What's the name of this flower? Who can tell me the details of it?

Chinese name universe

Latin name: the secondary feather of the universe

English name Garden cosmos

Alias Qiu Ying, Universe.

Family is compositae, autumn in England.

Originated in Mexico

Flower language: girl's heart

Gift-giving etiquette: put all kinds of cosmos and grapes into a glass salad plate. White and pink ribbons are tied on the plate.

The scientific name of the universe means beauty and harmony. Originally short-day plants, there are autumn flowers, but now there are many varieties of early flowers, and the colors are red, yellow, pink, white and multicolor.

morphological character

Panicum miliaceum, the plant height is 30 ~ 120 cm, the stem is erect and slender, with many branches, and the stem is smooth or slightly hairy. The single leaf is opposite, about 10 cm long, bipinnately divided, the lobes are narrow and linear, and the whole margin is toothless. The flower heads are inserted on slender pedicels, terminal or axillary, and the flower stems are 5-8cm. The general contractor is equipped with two layers, and the edge of the inner layer is film-like. Tongue-shaped flowers are L-shaped, with serrated tips and 8 petals, which are white, pink and crimson. Tubular flowers occupy the Shenyang part of the disk, all of which are yellow. Achene is a rafter, the seed life is 3~4 years, and the dry grain weight is 69. Flowers bloom in summer and autumn.

Horticultural varieties include cosmos albiflora, cosmos grandiflora and cosmos purpurea. Horticultural varieties are divided into two systems: early flowering and late flowering, and there are also single petals and double petals.

Growth habit

Like light, resistant to barren soil, avoid fertilizer, overweight soil, avoid heat, avoid water, not suitable for high temperature in summer, not cold. It needs loose, fertile and well-drained loam.

Garden use

Cosmos: Lovely autumn scenery.

Cosmos is tall, with elegant leaves and rich colors, including red, white, pink and purple, which is suitable for placing reading glasses. It is interesting to plant it as background material on the edge of grass, around trees and on the roadside. Double petals can be used as cut flowers. Suitable as background material for flower border, it can also be planted beside fences, rocks, cliffs, tree altars or houses.

breeding method

Sowing or cutting propagation.

Persian chrysanthemum breeds with seeds. Generally, it is sown in early spring and blooms in May-June. From August to September, the climate is hot, rainy and short of flowers. After the cool autumn, it continued to bloom until the first frost. If you sow in July and August, it will bloom in June at 5438+ 10, and the plants will be short and tidy. The seeds of the universe have the ability to sow themselves. Once planted, a large number of self-sown seedlings will be born in the future. With a little protection, they can bloom as usual. Seeding can be done in the open field in mid-April, and seedlings can be unearthed in about 6 ~ 7 days if the temperature is suitable.

Cutting propagation is feasible in the growing period. The strong branches with 65,438 0.5 cm left under the node are cut into sandy loam, and can take root in 5 ~ 6 days under suitable shade and humidity.

Spring sowing in April, rapid germination, 7- 10 days after sowing. It can also be propagated by cutting and take root in 15- 18 after cutting.

Transplanting 4-5 seedlings with true leaves, coring, or sowing directly after thinning. If basal fertilizer is applied to the planting area, there is no need to apply fertilizer during the growing period. The soil is too rich, the branches and leaves are white and long, and the flowering is reduced. It is not easy to blossom and bear fruit during high temperature in July and August. Seeds are easy to fall off when they are ripe, so they should be harvested in the morning. Cosmos is a short-day plant. Spring seedlings often have fewer leaves and fewer flowers, while summer seedlings are short and neat, and bloom constantly.

Cultivation management

Cosmos is strong, likes sunshine, bears drought, and has low requirements for soil, but it can't accumulate water. If planted in fertile soil, it is easy to cause the branches and leaves to grow white and affect the flowering quality.

Transplant the seedlings when they are 5 cm high, plant them when they have 7-8 leaves, or sow them directly. If basal fertilizer is applied to the planting area, there is no need to apply fertilizer during the growing period. The soil is too rich, the branches and leaves are white and long, and the flowering is reduced. Or smear the decomposed urine with 5 times of water every 10 day during the growth period. Watering for 2 ~ 3 times in dry weather can grow and bloom well. It is not easy to blossom and bear fruit during high temperature in July and August. Seeds are easy to fall off when they are ripe, so they should be harvested in the morning. Cosmos is a short-day plant. Spring seedlings tend to have fewer leaves and fewer flowers, while summer seedlings are short and tidy, and they bloom constantly. It grows rapidly and can be enucleated many times to increase branches.

