Who is the author of Zhouyi?

According to the interpretation of Zhouyi in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Yijing in Zheng Xuan, "Zhou" means "Zhou Pu", that is, everything is ready and goes on and on. However, in the Book of Changes Justice written by Confucius in the Tang Dynasty, "Zhou" refers to the place name of Qiyang, which is a noun of the Zhou Dynasty. Some people think that the Book of Changes was popular in the Zhou Dynasty, so it is called the Book of Changes. According to Records of Historical Records, some people think that the Book of Changes was written by Zhou Wenwang. However, in several earlier documents, such as The Analects of Confucius, Zhuangzi and Zuo Zhuan, the Book of Changes was only called Zhouyi, and the name of Zhouyi first appeared in Zhou Li. However, scholars are still controversial about the age of Zhou Li. So as far as literature is concerned, "Zhou" should be added later. If we look at the system, the name of Sanyi has no dynasty name, so Zhou in Zhouyi can be interpreted as Zhou Pu and other two divination books, which are relatively corresponding. However, it is still a question whether there were mountains in Xia Dynasty and whether there were Tibetan exiles in Shang Dynasty. The two books are probably the phenomena mentioned in the theory of the accumulation of ancient history. Therefore, it is certain that the book of changes or the book of changes was originally called the book of changes. In the simple Tao Te Ching, Zhou is thoughtful and complete, which means that the change of movement has no result. When Tai Hao and Fu created bamboo slips, they arranged the symbols of bamboo slips (that is, the symbols of Yin and Yang in the current gossip) into a circle, that is, a week, which made it clear that the week was the main part of bamboo slips. The Zhou word in Zhouyi is not used in the Zhou Dynasty, but in the Zhou Dynasty or Zhou surname, using the perfect word "Zhou" in the simple Tao Te Ching. There is no doubt that Zhou characters in Zhouyi have replaced simple simplified characters. The change of everything in nature is the fundamental phenomenon of Yi. Endless and fruitless, it shows that Yi is the change of things, and every change of things has a definite result, which is Yi Xiang. Jane's Zhou and Zhou Zhiyi show that Zhou is Jane's and Yi is Zhou's. In the arrangement of father and son, it is: The Book of Changes. It can be seen that "sketch" is a vocal tool for judging and reasoning.

& lt& lt Zhouyi >> A brief overview

It is said that the birthplace of Zhouyi is the world heritage city Anyang. Qili City is located at 10 km south of Anyang City. The most basic element of the Yi Gua system is the concept of Yin and Yang, including the nature and state of Yin and Yang. If we ignore the state of Yin and Yang and only talk about their nature, we can use Yang Yao (-) and Yin Yao (-) to represent Yin and Yang. The above-mentioned Yin and Yang hexagrams are overlapped three times from bottom to top, forming eight basic hexagrams, namely, "Gan, Kun, Zhen, Xun, Kan, Li, Gen and Hui", which are called Eight Classics hexagrams. You can get six hexagrams by overlapping eight classics and hexagrams. * * * * There are sixty-four hexagrams, which are called other sixty-four hexagrams, and each hexagram has a specific name. If we consider the state of Yin and Yang again, the concept of Yin and Yang can be further divided into four situations, namely "old Yin, Lao Yang, less Yin and less Yang", which can be expressed by four symbols, namely "X, O,-,-,-". Each order of each hexagram may have four states of Yin and Yang, so there are 4096 different hexagrams in all the hexagrams changing systems. If all the hexagrams with the same yin and yang properties are put together, 64 subsystems with the same name of the main hexagrams can be formed, which can be called a hexagram system. The content of the text description in the Book of Changes is the interpretation of the symbolic meaning of some Yi hexagrams in the sixty-four hexagrams system and the corresponding judgment of personnel quality (called occupation). Among them, the first item of each divination system is the corresponding static divination, and the last six items (there are seven items in Gankun divination system) are the sequential divination of the corresponding divination system. After Qin and Han dynasties, there was a wrong or vague understanding of it.

The books divination and Zhouyi originated from the practice of divination in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Perhaps at the end of the Shang Dynasty, Zhou Wenwang wrote down the hexagrams in the sixty-four hexagrams system. Later in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius' disciples inherited Confucius' discovery of Zhouyi and wrote Yi Zhuan. When Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, Lisi listed it as a medical divination book and preserved it.

