What are the names of ancient musical instruments _ What are the names of ancient musical instruments?

China music is an important part of splendid China culture. /kloc-before the middle of the 0/9th century, it experienced three periods: ancient, medieval and modern. For thousands of years, it is famous for its colorful varieties and rich systems. Let me introduce the names of ancient musical instruments to you for reference only.

What are the names of ancient musical instruments?

1. Drum

In ancient times, drums were regarded as heavenly drums, which were mainly used as sacrificial utensils. Drums are widely used in hunting activities. Drum as a musical instrument began in the Zhou Dynasty. There were eight tones in the Zhou Dynasty, and the drum was the first of the group tones. What did the ancient literature say? Drum and harp? That is, before the harp begins to play, there are drums as a guide. The cultural connotation of drums is profound, the majestic drums are closely accompanied by human beings, and the ancient wildness is gradually moving towards civilization. Customs can be folk celebration gongs and drums, and elegance can enter temple fairs and court banquets. Drum is one of the most popular and widely used musical instruments, from primitive pottery drums, earth drums, leather drums and bronze drums to a wide variety of modern drums. Some people think that the earliest drums should be used by ancient ancestors, and daily necessities such as pots and pans evolved from this. The unearthed pottery drums prove that pottery drums were made as early as 7000 years ago in the Neolithic Age. Pottery drums, also called earthen drums, are made of clay and then wrapped in animal leather. In China, the tradition of making pottery drums with tiles as the frame has a long history. Chu Gu (i.e.? Rattle? ) was introduced into the Central Plains from the remote areas in the northwest, and the waist drum was introduced into China from the western regions, which was widely popular in the Tang Dynasty. In addition to wooden materials, the waist drum in the Tang Dynasty also used ceramics as drum materials.

Drum appeared earlier. From the unearthed cultural relics found today, it can be determined that the drum has a history of about 4,500 years (taking the earth drum unearthed from the early tombs of Taosi site in Xiangfen, Shanxi as an example). In ancient times, drums were not only used for sacrifice, music and dance, but also for attacking enemies and driving away wild animals. They were also tools for telling time and giving an alarm. With the development of society, drums are more widely used, and national bands, various dramas, folk arts, songs and dances, boat races and lion dances, festival gatherings and labor competitions are all inseparable from drum instruments. The structure of the drum is relatively simple, which consists of two parts: the drum skin and the drum body. Drum skin is the pronunciation body of the drum, which is usually covered with animal skin and vibrated by tapping or patting. There are many kinds of drum instruments in China, including waist drum, big drum, bronze drum and Hua Pengu.

2. sheng

Sheng, Miao, Dong, Shui, Yao, Gelao and other single-reed musical instruments. It was called Rusha in ancient times. Miao, Dong and water. Sheng language is called stalk. Miao language is also called Gadou, Gajie, Gadong and Gazheng. Dong language is also called Genglan, Genglanni and Laonian. According to Yao language records, Lou is an ancient reed instrument in China, and it is also one of the ancient eight-tone instruments (namely, gold, stone, silk, bamboo, bamboo, huh? Earth, leather and wood), with a history of more than 3000 years, is the only harmony instrument in wind instruments and the only instrument that can absorb energy and produce sound. Its timbre is clear and transparent, with a wide range and strong appeal. . Popular in Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Sichuan and other provinces. It has a long history, diverse shapes, bright and rich timbre and rich local characteristics, and is often used by the people for Lusheng dance accompaniment and Lusheng band ensemble. After the reform, it has been applied in national bands, and it can be solo, ensemble and ensemble, with rich expressive force.

3. hey

Inkstone is one of the oldest wind instruments in China, with a history of about 7,000 years.

According to legend, Yun Qi originated from a hunting tool called "Stone Meteor". In ancient times, people often tied a stone ball or clay ball with a rope and threw it out to shoot birds and animals. Some spheres are empty in the middle, and you can make a sound by swinging around. Later, people thought it was fun, so they blew it, and this stone meteor slowly evolved into a trap. At first, the forest was mostly made of stones and bones, and later it developed into pottery, with many shapes, such as oblate, oval, spherical, fish-shaped and pear-shaped, among which pear-shaped is the most common. There are water spray holes at the upper end, flat bottom and sound holes on the side wall. It has gone through a long period. About four or five thousand years ago, from one sound hole to two sound holes, you can play three notes. After entering the slave society, Yan got further development. A few years ago, Yan from the late patriarchal society to the early slave society was unearthed in Huoshaogou, Yumen, Gansu Province. It has three sound holes and can play four kinds of sounds. By the late Shang Dynasty, more than 0/000 years before BC, Yu had developed into five sound holes and could play six sounds. By the Spring and Autumn Period more than 700 years before BC, there were already six sound holes, which could blow out complete pentatonic and heptatonic scales. It took more than 3000 years to develop from one sound hole to six sound holes.

