The original and translated versions of the classical Chinese "Shi Shuo", "Encouraging Learning" and "On the Six Kingdoms" and the interchangeable words in the text.

Ancient scholars (1) must have teachers. Teacher, so 2 preach 3 by 4 industry 5 also. People are not born to know (6), who can not be confused? Being confused and not learning from the teacher is confused (7) and finally incomprehensible. Born before (8) me, I heard that (9) was also fixed before me, so I borrowed it (10); After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. I'm a teacher, and Fu Yong knows that his date was born by me (1 1)? Therefore, there is no nobility, no length, no shortage, the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers (12). Ha ha! Teacher Dao (13) has not been passed on for a long time! It's hard to be confused! Ancient sage, male (14), still in the distance, (15) asked the teacher questions; Today's people (16) are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers (17). Therefore, saints are good for saints and fools are good for fools (18). What makes saints holy and fools stupid? Love your son and choose a teacher to teach him. On him, he is ashamed of his teacher and confused (19)! The boy's teacher (20), who teaches and learns to read sentences (Dü u) (21), is not what I said to explain his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, or I don't know (22), or I don't know (fǒu), but I left a legacy in primary school (23), and I haven't seen it clearly. Witch doctor (24) is a musician (25), and he is not ashamed to be a teacher (26); Scholar-officials (27), who called their master and pupil Yunzhe, laughed together. When asked, say that he is similar to that year (28) and similar to Tao. Humble position leads to shame (29), and official position leads to contempt (yú)(30). Oh! The teacher's road is gone (3 1)! Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen (32) are contemptuous (33). Today, their wisdom is (34) and they cannot reach it. Very strange and embarrassing (yú)(35)! Saint impermanence division (36). Confucius studied under Zanzi (37), Hong (38) and Hong (39). A disciple of Tan (37) is not as virtuous as Confucius. Confucius said, "Where there are three people, there must be a teacher. (40) "Therefore, disciples need not be (4 1) inferior to teachers, and teachers need not be superior to disciples. There is an order of teaching and learning, and there is a profession with specialization (42), that's all. Li (pán)(43) is seventeen years old, and he is good at classical Chinese. His six art classics (biography) (44) are all familiar with Tzu Chi, and he learns more regardless of time (45). Yu Jiaqi can take the ancient road (46) and write Shi Shuo to convey (yí)(47).

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Scholar: One who studies. [2] So: used. Yes [3] Tao: refers to the philosophy, politics and other principles of Confucianism and Confucius. You can refer to the original road chosen by Han Yu in this book. [4] Accept: by "granting". Teaching. [5] karma: generally refers to the study of ancient classics, history, philosophers and ancient Chinese characters. You can refer to the contents of the author's research described in Han Yu's Understanding of Learning below this book. [6] People are not born knowing: people are not born knowing the truth. One: refers to knowledge and truth. The text of the Analects of Confucius: "Confucius said,' You are not born to know, but you want it.' "The Analects of Confucius Jishi": "Confucius said:' Those who are born with knowledge are also on the top; Those who learn and know, second. "Confucius admitted that some people were born with knowledge, but he thought he didn't. Han Yu further clarified that no one was born with it. [7] Equally puzzling are the problems that have become difficult. [8] Hu: Yu. [9] Wen Dao: The text "The Analects of Confucius": "Confucius said:' Wen Dao died in the evening. "Smell, listen, extended understanding. Tao: Here it is used as a verb, meaning to learn from the teacher. [10] So you should learn from him: follow him and worship him as a teacher. To be a teacher is to be a teacher. [1 1] Fu Yong knows that he was born in my place: Who cares if his birth date is earlier or later than mine? No, no, I don't know, I know, I know. Year: age. Where the Tao is, the teacher is: where the knowledge and truth are, the teacher is. It means that whoever understands the truth is his own teacher. [13] Teacher's way: Take the teacher as the way. That is, learning the Tao. Tao means fashion here. [14] Not ordinary people. Still. [16] people: ordinary people. [17] Shame on teachers: Shame on teachers. [18] Therefore, the sage is beneficial to the sage, and the fool is beneficial to the fool: therefore, the sage is wiser and the fool is more stupid. Benefits, more, more. [19] Confused: (really) confused! [20] Peter's teachers: those (enlightenment) teachers who teach children. [2 1] Sentence reading (dòu teasing): Also called sentence teasing. In ancient times, it was called a sentence with full meaning, which was read (teased) with full stop as a circle and comma as a point. There are no punctuation marks in ancient books, and teachers should teach children to read with funny sentences. Reading is funny. [22] Do you want to be a teacher (fǒu): Some ask the teacher (referring to such a small thing as "I don't know the sentence"), and some don't ask the teacher (referring to such a big thing as "being confused"). "No" and "No" are the same. When translating this sentence, pay attention to the mistranslation. Please refer to the following translation for details. [23] Primary school and great legacy: small aspects (I don't know what to read) have to learn, and big aspects (I don't understand) have given up. [24] Witch doctor: In ancient times, people who used superstitious methods such as prayer and divination or used drugs to treat diseases were even called witch doctors. There is a record of "witch doctor" in Yizhoushu Drama. "The Analects of Confucius Ji's": "A man without constancy cannot be a witch doctor." As a lowly profession. [25] Baigong: refers to craftsmen. [26] physiognomy: learn from each other's strengths. [27] Family: class. [28] Similarity: Similar, almost. [29] Humility is full of shame: (to be) low status (to be a teacher), you will feel ashamed. [30] Flattery (yú): Flattery. [3 1] Reply: Resume. [32] Gentleman: In ancient times, "Gentleman" had two meanings, one was a person with high status, and the other was a person with high moral character. The former is used here, which is equivalent to a scholar-bureaucrat. [33] contempt: disdain for the same column, showing contempt. Teeth, originally referring to age, also extended to arrangement. The young horse grows a tooth every year, so the age of a horse is counted by teeth, which also refers to the age of a person. The ancients often arranged each other according to their age. This sentence reflects the traditional prejudice of the feudal class. [34] Yes, actually. [35] Strange: Is it strange? First of all, modal particles play a role in strengthening rhetorical mood. [36] Immortal teacher: "The Analects of Confucius Zhang Zi": "Zi Gong said, ... How can a master not learn, but how can he always be a teacher? "Master, teacher, refers to Confucius. Zi Gong said that he didn't learn anything. Why should he have a certain teacher? [37] Tan Zi: The monarch of Tan Guo (now Tancheng, Shandong Province) in the Spring and Autumn Period, to whom Confucius once asked the official name of Hao Hao (the legendary ancient emperor). [38] cháng Hong: a doctor who respected Wang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Confucius once asked him questions about ancient music. Shi Xiang: During the Spring and Autumn Period, the musician of Lu was named Xiang, from whom Confucius had learned to play the piano. Teachers, musicians. [39] Lao Dan (dān Dan): that is, Laozi, a Chu man in the Spring and Autumn Period, a thinker and founder of the Taoist school. Confucius once asked him questions about manners. [40] Threesome sentence: The text "The Analects of Confucius": "Confucius said:' There must be a teacher in a threesome. Choose good and follow it, change bad and follow it. [4 1] Not necessarily: not necessarily. [42] There is a specialized division of labor in the technical field: (each) has its own (each) specialized research in knowledge and skills. Attack: study and research. [43] Li: (Pan) In the nineteenth year of Zhenyuan (803), he was a scholar. [44] Quasi: "Six Arts Classics". Six arts: refers to the six classics, namely, poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, music, Yi, Spring and Autumn. Classics: Prose before and after Han Dynasty. Biography: Annotate classic works. [45] Not limited by time: not limited by time and customs. When, when vulgar, refers to the bad atmosphere that the scholar-officials were ashamed to follow the teacher at that time. Yu, yes. [46] Can be an ancient road: Jia: praise, reward. [47] Ancient Road: Learning from the Ancient Road [48] Yi: Giving.

