What effect does the temperature of aluminum rod have on the material surface during extrusion?

The most widely used non-ferrous metal structural materials in aluminum alloy industry are widely used in aviation, aerospace, automobile, machinery manufacturing, shipbuilding, chemical industry and other industries. With the rapid development of science and technology in recent years and the increasing demand of industrial economy, aluminum alloy welding structure and aluminum alloy welding will also be deeply studied. The wide application of aluminum alloy promotes the development and application of aluminum alloy welding technology, which is becoming one of the research hotspots. Pure aluminum (ρ= 2.7g/m3), the density of iron is about 1/3, the melting point is low (660℃), and aluminum has a face-centered cubic structure, so it has high plasticity (δ: from 32 to 40%, ψ: 70? 90%), easy to process, and can be made into various profiles and metal plates. Good corrosion resistance is very low, but the strength, tensile strength and value of pure aluminum in annealed state are about 8kgf/mm2, so it is an unsuitable structural material. In production, through long-term practice and scientific experiments, people gradually add alloying elements and heat treatment to strengthen aluminum, thus obtaining the use of a series of aluminum alloys. The alloy formed by adding some elements keeps the advantage of light weight of pure aluminum, but it also has high strength, and the tensile strength and strength value can reach 24? 60 kgf/mm2. This makes alloy structural steel as an ideal structural material, which is widely used in machinery, transportation machinery, power machinery and aviation industry. The specific strength (the ratio of strength to proportion σ b/ρ) of aircraft fuselage, skin and compressor is better. In order to reduce weight, it is usually made of aluminum alloy. Welding with aluminum alloy instead of steel plate material can reduce the weight of the structure by more than 50%. Low-density aluminum alloy, but its strength is relatively high, close to or higher than high-quality steel and plastic, can be processed into various profiles, and has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, and is widely used in industry. Aluminum can be divided into two categories: cast aluminum alloy and forged aluminum alloy casting, and can withstand pressure processing. Processed into various forms and made into specifications of aluminum alloy materials. Mainly used for manufacturing aviation equipment and building doors and windows. Aluminum alloy processing methods can be divided into wrought aluminum alloy and cast aluminum alloy. Forged aluminum alloys can be divided into non-heat strengthened aluminum alloys and strengthened heat treatable aluminum alloys. Non-thermal strengthening does not improve mechanical properties through heat treatment, but through cold deformation, mainly including high-purity aluminum, industrial high-purity aluminum, industrial aluminum and rust-proof aluminum. Heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloys can improve their mechanical properties through quenching and aging treatment. It can be divided into hard aluminum, forged aluminum, superhard aluminum and special aluminum alloy. Some aluminum alloys can also be heated to obtain good mechanical, physical and corrosion resistance. Chemical composition of cast aluminum alloy? These compounds can be divided into aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-copper alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, aluminum-zinc alloy and aluminum rare earth alloy. Al-Si alloy has simple Al-Si alloy (low mechanical properties and good castability without heat treatment) and special Al-Si alloy (high mechanical properties and good castability, which can be strengthened by heat treatment).

torch

Xiangyun, the torch of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, is made of aluminum.

Edit this Duan Chun aluminum product.

? Pure aluminum smelting products and pressure processing. The chemical composition of the former is al, and the latter is expressed by pinyin LV (aluminum, industrial use).

plane

Various aviation aluminum alloys are used as main structural materials. Aircraft skins, beams, ribs, stringers, frames and landing gears made of aluminum alloy. According to different purposes of aircraft, the amount of aluminum is also different. Focus on the economic benefits of aluminum alloys for civil aircraft, such as the structural weight of Boeing 767 of 8 1%. Because of the good commercial performance of military aircraft, compared with reducing the amount of aluminum, such as the F- 15 high-performance fighter with a maximum flight speed of Mach 2.5, only 35.5% aluminum alloy, some aluminum alloys with good low-temperature performance-183? -253 [2℃ is neither cold nor brittle, and the environment is liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. It does not react with concentrated nitric acid and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, so it is a good material for making liquid rockets. The fuel tank, oxidizer tank, fuel tank section, tail and equipment cabin of Saturn V launch vehicle that started Apollo spacecraft are all made of aluminum alloy. The crew cabin, front fuselage, middle fuselage, rear fuselage, vertical tail, flap, aileron and horizontal tail of the space shuttle are all made of aluminum alloy. The main structural materials of artificial earth satellites and space probes are aluminum alloys.