The invention of using gossip to predict information in Zhouyi is a true portrayal of China people's materialistic world outlook. They know the society, transform it, and promote its continuous development in practice. Therefore, Yi Gua and Zhouyi are a great information base.

After thousands of years of vicissitudes, Zhouyi has become the root of China culture. Yi Dao pays attention to the interaction between Yin and Yang, combines rigidity with softness, and advocates self-improvement and morality. In the 5,000-year history of civilization, it is a difficult thing in our daily life that the Chinese nation has been able to endure numerous disasters for a long time, avoid difficulties, recover from decline, and continue to grow and develop, which is closely related to our nation's grasp of the times of Yi Dao spirit. We don't turn to idols, but use the scientific method of gossip to predict information about nature and people, so as to know everything.

Zhouyi is a splendid cultural treasure in ancient times, which was used by the ancients to predict the future, make decisions on state affairs, reflect the current situation and measure heaven, earth and personnel. However, this is only a means that the ancients relied on before mastering the scientific method, and it is not a real science. Although some understandings are scientific, it is because they are only scientific and reasonable, but they cannot be said to be scientific. It can only be regarded as a culture.

At present, there is still no significant progress in the exploration of the principle of Yi-ology in China, and the theoretical research is stagnant, and the thinking is chaotic, and the practical application tends to be mysterious. The above situation has seriously distorted the academic status of Yi-ology, hindered the benign development of China Yi-ology, and blinded the true value of Yi-ology.

The Book of Changes is a classic that can best reflect the culture of China. It holds that everything in the world is developing and changing, and the basic elements of its change are Yin (-) and Yang (-). The Book of Changes says, "One yin and one yang is the way." Everything in the world is the result of the interaction of yin and yang. The research object of Zhouyi is heaven, earth and man, and man is the foundation. Three talents have their own yin and yang, so the Book of Changes has six hexagons. As Shuo Gua said: "Heaven stands for Yin and Yang, the earth stands for rigidity and softness, and man stands for benevolence and righteousness. It's a combination of three talents, so "easy" is stubborn. It is divided into yin and yang, and it is both rigid and soft, so the Book of Changes is six chapters. " Gankun is the divination of pure yang, and Kun is the divination of pure yin. Gan Kun is the general representative of Yin and Yang, and also the foundation of Yin and Yang. In Cohesion, Confucius said that "dry Kun becomes evil" and "dry Kun becomes evil". Yi Gan Wei Zhi Du said: "Gan Kun is the root of Yin and Yang and the ancestor of all things." The ranking of the popular Book of Changes is based on the preface and divination, with Gan and Kun as the first. "Cohesion" begins with: "Heaven honors the earth, and you can do it. Humble and high, with Chen, high and low. There are both movements and movements, and there are just softness. " Classical Chinese is a biography devoted to the study of Gankun's divination virtue, which extends Gankun's divination virtue to the category of humanistic morality. This shows that Gan and Kun are the two most important hexagrams in Zhouyi, and they are also the basis of the philosophy of Yin and Yang in Zhouyi. [Edit this paragraph] The interpretation of Zhouyi is "Zhou", and the Book of Changes by Zheng Xuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty thinks that "Zhou" is "Zhou Pu", that is, everything is ready and capricious. However, in the Book of Changes Justice written by Confucius in the Tang Dynasty, "Zhou" refers to the place name of Qiyang, which is a noun of the Zhou Dynasty. Some people think that the Book of Changes was popular in the Zhou Dynasty, so it is called the Book of Changes. According to Records of Historical Records, some people think that the Book of Changes was written by Zhou Wenwang. However, in several earlier documents, such as The Analects of Confucius, Zhuangzi and Zuo Zhuan, the Book of Changes was only called Zhouyi, and the name of Zhouyi first appeared in Zhou Li. However, scholars are still controversial about the age of Zhou Li. So as far as literature is concerned, "Zhou" should be added later. If we look at the system, the name of Sanyi has no dynasty name, so Zhou in Zhouyi can be interpreted as Zhou Pu and other two divination books, which are relatively corresponding. However, it is still a question whether there were mountains in Xia Dynasty and whether there were Tibetan exiles in Shang Dynasty. The two books are probably the phenomena mentioned in the theory of the accumulation of ancient history. Therefore, it is certain that the book of changes or the book of changes was originally called the book of changes.

