What do you mean by plowing your own money?

Question 1: What do you mean by devoting your own resources? It should mean "myself, personally"

Problem 2: The state can't recruit principals and treasurers. What do you mean by self-financing? Self-financing means "self-financing", self-financing and self-sufficiency.

Question 3: Levin is a drunkard for half an hour. What does Cui Gui mean?

An unconventional and unrestrained drinker.

At the end of the Qin dynasty, the counselor tried to give himself the address of Liu Bang. Partial formality, as the object. Now it is used to refer to people who are addicted to alcohol and bohemian. Language "historical records? Biography of Li Sheng Lu Jia

Lyna (Tao Yuanming) returns.

Song Shu, Volume 93, Recluse Biography? Tao Qian >

Tao Qian's writing is profound and bright, or Yun Yuanming's writing is bright. He is also looking for Yang Caisang. Not interested in diving, and ... quiet, don't worship Li Rong. Good at reading, ..... devoted himself to self-financing, so he fell ill and joined the army again as a town army and a health guard. He said to his relatives and friends, "It's nothing to talk about string songs and think that you have three ways to make money." "Deacon heard, thought that peng is a man. ..... When Du You was sent to the county, the county magistrate Bai Ying saw him with a belt and sighed, "I can't bend over to the villains in the village for five buckets of rice. "Yin Xie ribbons to leave today. Back and forth.

From: Qujiang Chunyi

The river is full of flowers, and Jiangdong guests are at home. Levin's drinkers are half dry, and the mountains are empty.

Xun also knows that he has not abandoned, and Hou men may not use talents. A boat with a bright moon and a bamboo pole, who lives in the five lakes and returns.

Question 4: Does anyone know what Xanadu means? What does his other meaning mean? Peach Blossom Garden: Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty

During the Jin-Tai-Yuan period, Wu Lingren took fishing as his occupation. Walk along the stream and forget the distance. Suddenly I met the peach blossom forest, and I caught a hundred steps on the shore. There were no miscellaneous trees, and the grass was delicious and colorful. Fishermen are very different, so they move on and want to become poor.

If there is no water in the forest, make a mountain. The mountain has a small mouth and seems to have light. By boat, by mouth. Only by being narrow at first can we understand people. Take a few steps and you will be cheerful. The land is flat and spacious, and the houses are like Tao Yuanming and Yan Yan. Mulberry is a genus with fertile fields and beautiful ponds. Money (qiān) blames (mi) traffic, and chickens and dogs hear each other. Men and women are familiar with each other's clothes (zhuó). Yellow hair, happy.

Seeing the fisherman, he was shocked and asked him what he had not done. Answer it. You still have to (yāo) go home and set out wine to kill chickens for dinner. When the village heard about this man, Xian came to inquire. Because Yun Zushang escaped from the chaos of the Jin Dynasty, his wife easily fell into this desperate situation and did not come back. Therefore, Sue was cut off from outsiders. You ask what this world is, and I don't know if there are any Han Chinese, regardless of Wei and Jin Dynasties. The man said everything to (wèi), heard everything and sighed (wǐ n). The others went home, eating and drinking. Stop for a few days and resign. In this Chinese (Yu) cloud: "(wéi) It is not enough for outsiders to be humane."

Help the road when you get off the boat, and you are determined everywhere. And under the county (j and n), yi (y) can be said to be the satrap. The satrap (Qi m￠n) followed him, found what he wanted, got lost and lost his way.

Nanyang (Ji) people, even when they were noble, heard about it and gladly planned to go. If you fail, you will find the disease. Nobody took care of it after that.

In the first year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a man in Wuling County who made a living by fishing. One day, he rowed along the stream and forgot how far he had walked. Suddenly I saw a peach blossom forest, which was hundreds of steps long. There are no other trees in the middle. Flowers and plants are bright and beautiful, and there are many fallen flowers. He was very surprised at this. Keep walking, want to go to the end of Taolin.

The Peach Blossom Forest ends at the place where the stream originates. You see a mountain with a small hole that vaguely seems to have light. The fisherman left the boat and got in through the hole. At first, the hole was very narrow, and only one person could pass through. After dozens of steps, the narrow darkness suddenly became wide and bright. The land is flat and wide, the houses are neat, and there are fertile land, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees and bamboo forests. The fields are criss-crossed, and the crows of chickens and dogs are heard. In the meantime, people come and go in the fields, farming and working, men and women dress like outsiders (outsiders: people outside the Peach Blossom Garden), and the old people and children are full of joy and appear satisfied.