Edit the process of forging and repairing damage in this paragraph.

? Damage repair of aluminum alloy is an important link in forging process. In the process of high temperature, the viscosity and fluidity are poor, and it is easy to stick to the mold to produce various surface defects (folding, burr, crack, etc.). ), the softer aluminum alloy must be polished and repaired to remove the surface defects, otherwise the defects will be further expanded in the subsequent process, or even the forgings will be scrapped. Tools for repairing damage, air mill, air knife, small electric knife, flat shovel. Before repairing the injury, make sure that the defect is corroded, and the repaired wound is in a smooth transition state, and its width should be 5 to 10 times the depth.

Edit this section of pressure processing aluminum alloy.

? Aluminum alloy pressure processing products are divided into seven categories: rust prevention (LF), hardness (LY), forging (LD), superhard (LC), cladding (LB), special (LT) and brazing (LQ). Annealing (M annealing), quenching (Y) and hot rolling (R) of commonly used aluminum alloy materials.

Edit this part of aluminum

? Aluminum and aluminum alloy materials are processed into certain shapes, groups, aluminum, sheets, belts, foils, tubes, rods, wires and profiles.

Edit this section of aluminum alloy plate.

1 aluminum composite plate

? The polymer adhesive film with PE plastic as the core layer was made from the aluminum-manganese alloy surface of aluminum-plastic composite board and the aluminum-magnesium alloy plate coated with 3003 and 5005 paints. It retains the main characteristics of the original composition material (aluminum alloy plate non-metallic polyethylene), and overcomes the shortcomings of the original composition material, thus obtaining a lot of excellent material properties. Product features: colorful decoration, weather resistance, corrosion resistance, knock resistance, fire prevention, moisture resistance, sound insulation, heat insulation, impact resistance, light weight, easy processing and molding, easy handling and installation. Specification of aluminum-plastic plate: thickness: 3mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, width: 1220mm, length: 1500mm, 2440 = 3000mm, 6000mm aluminum composite plate standard size: 1220 * 2440mm aluminum.

2 aluminum veneer

? Aluminum veneer processing high-quality aluminum alloy and world-renowned enterprises, as well as surface coating PPG, or Aksu PVDF fluorocarbon coating refined aluminum veneer panel, strengthening bones, lifting ears and so on. Characteristics of aluminum veneer: light weight, good rigidity, high strength, nonflammable and fire-resistant, good manufacturability, optional color, excellent decorative effect, easy recycling and environmental protection. Application of aluminum veneer: building curtain wall, column beam, balcony, partition bag, interior decoration, advertising signboard, vehicle, furniture, booth, instrument shell, subway marine tools.

3 aluminum honeycomb panel

? Using composite honeycomb structure, high quality 3003H24 aluminum alloy or 5052AH 14 high manganese alloy aluminum honeycomb plate as the base material, hot pressing and aluminum honeycomb core composite molding. The material, shape, joint, installation system, color and surface treatment of aluminum honeycomb panel provide architects with rich choices, showing people rich roof performance and excellent design freedom. This is a new material with convenient construction, satisfactory overall performance and remarkable thermal insulation effect, and its superior performance has attracted people's attention. Do you have standard size aluminum honeycomb panels? According to the design drawings, all worksheets customized by the factory are widely used in building facades (especially high-rise buildings), indoor ceilings, partitions, doors, insulated carriages, billboards and so on. This product will become a new driving force of green, environmental protection and energy-saving building materials in China market.