"Yi" has several explanations:

1. Yi's name comes from a lizard, which is a hieroglyph. This statement comes from Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi. Lizards can change color, commonly known as "chameleon", so the change meaning of "Yi" is the extended meaning of lizards.

2. It must be pointed out that the understanding of "Yi" in the Western Zhou Dynasty should be based on the reform of the ritual and music system in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Etiquette refers to the festival of leisure, that is, easy music, which are the means and tools for the ruling class to control the people and maintain the patriarchal clan system. The Book of Changes preserved the framework of the symphony of bells and drums in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the eating and drinking of bells and drums was unimaginable in the bottom society of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

3. the sun and the moon change easily, symbolizing yin and yang.

Sunrise is easy. Chen Guying thinks this meaning is also the original meaning of "dry".

5. Yi is the name of divination.

6. Change means that everything in the world is constantly changing, so Zhouyi is a book that teaches people to face change.

7. Trading, that is, the mutual change between yin eliminating yang and yang eliminating yin. As shown in the general taiji diagram.

8.' Yi' is' Tao', an eternal truth. Even if things change at any time, the eternal Tao will not change. Biography of Cohesion: "Life is easy". Life is endless, just like "the meaning of life lies in creating the life that the universe continues". It is new and new to experience the beauty of life. )

There are also three meanings in the records of Taibu in Zhou Li. Sanyi refers to the divination books of three different dynasties: Lianshan, Guizang and Zhouyi. It is said that Lianshan is the Oracle of Xia Dynasty, Guizang is the Oracle of Yin Shang Dynasty, and Zhouyi is the Oracle of Zhou Dynasty.

Zheng Xuan's Book of Changes in the Eastern Han Dynasty holds that "Yi Yi has three meanings: Jane Yi Yi also; Change two also; It is not easy to do three. " This sentence summarizes the three meanings of Yi: simplicity, change and constancy. That is to say, the existence of things in the universe is 1) It is natural and shows two properties: easy and simple; 2) Always changing; 3) remain unchanged. As the Book of Songs said, "the moon meets the sun" or "the moon rises at a constant speed", the movement of the sun and the moon shows an artificial nature and is simple. Its position and shape change from time to time and are changeable; However, it is always "not easy" for the East to go out and the West to fall.

I ching refers to classic works. Confucianism regards Zhouyi, Shangshu, Shijing, Book of Rites and Chunqiu as five classics. As mentioned earlier, The Classic was later added as a title in recognition of these books. The Five Classics were originally called Yi, History, Skill, Reason, Spring and Autumn. [Edit this paragraph] Source and principle In the simple Tao Te Ching, Zhou is thoughtful and complete, which means that the movement changes without results. When Tai Hao and Fu created bamboo slips, they arranged the symbols of bamboo slips (that is, the symbols of Yin and Yang in the current gossip) into a circle, that is, a week, which made it clear that the week was the main part of bamboo slips. The Zhou word in Zhouyi is not used in the Zhou Dynasty, but in the Zhou Dynasty or Zhou surname, using the perfect word "Zhou" in the simple Tao Te Ching. There is no doubt that Zhou characters in Zhouyi have replaced simple simplified characters. The change of everything in nature is the fundamental phenomenon of Yi. Endless and fruitless, it shows that Yi is the change of things, and every change of things has a definite result, which is Yi Xiang. Jane's Zhou and Zhou Zhiyi show that Zhou is Jane's and Yi is Zhou's. In the arrangement of father and son, it is: The Book of Changes. It can be seen that "sketch" is a vocal tool for judging and reasoning.