4. Qin dynasty

In ancient times, people's cultural accomplishment was manifested in four aspects: piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and playing the piano was the first of the four talents.

What are the names of ancient musical instruments invented by Qin in Fuxi era (Fuxi rule in 2400)? What are the names of ancient musical instruments in C-2370? See this encyclopedia entry? Chronology of three emperors and five emperors? ), for banjo, or cloud for Shennong (what's the name of the ancient musical instrument in 2370 AD-what's the name of the ancient musical instrument in 2338 AD) (Textual Research on Ancient History: Fuxi wrote the piano and musical instrument. "Outline of Supporting One Land": Fuxi Jutong is a piano and Suo is a string; Make a fool of yourself. Shuo Wen: Qin, composed by Bao. Emperor century: Shennong plays the banjo, and the palace merchant's horn sounds. The ninth generation went to the Queen Wen and added a second string, saying that there were fewer palaces and fewer businessmen. ) Qin was invented in western Shandong and eastern Henan (the capital of Fuxi is in Huaiyang, Henan, and the capital of Shennong is in Qufu, Shandong).

Qin, like flute, Xiao and other musical instruments, can enjoy its music through the partition wall. And then what? Jane. Any news? Today? , emphasize? Play in person? It means that from a solemn and solemn point of view, it is an advanced musical instrument for noble guests. When listening to piano music, guests must sit still, just as modern westerners can't leave their seats when enjoying classical music. This is the embodiment of cultural quality and accomplishment, and also the embodiment of the degree of social civilization.

5. Yue Se

The origin of musical instruments is very long, accounting for the largest proportion of stringed instruments discovered in archaeology. Its excavation sites are concentrated in Hubei, Hunan and Henan provinces, mostly from Chu tombs in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Other provinces, such as Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Liaoning, etc., have only a few sporadic discoveries. Documentary records? Do you like it? Be a performer.

Legend has it that in the Xia Dynasty, there was a harp. Oracle Bone Inscriptions? Le? Word, which one is on it? Silk? Word, which one is below? Wood? Words. If silk strings are used, they should be produced after the appearance of silk. The raw materials of stringed instruments, at least the technology that can set silk, can make stringed instruments. The stringed instruments around the pre-Qin period were Qin and Qin.

Another speculation is that musical instruments such as lyre and harp may be related to hunting bowstring. Of course, the raw material of bowstring can also be beef tendon or rubber band of other animals. 1984 We copied the harpsichord unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi, and the thickest bass string was the tendon string.

6. Flute

The flute is a wind instrument, and there are different flutes in different places, which is characterized by no reeds. Flute characters belong to the character family. In the family of unitary characters, unitary characters are both phonetic symbols and semantic symbols. By the Chinese character family and? Is it slippery? About the meaning of. What is the original meaning of the flute? A bamboo tube in which gas slides? . For a long time, there are different opinions about when China bamboo flute was produced. Among the cultural relics unearthed in Hemudu, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province in recent years, there is a kind of bone flute which is very similar to our six-hole flute today. It has a history of 7000 years. It should be said that this is the oldest musical instrument ever discovered. In addition, there are seven bronze flutes of Warring States collected by overseas Chinese in the United States. Two flutes blown horizontally in the tomb of Zeng Houyi at the beginning of the Warring States Period unearthed in Sui County, Hubei Province; Two transverse flutes unearthed from Mawangdui No.3 Han Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province (BC 168); Seven flutes unearthed from the No.1 tomb in Luobowan, Gui County, Guangxi Province, are made of two pieces of bamboo and blown horizontally according to the sound hole, which proves that flutes are the most primitive musical instruments, several generations earlier than other musical instruments.