Aluminum honeycomb perforated sound-absorbing ceiling board

? Aluminum honeycomb perforated sound-absorbing ceiling perforated back plate structure The perforated aluminum plate is directly bonded to the aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure, honeycomb core panel and back plate adhesive layer by means of high-quality adhesive and aluminum honeycomb core sound-absorbing cloth. Due to the use of aluminum honeycomb, the honeycomb core is divided into a large number of closed cells, thus preventing air flow and acoustic obstruction, improving the light absorption coefficient (above 0.9), and at the same time improving the strength of the board, so that the size of the single chip can be made larger and the design freedom can be further increased. Room acoustics designed composite structures with different perforation rates, and controlled the sound absorption coefficient within a certain range, which not only satisfied the design effect, but also controlled the cost reasonably. By controlling the diameter and spacing of perforation, the maximum perforation rate can be obtained.

Edit this cast aluminum alloy

? Elements other than cast aluminum alloy (ZL), such as aluminum, copper, magnesium, zinc and silicon, are divided into four categories with symbol codes of 100, 200, 300 and 400 respectively. In order to obtain high-quality precision castings, cast aluminum alloys of various shapes and specifications generally have the following characteristics. (1) the groove in the filled groove has good fluidity, (2) the melting point is lower than that of ordinary metal, but it can meet a large part of the requirements, (3) the heat of aluminum liquid can be quickly transferred to the mold, and the casting period is short, (4) harmful gases such as hydrogen in the melt can be treated, and (5) the casting of aluminum alloy can be effectively controlled. Whether there is a tendency of thermal embrittlement (6) Good chemical stability and corrosion resistance (7) It is not easy to produce surface defects, and it has good surface smoothness and luster, which is easy for surface treatment. (8) The machinability of casting aluminum alloy can be cast by gypsum casting with difficult-to-modify mold, green sand casting surface investment and dry sand casting process, or by vacuum casting, low-pressure and high-pressure casting, extrusion casting, semi-solid casting and centrifugal casting. Cast aluminum alloy is widely used in automobiles, such as engine cylinder head, intake manifold, piston, wheel hub, power steering housing and so on.

Edit this section of high strength aluminum alloy.

? High-strength aluminum alloy, aluminum alloy with tensile strength greater than 480 MPa, pressure-worked aluminum alloy, rust-proof aluminum alloy, hard aluminum alloy, superhard aluminum alloy, deformed aluminum alloy and aluminum-lithium alloy.

Edit this aluminum alloy bug fix.

? In the process of aluminum alloy production, casting defects such as shrinkage cavity, sand hole, air hole and slag inclusion are easy to occur. How to repair aluminum alloy casting defects, such as air holes? During the maintenance of welding and TIG welding equipment, due to the large heat capacity, it is easy to produce side effects such as small thermal deformation, which can not meet the requirements of repair welding. The cold welding repair machine uses the principle of high frequency spark and non-thermal surfacing to repair casting defects. Cold welding in heat affected zone will not cause annealing deformation, crack and hard spot hardening of matrix. The welding strength is high, the auxiliary materials and the substrate are solidified after melting, and the combination is firm. After grinding, milling and filing, they are dense and do not fall off. Cold welding repair machine is an ideal way to repair small defects such as aluminum pores and sand holes.

In this section, edit the classification of typical uses of different grades of aluminum alloys.