& lt& lt Zhouyi >> A brief overview

It is said that the birthplace of Zhouyi is the world heritage city Anyang. Qili City is located at 10 km south of Anyang City. The most basic element of the Yi Gua system is the concept of Yin and Yang, including the nature and state of Yin and Yang. If we ignore the state of Yin and Yang and only talk about their nature, we can use Yang Yao (-) and Yin Yao (-) to represent Yin and Yang. The above-mentioned Yin and Yang hexagrams are overlapped three times from bottom to top, forming eight basic hexagrams, namely, "Gan, Kun, Zhen, Xun, Kan, Li, Gen and Hui", which are called Eight Classics hexagrams. You can get six hexagrams by overlapping eight classics and hexagrams. * * * * There are sixty-four hexagrams, which are called other sixty-four hexagrams, and each hexagram has a specific name. If we consider the state of Yin and Yang again, the concept of Yin and Yang can be further divided into four situations, namely "old Yin, Lao Yang, less Yin and less Yang", which can be expressed by four symbols, namely "X, O,-,-,-". Each order of each hexagram may have four states of Yin and Yang, so there are 4096 different hexagrams in all the hexagrams changing systems. If all the hexagrams with the same yin and yang properties are put together, 64 subsystems with the same name of the main hexagrams can be formed, which can be called a hexagram system. The content of the text description in the Book of Changes is the interpretation of the symbolic meaning of some Yi hexagrams in the sixty-four hexagrams system and the corresponding judgment of personnel quality (called occupation). Among them, the first item of each divination system is the corresponding static divination, and the last six items (there are seven items in Gankun divination system) are the sequential divination of the corresponding divination system. After Qin and Han dynasties, there was a wrong or vague understanding of it.

The books divination and Zhouyi originated from the practice of divination in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Perhaps at the end of the Shang Dynasty, Zhou Wenwang wrote down the hexagrams in the sixty-four hexagrams system. Later in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius' disciples inherited Confucius' discovery of Zhouyi and wrote Yi Zhuan. When Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, Lisi listed it as a medical divination book and preserved it.

The invention of using gossip to predict information in Zhouyi is a true portrayal of China people's materialistic world outlook. They know the society, transform it, and promote its continuous development in practice. Therefore, Yi Gua and Zhouyi are a great information base.

After thousands of years of vicissitudes, Zhouyi has become the root of China culture. Yi Dao pays attention to the interaction between Yin and Yang, combines rigidity with softness, and advocates self-improvement and morality. In the 5,000-year history of civilization, it is a difficult thing in our daily life that the Chinese nation has been able to endure numerous disasters for a long time, avoid difficulties, recover from decline, and continue to grow and develop, which is closely related to our nation's grasp of the times of Yi Dao spirit. We don't turn to idols, but use the scientific method of gossip to predict information about nature and people, so as to know everything.

Zhouyi is a splendid cultural treasure in ancient times, which was used by the ancients to predict the future, make decisions on state affairs, reflect the current situation and measure heaven, earth and personnel. However, this is only a means that the ancients relied on before mastering the scientific method, and it is not a real science. Although some understandings are scientific, it is because they are only scientific and reasonable, but they cannot be said to be scientific. It can only be regarded as a culture.

At present, there is still no significant progress in the exploration of the principle of Yi-ology in China, and the theoretical research is stagnant, and the thinking is chaotic, and the practical application tends to be mysterious. The above situation has seriously distorted the academic status of Yi-ology, hindered the benign development of China Yi-ology, and blinded the true value of Yi-ology.