When the villagers saw the fisherman, they were all very surprised and asked where he came from. The fisherman answered (the villager) in detail, so he invited him to his home to set wine, kill chickens and prepare food for him. When people in the village heard about such a person, they all came to inquire about the news. (They) themselves said that their ancestors (in order to) avoid the war in the Qin Dynasty, brought their wives, children and people from the same county to this isolated place, and never went out again, so they stopped interacting with people outside the Peach Blossom Garden. (Villager) asked (fisherman) what dynasty it was, and he didn't even know there was a Han Dynasty, let alone Wei and Jin Dynasties. The fisherman told them everything he heard in detail, and they all sighed. The rest invited the fisherman to their home, and all took out wine and rice to entertain him. After staying for a few days, the fisherman left. The villagers accused him: "It's not worth telling outsiders!"

After the fisherman came out, he found his boat, went back along the old road and marked it everywhere. Back in the county, I went to visit the satrap and told him about it. The satrap immediately sent someone to follow him, looking for the mark he had made before, and finally lost his way (to the Peach Blossom Garden) and couldn't find the original road.

Liu Ziji, a native of Nanyang, is a hermit with noble thoughts. Hearing this, he intends to go there happily. Didn't come true, and soon died of illness. After that, I never asked for directions again.

Brief introduction of the author

Tao Yuanming (about 365-427), with a distinct personality, was Mr. Keisuke of posthumous title, alias Mr. Wu Liu, and changed his name to Qian after he entered Liu Song Dynasty. He worked as a small official for several years, then resigned and went home. Since then, he has lived in seclusion. Pastoral life is the theme of Tao Yuanming's poems, so he was later called "pastoral poet" in the history of literature. Chai Sang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province) was a native of Hanyang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Poet, writer, lyricist and essayist at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty. Related works include Drinking, Returning to the Garden, Peach Blossom Garden Poetry, Biography of Mr. Wu Liu, Coming, and Xi Ci>

Question 5: What is Tao Yuanming's ambition? Under the hedge, he can have a leisurely look at Nanshan.

It is said that Tao Yuanming's ambition is to live in seclusion in the mountains.

Living a free life, he doesn't want to live in greedy officialdom, longing for freedom and resolving the depression of frustration.

Question 6: What is the ideological meaning of the above four sentences? The artistic conception of this poem can be divided into two layers, and the first four sentences are one layer, which shows the poet's mood after getting rid of secular troubles. The last six sentences are on the first floor, which describes the beautiful night scene of Nanshan and the infinite fun that poets get from it. It shows the poet's true feelings and noble personality of loving rural life.

At the beginning of the poem "Building a house on earth, but no chariots and horses", the author says that although he lives on earth, he has no secular communication to disturb him. What worries people who have no cars or horses? Because "the heart is far away from itself", as long as the heart can get rid of the shackles of the secular, even in a noisy environment, it is like living in a secluded place. Tao Yuanming's early years were full of the ideal of making contributions, and he went to the official position several times only to realize his ambition of saving the world. However, when he saw that "death is a great success" ("Love on Earth" didn't meet Fu), officialdom storm was sinister, the secular world was fraudulent and corrupt, and the whole society was corrupt and dark, so he chose to lead an honest and clean life, live in seclusion in the countryside, and devote himself to the road of self-financing. These four sentences, "Building a house depends on human feelings", are written about his feelings after getting rid of the interference of secular environment. The so-called "distant mind" means that the mind does not care about the field of fame and fortune, and love is not the door of the powerful, but beyond the worldly customs. Because these four sentences have profound meanings and deep feelings, the predecessors marveled at their "exquisite literary talent".

"What can I ask you? The "far heart" in the "far heart" is to stay away from the officialdom, to go further, to stay away from the secular and to be free from vulgarity. [4] Rejecting the socially recognized value scale and exploring where the author establishes the basic point of life involves Tao Yuanming's philosophical thought. This kind of philosophy can be called "natural philosophy", which not only includes a self-cultivation and family-oriented lifestyle, but also deepens the unity and harmony between human life and nature. In Tao Yuanming's view, man not only exists in society and the relationship between people, but more importantly, every individual life, as an independent spiritual subject, directly faces the whole nature and universe.

If these principles are written directly, poetry will become a paper. So the author just puts philosophy in the image. The poet picked chrysanthemums at will in his garden, and occasionally looked up to see Nanshan. According to the law of the ancients in China, "leisurely seeing Nanshan" can be interpreted as "leisurely seeing Nanshan" or "leisurely seeing Nanshan". Therefore, this kind of "leisure" belongs not only to people, but also to mountains. People are leisurely and comfortable, and the mountains are quiet and lofty. At that moment, it seemed as if there was a melody emanating from people's hearts and between mountains, with the same meaning, and melted into a light music.

The "carefree" in "Picking Chrysanthemums under the East Hedgerow and Seeing Nanshan Leisurely" describes the author's leisurely, carefree and carefree state of mind. The action of "picking chrysanthemums" is not an ordinary action, it contains the poet's interest in transcending the world and loving nature. It is not good to change "see" to "hope". The word "Jian" shows that the poet did not intentionally see the mountain when picking chrysanthemums, but accidentally saw it.