? Aluminum alloy: 1000 series aluminum alloy, 1050, 1060, 1 100 series represents a series of classifications. In all series, 1000 series is aluminum content series. The purity can reach above 99.00%. Production technology, because it contains no other technical elements, is relatively simple and cheap, and is the most commonly used in a series of conventional industries. 1050 and 1060 series in most circulation markets. 1000 series aluminum plates are determined according to the last two Arabic numerals. In this series, such as 1050 series, according to the internationally named 50 grades, the lowest aluminum content is in the last two Arabic numerals, and the aluminum content must be greater than 99.5% to be qualified products. It is also clearly stipulated that the technical standard of aluminum alloy in China (gB/T3880-2006) is 1050, and the aluminum content is 99.5%. Similarly, the aluminum content of 1060 series aluminum plates is 99.6%. Two product lines: 2000 series aluminum alloy represents 2024, 2 A 16(LY 16) and 2A02(LY6). 2000 series aluminum plates are characterized by high hardness, among which the copper content is the highest at first, about 3-5%. 2000 series aluminum rods belong to aviation aluminum materials, which are rarely used in traditional industries. Three lines represented by 3000 series aluminum alloys: 3003, 3A2 1. China's 3000 series aluminum production process is better. 3000 series aluminum rods are mainly composed of manganese. 1.0- 1.5, there are a series of contents with good antirust effect. Four series: 4000 series aluminum bars, represented by 4A0 1 4000 series aluminum plates, belong to high silicon content series. Usually the silicon content is 4.5-6.0%. In terms of building materials, mechanical parts, forging materials, welding materials and five wires have low melting points and good corrosion resistance. Product description: Heat resistance and wear resistance: 5000 series aluminum alloy represents 5052, 5005, 5083 5 A05 series. 5000 series aluminum bars are commonly used aluminum alloy series, the main element is magnesium, and the content of magnesium is in the range of 3-5%. Also known as Al-Mg alloy. Low density, high tensile strength and high elongation. Other series of Al-Mg alloys with the same area have low weight ratio. Traditional industrial applications are more extensive. Among our 5000 series aluminum plates, it belongs to one of the more mature aluminum plate series. Six series: 6000 series represents 606 1 aluminum alloy containing magnesium and silicon. The key point is that 4000 series and 5000 series 606 1 are cold-treated aluminum forged products, which are suitable for corrosion resistance and high oxidation. Can be used for painting, and has good constructability and simple operation. Seven lines: 7000 series aluminum alloy represents 7075 mainly containing zinc. It also belongs to aviation series, aluminum-magnesium alloy, zinc-copper alloy, heat-treatable alloy and superhard alloy with good wear resistance. Basically dependent on imports, China's production technology needs to be improved. Eight wires: used for 80 1 1, belonging to other series, mostly used for aluminum foil and aluminum strip. Nine series: 9000 series aluminum alloy spare alloy. Typical uses of aluminum

