Battle of Goga Milla

33 1 BC was the year that decided the fate of Macedonia and Persia. King Macedon, who is only 22 years old, has captured half of the Persian Empire, which makes King Darius Iii very angry. Darius decided to rally the strength of the whole country and launch a decisive battle with King Alexander of Macedonia.

First, March

In the summer of 33 1 BC, Alexander personally led an army from Egypt. At this time, the king of Macedonia has become the king of Egypt and Phoenicia. He has successfully turned a large area of land in Africa and the Middle East into his own rear area, and the time is ripe for a decisive battle against Persia.

He led the army to the Euphrates River and joined the pamini army who was building a bridge on the east bank of the river. Darius originally sent 3,000 cavalry (including 2,000 Greek mercenaries) led by the former Syrian governor Mazayas to guard here, but Mazayas was frightened by Alexander in Isus. When he heard that Alexander was coming with a great army, he led the army to retreat eastward. Alexander therefore crossed the river smoothly. After the troops crossed the river, Alexander ordered to stop and have a rest.

On the fourth day after crossing the river, the scouts reported that the enemy was found on the plain not far away, and the number did not exceed 1000. Alexander immediately led several cavalry units to advance rapidly. These Persian cavalry don't want to work for Darius. As soon as they found out that Alexander personally led the attack, they immediately surrendered and became Alexander's prisoners. Alexander learned from their mouth that Darius' army was in Gauguin Milla village not far from here.

Darius has been trying to gather troops for a new decisive battle with Alexander. Strategically, it is extremely wrong for Darius to defeat Alexander through large-scale battles on the battlefield. Isus has proved that Darius is no match for Alexander on the battlefield. Darius' only way to win is to adopt the policy of clearing the field, instead of fighting positional warfare with Macedonian troops, he retreated and destroyed the cities along the way. Because Alexander is fighting in enemy-occupied areas, if we can't get the booty support from these cities, the army's supply will be very difficult, and it will be trapped in the enemy-occupied Wang Yang sea and exhausted. This is what Alexander is most afraid of. It's a pity that Darius and Persian generals are blind and arrogant, which makes them unwilling and disdainful. They prefer to compete with each other.

Second, confrontation

Darius made full preparations for the battle. Darius gathered as many troops as possible, and it was impossible to know how many. Later historians estimated that the Persian army might be around 80,000, which greatly exceeded the strength that Alexander could put into battle.

After learning of Darius' army from the prisoners, Alexander did not attack immediately, but stopped the troops and had a good rest for four days. Most people advocate an immediate attack, but only pamini and Europe suggest that we camp on the spot for the time being and conduct a comprehensive and detailed reconnaissance of the battlefield and the enemy's deployment.

Alexander adopted the opinion of pamini Ou, and let the troops deploy and camp on the spot according to the battle order. Alexander personally led the scouts to conduct a detailed reconnaissance of the future battlefield. After he came back, he called the generals to make a simple but provocative mobilization before the war. He used highly infectious and appealing language to arouse the fighting spirit of officers and men. In his speech, he stressed that the upcoming battle is a battle to solve the sovereignty problem of Asia as a whole, so everyone should show his true colors as a hero in the battle.

Encouraged by Alexander's impassioned speech, the generals gave orders to the young king. Contrary to Alexander's calmness and confidence in victory, Darius was in a state of panic and tension. Darius was afraid of Alexander's sudden attack at night, which made the soldiers fully armed and anxious. Before the two armies met, the balance of victory had fallen to Alexander's side.

Third, Gao Milla triumphed.

The fighting began in 33 BC 1 year, October BC 1 year, and early morning BC1year. When everything was ready, Alexander mounted his horse, raised his right hand, looked up at the sky and prayed that the gods would give Macedonians and Greeks shelter and strength. Alistair, his soothsayer, lit an eagle flying over Alexander's head with his finger, and the eagle immediately flew to the enemy line under the gaze of everyone. This scene excited the crowd and doubled their courage.

At the beginning of the battle, Alexander led the whole army to the right, making his right face the left of the Persian army. Darius's army took corresponding actions, making his left wing extend beyond Alexander's right wing and form a flank. The Persian army also sent cavalry to intercept Alexander's army, but it was dispersed by the Macedonian army. Alexander led the army to continue to push to the right and cross the Persian position. Darius immediately ordered his left-wing vanguard troops to outflank Alexander's right wing and prevent it from extending to the right wing and entering the rugged hilly area. Alexander understood Darius' intention and ordered Greece to hire cavalry to attack. As a result, the two sides scuffled.

Darius realized that if Alexander continued to push him, his chariot might be pushed out of the flat area and fall into the bumpy land. So Darius ordered the chariots to charge, and four horse-drawn chariots rushed at the Macedonian army one after another with bright swords, which was frightening. However, Alexander was ready, and the archers and javelin soldiers in front of him attacked the chariot head on. Persian chariots were immediately caught in a hail of bullets, and horses and chariot soldiers fell down one after another. Macedonian light soldiers rushed up and slashed the horses pulling the cart, and many chariot soldiers were dragged down. When the chariot that broke through the interception approached the phalanx, it was found that the phalanx soldiers did not stop them, but separated according to the order, let them get on the bus and destroy them one by one.

When the Persian chariot charged, Bisius' cavalry was attacking Alexander's right wing and scuffling with Macedonian Greek hired cavalry. In order to strengthen the offensive, Darius ordered all the cavalry on the two wings to attack Alexandria on the left and pamini Ou on the right. However, the cavalry guards ordered to attack Alexandria ran to the left to avoid the attack of Macedonian javelin soldiers and archers. As a result, most Persian cavalry ran to the left, and the front of Persian army immediately became a weak gap.

Fourth, Darius fled when he got cold feet.

Alexander immediately seized this fleeting opportunity and led the guards to quickly insert into the gap between the enemy lines. They shouted battle slogans and rushed to Darius. The guards of the flowing soil quickly resisted, and the hand-to-hand combat was extremely fierce. Darius' guard was stabbed to death. When Darius saw the Macedonian phalanx approaching, he did the same thing again, gave up his command responsibility, left his soldiers behind, turned his horse's head and ran away. However, Alexander forgot to chase him at this moment, because there was something wrong with pamini's left wing and he had to rush to support him.

The moment Alexander received pamini's letter for help, it was the time when Alexander set out to pursue Darius. He immediately returned to the left rear of the Persian cavalry and cooperated with Pameo to form the front and rear attack of the Persian cavalry. At this time, the Persian left-wing cavalry led by Bisius also outflanked here. The cavalry of both sides met head-on and launched a cavalry war. Because they are too close, they can't throw spears and organize formations, so they can only face to face and have close combat. In this kind of battle, only by killing the enemy can we survive, so the battle is extremely fierce. Sixty guards of Alexander died in the battlefield, and several partners, including He Feishen, were injured.

But Darius' first escape shook the morale of the army, and the bitter Persian right wing and the cavalry led by Bitzius were also unwilling to fight. The Persian army fled across the board and ran for their lives. Alexander immediately changed direction, pursued Darius until it was dark, then let the cavalry rest in the middle of the night, and then chased him to the town of Abela, 35 miles away from the battlefield, but he still didn't catch up. This is because it took Alexander too long to solve the crisis in pamini and Europe. Like Isus, Darius himself escaped, but his chariot and bow and arrow were left behind, becoming the trophy of Alexander.