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People who studied in ancient times must have teachers. Teachers are used to impart truth, teach research and answer difficult questions. People are not born with knowledge and truth. Who can not doubt it? If you have questions but don't ask the teacher for advice, it will become a difficult problem, which can't be solved after all. People born before me, people who know knowledge and truth earlier than me, I follow him and take him as my teacher; If the person born after me knows knowledge and truth earlier than me, I will learn from him and take him as my teacher. I learned the truth. Who cares if he is older or younger than me? Therefore, regardless of status and age, the place where truth exists is the place where teachers exist. Alas! The fashion of learning from teachers has been lost for a long time, and it's hard to make people doubt it! Ancient saints who far exceeded the average person even followed the teacher and asked for advice from the teacher; Nowadays, ordinary people are far from saints, but they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Therefore, saints are wiser and fools are more stupid. This is probably why saints can become saints and fools can become fools, right? Love your child and choose a teacher to teach him. But for himself, learning from the teacher is shameful and confusing! Those children's teachers, who teach them to read and learn sentences from books, are not teachers who teach truth and solve problems. I don't know how to ask the teacher to break sentences, but I have doubts that I can't solve myself and I don't want to ask the teacher. I must learn the small aspect (sentence reading) and abandon the big aspect (solving puzzles). I can't see where his cleverness lies. Doctors, musicians and craftsmen of all kinds are not ashamed to learn from each other. When people like scholar-officials talked about mentoring, they got together and laughed at him. Ask the scoffer (the reason for laughing at him) and they will say, "That person is about the same age as someone, and his cultivation and studies are similar." How can you call him a teacher? It is shameful to bring a teacher with a low position, and it is flattering to call a teacher with a high position. "ah! The fashion of learning from teachers can't be restored, so we can know. Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen are all looked down upon by literati, and now their knowledge is not as good as these people. This is really strange! A saint has no fixed teacher. Confucius used to learn from Zanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. People like Tan Zi are (of course) inferior to Confucius in moral ability. Confucius said, "When many people walk together, there must be a teacher. "So, students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily more talented than disciples. Knowing the truth is the first priority, and learning and skills have their own research, just like this. Li's son is seventeen years old. He likes classical Chinese, and has a general study of the Six Arts Classics and Biography. He is unaffected by the times and learns from me. I praised him for fulfilling the fashion of learning from the ancients and wrote this "Teacher's Theory" to him.