Typical use 1 100 coil 1050 in food, chemical, brewing and other industries, extrusion, various hoses and fireworks powder 1060 require high corrosion resistance and formability, but not high strength. Chemical equipment needs good formability and high corrosion resistance, but it does not need high-strength parts, such as chemicals. Sheet processed parts, deep drawing or spinning hollow parts, welded parts, heat exchangers, printed boards, signs, reflective devices 1 145 packaging and heat insulation aluminum foil, heat exchangers 1 199 electrolytic capacitor foil, optical reflective deposition film 1350 wires, and conductive chain bus bars. Suspension weights, forgings, plates and extruded materials, wheels and structural elements, first-class fuel tanks of multi-stage rockets and parts of spacecraft, and parts of frames and suspension systems 20 17 are the first industrial application of 2XXX alloy in a narrow range. Mainly rivets, general mechanical parts, structural and transportation structural parts, propellers and accessories, 2024 aircraft structures, rivets, missile parts, truck hubs, propeller parts and other structural parts. 2036 automobile body sheet metal 2048 2 124 aerospace structural parts and weapon structural parts 22 18 piston aero-engine and diesel engine cylinder heads, Jet Engine Impeller and Compressor Ring 22 19 Welding the oxidizer tank, supersonic aircraft skin and structural parts of space rocket, working temperature -270? 300℃。 Good weldability, high toughness and high stress corrosion cracking resistance. Welding and stretching alloy electrodes and filling solder 22 19. Die forgings and free forgings in T8 state 26 18. Piston aero-engine parts 2A0 1 structural rivets 2A02 with working temperature less than or equal to100 c200? The working temperature of axial compressor blade 2A06 of turbojet engine at 300℃ is 150? Aircraft structure and working temperature at 250℃ are 125? Rivets 2A 10 2A0 1 high alloy with aircraft structural strength of 250℃ are used to manufacture medium-strength structural parts, propeller blades, aircraft structures and building structural parts of transport vehicles with working temperature less than or equal to 100℃. The working temperature of 2A 12 aircraft skin 2A 16 is 250? 300℃ aircraft parts, welded container closed cabin, working temperature 225 at normal temperature and high temperature? 250℃ Aircraft Parts 2A50 Complex Parts, Medium Strength 2A60 Aircraft Engine Compressor Impeller, Wind Wheel, Fan, Impeller 2A70 Aircraft Skin, Aircraft Engine Piston 2A80 Aircraft Engine Compressor Blade, Impeller, Piston Ring and other high temperature parts 2A90 Aircraft Engine Piston 3003 is used to process some components that need good formability, high resistance and good weldability. They all need alloys based on 1XXX, high-strength working, processing and storage equipment, Such as kitchen utensils, food, chemical products, tanks and troughs for transporting liquid products, various pressure vessels and pipelines processed by 3004 aluminum tanks and metal plates, parts with strength higher than that of 3003 alloy, production and storage equipment for chemical products, metal plate processed parts, building processed parts, building tools, 3 105 room partition, baffles, movable roof boards, sinks and downpipes, and plate forming 3A2/. Machining parts, bottle caps, bottle stoppers, oil pipelines, rivet lines, building materials, food and other industrial equipment, 5005 3003 alloy is similar, with medium strength and good corrosion resistance. Used as conductor, cooker, dashboard, shell structure decoration. Anodized oxide films are brighter than 3003 alloy and 6063 alloy, and they are used as oxide films on air pipes, oil pipes and agricultural irrigation pipes of coolers and refrigerated trucks with 5050 sheet lining. It can also be used to process blank 5052 alloy tubes, bars and special-shaped materials, with good formability, corrosion resistance, candle shape, fatigue strength and moderate static strength. Used to manufacture 5056 sheet metal parts for aircraft fuel tanks, oil pipes, traffic vehicles and ships. Aluminum covered wire is widely used to treat the cover of agricultural insect traps, which requires high corrosion resistance, good weldability and medium strength, such as welding parts of ships, automobiles and airplanes, pressure vessels, cooling devices, TV towers, drilling equipment, transportation equipment, missile parts, armor 5086 and so on. Automobile, airplane, cryogenic equipment, TV tower, drilling equipment, transportation equipment, deck welding structure of 5 154 missile parts, storage tanks, pressure vessels, structures of ships and offshore facilities, and transportation tanks. Table 5 182 is used to deal with tank covers, automobile body panels, control panels, 5252 and high-strength reinforcements, supports and other parts, and is used in the. Welding magnesium content exceeds 5356? Chemical products such as hydrogen peroxide, welded structures for containers containing more than 3% of Al-Mg alloy bars and wires 5454, pressure vessels, armor plates for 5456 marine facilities and pipelines, welded structures with high brightness and transparency after anodic oxidation of 5254, storage tanks, pressure vessels, equipment such as 5457 5652 automobiles, polishing and electroplating equipment such as automobiles, and chemical storage containers such as polished anodic oxidation hydrogen peroxide, etc. However, It must be ensured that the material has fine-grained structure 5A02, medium-strength welded structure of aircraft fuel tank and conduit, wires, rivets, ship structural parts 5A03, cold stamping parts, welded containers and wires, and can be used to replace 5A02 alloy 5A05- welded structural parts. Welding structure of aircraft skin skeleton 5A06, cold forging parts, welding tension of parts container 5A 12 Welding structure of aircraft skin bone parts, extruded profiles and pipes of bulletproof deck 6005, used for high-structure parts, such as ladders, TV antenna 6009 body plate 60 10: automobile body 606 1 requires a certain strength, and can be used. Such as manufacturing trucks, tower buildings, ship pipelines, trams, fixtures, mechanical parts, 6063 building profiles, bars, profiles, sheet metal, irrigation pipes, vehicles, benches, furniture, fences, extruded materials, 6070 heavy-duty welded extruded materials forging structures, extruded materials and pipe forging crankshaft parts in automobile industry, mechanical parts, high-strength rolling bars, electrical conductors, cooling equipment, etc. 615161kloc-0/bus requires not only good plasticity and high strength, but also conductive bars and wires 6205 620 1 thick steel plates with good corrosion resistance and high strength. Compared with 20 1 17, 635 1 is needed for extrusion of 6A02 with high impact resistance. The extrusion materials and parts of water, oil and other pipelines in 6463 buildings and various household appliances are complex in shape. Large-scale sports equipment, such as tennis rackets and baseball bats, cryogenic equipment and storage tanks, fire-fighting and pressure equipment, military equipment and armor, can also be used as heat exchangers to replace the solid solution treatment of parts after welding; 7039 refrigerated container plate and missile device 7049 have the same forging static strength as 7079-T6 alloy, and require high stress corrosion cracking resistance, such as aircraft and missile parts-landing gear hydraulic cylinder and extrusion parts. Some fatigue properties are similar to those of 7075-T6 alloy, but the toughness is slightly higher for 7050 aircraft structural plates, extrusions, die forgings and die forgings. The required alloy materials are: spalling corrosion resistance, stress corrosion cracking resistance, high fracture toughness and fatigue resistance, which are 7072 air conditioning aluminum foil and ultra-thin strip steel; 22 19,3003,3004,5? 050, 5052, 5 154, 606 1 7075, 7475, 7 178 alloy plates, tube coating 7075 is used to manufacture aircraft structures and high-stress structural parts with high strength and corrosion resistance, and die manufacturing 7 175 is used to forge aircraft high-stress structures. T736 material has good comprehensive properties, strength, spalling corrosion resistance, stress corrosion cracking resistance and high fracture toughness, and its fatigue strength is 7 178 7475, which is the same as that of aluminum inclusions without aluminum cladding used for manufacturing high-strength parts, wing frames and stringers in aerospace compression production. 7A04 aircraft skin parts, screws and components with high strength and toughness, such as girders, frames, ribs, landing gears, etc.