7. Xiao (surname)

The appearance of Xiao can be traced back to ancient times. Archaeology in China shows that bone tone instruments dating back more than 7000 years have been found in unearthed cultural relics, which archaeologists call? Bone whistle? (Cultural relics unearthed in Hemudu, Zhejiang Province, now in Zhejiang Museum). These bone whistles are made of the midlimb bones of birds. Ancient people took bone marrow from bones to form a hollow bone tube, and then punched holes in the tube wall. They are about 7 cm long, 6-8 mm in diameter, slightly arc-shaped, with two or three holes on the convex arc surface, which can blow out several sounds, thus forming a bone whistle. Although archaeologists call it bones

However, compared with modern flutes and flutes, whistles have basically possessed the embryonic form of musical instruments in terms of their shape, structure and sound-making principle. Can you think that bone flute should be the originator of flute? No wonder today, many wind music masters think that the bone whistle is the predecessor of today, so they simply call it? Bone flute? . So when did bamboo wind instruments come into being? Lu Chunqiu wrote:? The Yellow Emperor ordered Ling Lun to cut the bamboo of Kunlun for management? Record. It is said that in ancient times, the climate was warmer, and bamboo grew in the Yellow River valley of China. It is only because of climate change that the growth line of bamboo flute moves southward to the Yangtze River basin. The record of chopping bamboo as a pipe in Ling Lun fully shows that the use of bamboo as a musical instrument began in the Neolithic Age. According to legend, later generations put the rules of Linglun together and formed the ancient flute. In Yu Shun's time, there was a movie called? Hey? Ancient music and dance, huh? Today's? Xiao? Words. Because this kind of music and dance is mainly based on ancient paixiao, we think Shao's performance has brought paixiao into a new era. Daxia is an ancient music and dance with the ancient people praising Dayu's water control. It is divided into * * *? Ninety percent? (Jiuqu), with? Hey? Accompaniment, also known as? 90% Zhu Xia? . Bamboo is the predecessor of the flute. It can be seen that Xiao has experienced many years of modern history in China's music history from "Shao Shao" to "Xia". In the Zhou dynasty, China ancient musical instruments are divided into? Eight tones? They are: gold, stone, silk, bamboo, bamboo, earth, leather and wood, among which? Bamboo? It means Xiao and Chi. Since the tomb of Zeng Houyi was excavated in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xiao, as an ancient musical instrument, has always been concerned by people. So bring it up? Sizhu? People will naturally think of this instrument.

8. Harmony

Chimes first appeared in the Shang Dynasty, when they were mostly in groups of three or five, and they could play melodies. The chimes of Shang Dynasty are unique in shape and oval, and the surface of the chimes is decorated with simple animal faces.

In the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty, the number of chimes has grown from three to five to eight, which can emit two tones separated by three degrees or three degrees. At that time, chimes were often used for court banquets, known as? Music of bells and drums? .

In the middle and late spring and autumn period, it will be increased to a group of nine or thirteen people.

After Qin and Han dynasties, the bells used in court music in past dynasties were mostly round, and their shapes changed greatly. Each chime could only emit one kind of music. After more than 500 years of golden age, it turned from prosperity to decline.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, chimes were shelved. Yala? Besides being used in Chinese, it was also used in the Sui Dynasty. Nine songs? With don? Where are ten songs? Le Qing? And then what? Xi liangliang? , rarely spread among the people. In his works, poets in the Tang Dynasty described the sound of chimes as loud, sonorous and melodious.

From the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, little was known about the casting technology of chimes, and bell music was gradually eliminated. The chimes cast by the Qing court are not only different in shape from the traditional chimes, but also far in melody.

9. Erhu

Erhu is also called erhu? Hu Qin? , has appeared in the Tang dynasty, said? "Qin, said the song dynasty? Qin Qin? . It is generally believed that today's Huqin is developed from Xiqin, and now it has become a unique and attractive stringed instrument in China. It is not only suitable for expressing deep and sad content, but also suitable for describing magnificent artistic conception.

Erhu is one of the main bowstring instruments in China national musical instrument family. The word "Huqin" appeared in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the western regions and northern nationalities were called Hu people, and Huqin was a general term for musical instruments imported from the western regions and northern nationalities. After the Yuan Dynasty, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huqin became the general name of stringed instruments.

Two Springs Reflect on the Moon, Big Rivers Makes People Tears, Fantasia in Sanmenxia and Magnificent Thoughts on the Great Wall are all excellent representative works. Erhu developed into a solo instrument in the 1920s, which was inseparable from Liu Tianhua's contribution. After the innovation of many famous artists, erhu has become one of the most important solo instruments, and it is also an important instrument in the string part of a large ensemble.

Erhu is made of wood, with one end wrapped in python skin and two metal strings. The inner chord and the outer chord are separated by a pure five-degree angle. Generally, the inner string is d 1 and the outer string is a 1. Its playing techniques are very rich, including kneading (intonation), overtone, vibrato, glide, plucking and so on. The right hand has connected bow, divided bow, bow, jumping bow, trembling bow, flying bow and plucking bow. Erhu usually has the tuning of d 1 and a 1, and the effective range is three to four octaves.