Cosmos plants are tall, so when planted in the windward side, columns should be set to prevent lodging and breaking. Generally, more dwarf plants are cultivated, that is, when the seedling height is 20 ~ 30cm, the top is removed, and then the new terminal buds are removed several times in succession to dwarf the plants; At the same time, it also increases the number of flowers. A small amount of base fertilizer should be applied to the nursery. Seed collection is suitable for picking achenes when they are slightly dark, so as not to be scattered after maturity.

Cultivation:

The variety needs short sunshine treatment at seedling stage to bloom normally, and the suitable sowing date should be mastered. Suitable for direct seeding or seedling raising in the wild; Sowing and covering soil is about 1cm, and seedling emergence is about 5- 10 days; Immediately transplant 5-6 true leaves of seedlings with a spacing of 30-50 cm. During the growth period, remove the core, promote branching, control it too high, and avoid lodging in the later period. The requirements for soil are not strict, but it cannot accumulate water, is not cold-resistant, and avoids extreme heat. Fertile soil

Maintenance points

Propagation: sowing or cutting propagation. Cutting can also be used in summer.

Sow in late March to early April, and sow in the open seedbed. The ground temperature can germinate at the lower temperature of 15℃, but if it is sown early, it will grow into a giant plant with a height of 2 meters, which is easy to fall down due to the typhoon or the weight of the plant. There are also early-flowering varieties, which bloom 50-70 days after sowing, so sowing should be divided into early flowers and autumn flowers.

Management: like warm and humid sunshine, slightly resistant to early frost, and not strict with soil requirements. Seedlings should be transplanted when the height is 5 cm, and planted when the leaves are 7-8. The requirements for fertilizer and water are not strict, and 5 times of decomposed urine is applied every 10 day during the growing period. High school varieties need upright posts before flowering to prevent wind disaster lodging. It grows rapidly and can be enucleated many times to increase branches. Red spider is easy to occur in hot weather, so it should be prevented as soon as possible. If planted in late July to early August, it will bloom in 50-60 days, and the plants will be short and tidy, which is suitable for National Day. When the seeds are mature, the inflorescences with large flowers and bright colors can be cut off and dried for seed storage.

The following countermeasures should be taken to cultivate a short, non-lodging universe:

(1) sowing in late July.

(2) After spring sowing, when it grows to 40-50 cm, pick the heart and let the axillary buds blossom.

③ Erect short bamboo pillars as soon as possible.

Diseases and hazards: countermeasures must be taken against mold, aphid and spider mite. Spraying benomyl on mold and Ortholland granules on pests.

How to prevent cosmos from lodging

Cosmos is tall and sparse, with large and beautiful flowers, but it often lodging, and the scenery is great. The following measures can be taken to prevent cosmos from lodging:

① Sow in July and August. During this period, the sown universe 10 can blossom in 10, and the plants are short and tidy.

2 choose the heart. In the growing period of cosmos, it is necessary to pick the heart many times, on the one hand, it can dwarf the whole plant, on the other hand, it can promote germination and branching to increase the number of flowers.

③ Apply less fertilizer and water. Too much fertilizer and water can easily cause plants to grow white and lodging, and flowers are scarce.

Harvest and preservation

Harvest cut flowers at the pedicel of cosmos. Buds can be harvested when they are semi-open to full bloom, and the operation is best carried out when the temperature is low in the morning. Products should be put into barrels immediately and precooled as soon as possible.

The flowers collected by classification should be classified on the premise of typical characteristics of varieties, no damage, no pollution and good visual effect: the length of first-class cut flowers is about 60 cm; The length of the second cut flower is about 50 cm; The length of tertiary cut flowers is about 40 cm. The difference in the length of cut flowers of the same grade shall not exceed the standard 2 cm.

Packing: 10 peduncles of the same grade and variety are bound and fixed into bundles, which are respectively packed into corrugated boxes with film lining, air holes and product names.

Fresh-keeping management The cut flowers of cosmos are not resistant to storage and transportation, and they are temporary cut flowers. Usually, it is harvested and used now, and cannot be stored for a long time. It should be used as soon as possible after harvesting.

When the storage period is treated according to the above methods, the peduncle of cosmos can be stored for 1 ~ 2 days, without affecting the decorative effect.

disease control

Its main pests and diseases are often caused by leaf spot and powdery mildew. You can spray wine with 500 times of 50% topcloth wettable powder. Insect pests are caused by aphids and scarabs, and spraying 10% insecticide EC 2500 times. Red spider is easy to occur in hot weather, so it should be prevented as soon as possible.

Related culture

Science (science)

Cosmos was chosen to be dedicated to Sanfilippi Sewede, dean of an Oxford monastery. He has made great contributions to the development of this region and Oxford University, and can be said to be the patron saint of learning. Therefore, its flower language is-academic. Or-happy forever.