Edit the forged aluminum and aluminum alloy status codes in this section.

1 range

This standard specifies the status code of deformed aluminum alloy. This standard applies to aluminum and aluminum products.

Two basic principles

? 2. 1 basic status, and the code starts with a capital letter. 2.2 subdivide the status codes into basic status codes, and then use one or more Arabic numerals. 2.3 Basic status code The basic status is divided into five codes, name description and application. F free machining condition is applicable to the product in the molding process, work hardening and heat treatment conditions, and there is no special requirement for mechanical properties in unspecified countries. ? The processed product with the lowest strength in the annealed state is completely annealed. ? The hardened state is suitable for work hardening to improve the strength, and the strength of the product can be reduced by additional heat treatment (or failure). The treatment state of W solution heat treatment is unstable, and it is only suitable for natural aging of alloys after solution heat treatment at room temperature. The status code indicates that the product is only in a natural aging stage. ? Heat treatment conditions (from F, O, H state) are suitable for stable products after work hardening heat treatment (or not). T code must be followed by one or more Arabic numerals. The first number after heat treatment indicates T-type (heat treatment details change from 1 to 10), followed by subsequent numbers. Such as 606 1-T 62 5083-H 343, T 1- from the molding temperature cooling and natural aging stable state. T2 annealed state (for casting only). T3- Natural aging after solution treatment. T3 1- Solution treatment and natural aging after cold working (1%). T36- Solution cold working (6%), natural aging. T37- Cold working after solution treatment (7%), natural aging of 22 19 alloy. T4- Natural aging after solution treatment. T4 1-？ Solution treatment is quenched in boiling water. T4 1 1 solid solution treatment, followed by air cooling to room temperature, has high hardness and low residual stress between O and O-T6. T42- Natural aging after solution treatment.