by me alone.

"No matter far or near, I will treat them equally, punish their sins with punishment, and commend their good deeds as knights. The good governance of the country is the credit of all of you; If the country is not well governed, it is my own fault.

"You all want to convey what I warned you; From now on, each of you should take care of your own affairs seriously and don't sell yourself short. Tidy up, your position, your mouth, don't talk. If you don't carry out my warning and punish yourself, it's too late to regret it. "

Generally, "Pan Geng" was originally recorded by Mitchell as a warning from Pan Geng, the Shang King. Pan Geng was the 20th monarch of Shang Dynasty. In order to rectify internal affairs and avoid natural disasters, he moved the capital from Yan (now Qufu, Shandong Province) to Yin (now Xiaotun Village, northwest of Anyang, Henan Province). Subjects are unwilling to migrate. Pan Geng admonished his subjects three times before and after he moved to the capital. Although Pan Geng admonished and threatened his subjects in order to maintain his rule, he could repeatedly explain the reasons and benefits of moving the capital. This earliest prose was difficult to understand in ancient times, but most of it was said at that time, which was quite vivid. Some metaphors are more vivid, such as: "if you watch the fire", "if the net is in the steel, it will be orderly", "if the fire burns in the original, you can't go to you", "if the farmer works in the field, his strength will also fall", "people only look for the old, the utensils are not old, but new" and so on. Some vivid metaphors still exist in our language and are widely spread and applied. These metaphors based on real life not only make the abstract truth vivid, but also are cordial and touching to read and have a strong artistic effect. Among them, the tone of the lecture makes people feel like hearing his voice and seeing him. These characteristics have had a far-reaching impact on later prose.