10. Pipa

The shape of primitive pipa is different from that of modern pipa. The main difference is that the ancient pipa is round, which is different from the modern pear-shaped pipa. The pipa in Qin and Han dynasties belongs to the straight pipa, so-called? Straight item? This means that the handle of the instrument is straight. The pipa in Qin and Han Dynasties was disc-shaped. In the Western Jin Dynasty, Ruan Xian, one of the seven sages of bamboo forest, was good at playing pipa, so later generations called this instrument Ruan Xian.

What's it called now? Pipa? There are mainly curved pipa (there are also straight pipa, such as the five-stringed pipa of the Tang Dynasty collected by Rizheng Cangyuan), with the handle bent backwards and the body in a semi-pear shape. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it spread from Kucha in the Western Regions to the Northern Zhou Dynasty in China. Sui Shu? Music yearbook:? During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Zhou Dynasty, there was a Qiuci man named Su Zhipo, who entered the country from the Turkish empress and was good at playing the pipa. After listening to what they played, there were seven notes in the middle? . At that time, the pipa was played with a pick, and the way of playing was free and unrestrained. You don't need to sit still like a traditional musical instrument, and you can easily pluck it even on horseback. At present, Nanguan Pipa and Japanese Pipa still retain the way of cross-arm performance. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are the times when Hu Feng spread to the East. We can learn from a short passage in Yan Jiaxun at that time: a scholar-bureaucrat in Qi had a 17-year-old son. He is very knowledgeable and teaches him Xianbei language and pipa. ? A glimpse of the trend of learning pipa in those days. In this era, pipa is mainly used as an accompaniment instrument. Sui Shu? Music yearbook:? Qiuci country? His song is Mountain Mani, his music is Pogar, and his dance music is Xiaotian and Shuleshao.

The original collection of Dunhuang Pipa Books in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes (AD 933) shows that the pipa developed greatly in China in the Tang Dynasty. Under the rule of the royal family in Li Tang, pipa was a popular musical instrument at that time, and it was needed for various festivals, dances and other programs. At that time, the Chinese pipa was later divided into several factions, and the way of playing was changed to the straight grip, and fake nails's fingers were put on to play.

In ancient times, there used to be four-phase pipa with 13, 14 and 15, but now it has been increased to six-phase pipa with 18, 24, 26, 28 or 30, arranged according to the average law of 12, and the range of six-phase pipa of 28 products is A. Commonly used techniques include playing, picking, pinching, rolling, double-playing, double-picking, dividing, hooking, rubbing, buckling, brushing, right-hand wheel, half-wheel fingering, left-hand rubbing, chanting, picking, knocking, virtual pressing, twisting strings, overtones, pushing, pulling, pulling and noting. You can play various chords and chords. Famous songs include House of Flying Daggers, Overlord Dismantling His Armor, Moonlight in Xunyang, Chun Xue, Zhao Jun's Embarkation and so on.

The development of ancient musical instruments

This? Eight tones? This musical instrument was called in later generations. Huaxia laole? Or? Old things from China? It means pure Chinese musical instrument, mainly to distinguish it from foreign musical instruments.

After the opening of the Silk Road in the Western Han Dynasty, a large number of Chinese mainland appeared. Okoyi's happiness? For example, pipa, violin, violin, Jiegu, Qiangdi and so on, because these instruments can also be followed? Eight tones? Classification without reinventing a new classification.

In the Tang Dynasty? Guo Si? Is there much tribute (in present-day Myanmar)? Musical instrument? Do these instruments use the weekly system? Eight tones? Can't be classified, so it's still in use? Eight tones? In the name of, made some changes. According to New Tang Book? Nan Man? Is it recorded in Biography of the Tang Dynasty? Eight tones? Will it be once a week? Eight tones? what's up Stone? 、? Earth? 、? Wood? Change the third category to? Bay? 、? Teeth? 、? Horn? What about the Tang Department? Eight tones? For what? Gold, shellfish, silk, bamboo, leather, teeth and horns? ：

? Kim. There are bells and cymbals and iron plates;

? Bay? Classes include snails;

? Silk? Categories include grand piano, single string piano, grand piano, Tuo first Zheng, Feng first Qin, Long first pipa and Yuntou Qin;

? Bamboo? Categories include horizontal flute and double flute;

? Huh? Categories include "big" and "small";

? Leather? There are three-sided drums and small drums;

? Teeth? Category includes dental clinic;

? Horn? Categories include triangle sheng and double horn sheng. Introduction to the basics of ancient musical instruments