The Book of Changes is a classic that can best reflect the culture of China. It holds that everything in the world is developing and changing, and the basic elements of its change are Yin (-) and Yang (-). The Book of Changes says, "One yin and one yang is the way." Everything in the world is the result of the interaction of yin and yang. The research object of Zhouyi is heaven, earth and man, and man is the foundation. Three talents have their own yin and yang, so the Book of Changes has six hexagons. As Shuo Gua said: "Heaven stands for Yin and Yang, the earth stands for rigidity and softness, and man stands for benevolence and righteousness. It's a combination of three talents, so "easy" is stubborn. It is divided into yin and yang, and it is both rigid and soft, so the Book of Changes is six chapters. " Gankun is the divination of pure yang, and Kun is the divination of pure yin. Gan Kun is the general representative of Yin and Yang, and also the foundation of Yin and Yang. In Cohesion, Confucius said that "dry Kun becomes evil" and "dry Kun becomes evil". Yi Gan Wei Zhi Du said: "Gan Kun is the root of Yin and Yang and the ancestor of all things." The ranking of the popular Book of Changes is based on the preface and divination, with Gan and Kun as the first. "Cohesion" begins with: "Heaven honors the earth, and you can do it. Humble and high, with Chen, high and low. There are both movements and movements, and there are just softness. " Classical Chinese is a biography devoted to the study of Gankun's divination virtue, which extends Gankun's divination virtue to the category of humanistic morality. This shows that Gan and Kun are the two most important hexagrams in Zhouyi, and they are also the basis of the philosophy of Yin and Yang in Zhouyi. [Edit this paragraph] The origin of Zhouyi. For Zhouyi and Hanshu? 6? 1 literature and art annals said: "The Book of Changes is profound, people are more holy, and the world is three ancient." This statement is most accepted by Han and Confucianism. There is a saying in the Book of Changes: "Those who follow the emperor's plan are wise, those who benefit from divination are literary, and those who become famous are Confucius." In short, the theory of "three sages" and "three ancient times" refers to the Yellow River, which reached the sky in ancient times, and now it is a god beast "dragon horse", whose back is covered with magical patterns, and the sage Fuxi copied it and looked up at astronomy and geography as "gossip"; In the Middle Ages, Ji Chang was imprisoned in prison, so he viewed the theory of news of Yin and Yang, emphasized that gossip was sixty-four hexagrams, and made divination, that is, "Wang Wen was arrested and read Zhouyi"; In ancient times, Confucius liked the Book of Changes, lamented that the ceremony collapsed and the music was bad, and wrote ten pieces of Yi Zhuan. Before the Song Dynasty, there were many doubts about those who attached great importance to divination. One person, Wang Bi, thinks that Fuxi's self-respect is sixty-four after painting gossip; Second, Zheng Xuan believed that Shennong attached importance to divination; Third, Sun Sheng thought that Yu Xia attached great importance to divination.

It was not until Ouyang Xiu wrote Yi Tong Wen Zi in the Northern Song Dynasty that Confucius was not the only one who thought that there were seven kinds of contradictions in Yi Zhuan: "Although there are many words, it is enough to tell whether the words are good or bad." Those who say this number are also omitted. The rest is slightly different, but the big idea is the same, and you can't win. It is not surprising to say that it was told by various schools of thought, but people in the past took it in order to interpret the classics, so it was not refined. To say that it comes from one person is to breed a lot of words. He thinks the work of a saint is a big mistake. "(see Yi Boy's question? 6? 1 volume 3). As for the later generations, the wind of doubting the past is gradually rising. In Qing Dynasty, Yao Jiheng's General Theory of Yi Zhuan and Kang Youwei's Textual Research on New Learning and Pseudo-Classics both thought that Yi Zhuan was not written by Confucius. In the 1920s and 1930s, famous scholars such as Qian, Feng Youlan, Gu Jiegang, Guo Moruo all thought that the Book of Changes was not written by Confucius, while Mr. Gu Jiegang inferred that it was written from the end of the Warring States Period to the early Western Han Dynasty. Only Mr. Jin insisted that it was written by Confucius.

Up to now, there are many records in the Silk Book found in Mawangdui tomb in Changsha that indirectly prove that the author or related author of Yi Zhuan is Confucius, which needs further textual research, but we should also warn those who blindly doubt the past.

On the other hand, the origin of the name of Zhouyi is also controversial.

There have always been two versions of the word "Zhou". One is the Zhou Dynasty, and the other is Zhou Pu. The implication of the former is that Zhouyi is a book of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The reason is that "Zhou Li" has a cloud: "There are three reforms, one is Lianshan, the other is Tibetan, and the third is Zhouyi", and this theory holds that Lianshan is a book of divination in Shennong era, and Shennong is also called Lianshan's family, and Tibetan is a book of divination in Huangdi era. The latter takes Zheng Xuan's "A Praise" as an example. "The people who" connect mountains "are endless. People who' return to Tibet' will hide everything inside; Everything is ready for the Book of Changes and the Book of Changes. " Therefore, the word "Zhou" in Zhouyi means "Zhou Puzi".