What you see in Nanshan is: the haze of sunset, as if nothing had happened, floating around the summit; Flocks of birds flew together and returned to the mountains. All this is of course beautiful. But this is not a simple description of the scenery. In Tao Yuanming's poems, readers can often see similar sentences: "The clouds come out of the hole unintentionally, and the birds fly home when they are tired" ("Restored Words"); "Flowers and trees are flourishing, but the wind is quiet" ("Encouraging Agriculture") and so on. These are natural movements, because there is no will and no external requirements, so they are calm, full and perfect. Since man is a part of nature, he should also have the nature of nature and complete his individual life in the whole natural movement. This is the harmonious unity of man and nature.

The words "The weather is getting better every day and the birds are coming back" are descriptions of the scenery. At this time, we can vaguely know that the poet is not only encouraging himself to "return", but also implicitly entrusting his family with the interaction with the mountains and forests, and also persuading others; Although the two sentences are about scenery, they are actually lyrical.

"That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say." At the end of the poem, the poet said that he realized the interest of life from the beautiful scenery of nature and showed a pure and natural calm state of mind. "Here" in the poem can be understood as here and now (by the fence in autumn night) or as the whole country life. The so-called "forgetting words" actually means that a beautiful and leisurely pastoral life is your real life, and the joy of this life can only be understood, unspeakable and unspeakable. This fully embodies the poet's noble character of being poor, being happy and inspiring. These two sentences say that there is the true meaning of life here. I want to distinguish it, but I forget how to express it in words. Generally speaking, "forgetting words" means that you don't know what language to use to express it, but you can only understand it and can't explain it. "The most affectionate words are silent", and the word "truth" is emphasized here, pointing out that resignation and retirement are the truth of life ... >>

Question 7: Two movements in Tao Yuanming's migration.

one

I wanted to live in Nancun yesterday, not for Buqi Village.

People who listen too much are happy in the morning and evening.

I have been pregnant with this for several years, and today I am our service.

Why is it so spacious? Prepare enough covers for the bed (4).

Neighboring songs come from time to time, and the word resistance is a thing of the past.

Doubts about the appreciation of strange pens [6].

Secondly,

There are many beautiful days in spring and autumn, and new poems are written on the mountain.

It's better to call each other when you pass the door, and you should consider it if you have wine.

Farm work should be returned to each other, and leisure should be homesick.

Acacia wears clothes and laughs endlessly.

This reason will be invincible? Doing nothing and suddenly going to this place.

Food and clothing should be disciplined, and efforts should not be bullied.

(1) Nancun: Different schools have different interpretations of "Nancun". Ding thought it was under Xunyang City (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province) (see notes on Tao Yuanming's poems). Buzhai: Divination asks the good or ill luck of the house. These two sentences mean that I wanted to move to Nancun before, not because the homestead there was good.

⑵ Plain-hearted person: refers to a person with pure and kind heart. Li Gonghuan's Note: "It refers to Yan Yannian, Yin and Pang Tong." Tong Pang is a masterpiece of Pang Zhizhong. Quantity: repeated. Morning and evening: See you day and night. It is said that there are many simple people in Nancun, and I am willing to spend time with them.

Take this into consideration: with the desire to move to Nancun. Several years: It has been many years. Slavery: This activity refers to immigration. From this service: follow your wishes. I have a wish to move to Nancun, which finally came true today.

(4) Residence: dilapidated houses. Why be lenient: Why be lenient. Covered mattress: a covered bed and mattress. Prepare enough mattresses: it is best to put a bed and a cushion.

5. Neighbors: neighbors refer to, yin, and so on. , which is the so-called "anxious person". According to his poem Farewell to Yin Jin, "I lived in Li Nan when I was old, and I was a neighbor when I was young." It can be seen that Yin used to be a neighbor. Resist: homophonic, high-meaning loudly: resist straightforward, loud or noble words. Past: refers to the past. These two sentences mean that neighbors often come to visit and talk about the past when they come.

[6] analysis: analyze the meaning of the text. Wei Jin people like to argue, such as "Jin Chunqiu" records: "Xie An travels around the mountains and waters, and entertains himself with reasoning." Tao Yuanming can't help but have this hobby. The so-called meaning analysis is mainly a philosophical interest, which is different from the general analysis of sentence meaning. The meaning of these two sentences is that * * * likes strange writing and analyzes the difficult meaning together.

(7) Spring and Autumn Annals: The general idea is that it is sunny in the Spring and Autumn Annals, which happens to be a poem.

(8) Pour wine: put the wine in a spoon. Action: Fill up the wine. Consideration: pour wine and drink, and persuade people to drink. These two sentences mean that neighbors greet each other and drink.

(9) farm work: farm work. Do (zhé): Just. Acacia: Miss each other. These two sentences mean to go back to farming when you have farm work, and miss each other when you have leisure.

Put on clothes: put on clothes, which means talking to someone. Tired: satisfied.

⑾ This principle refers to laughing and drinking with neighbors. Li: Yes. Will: Yes. Will be invincible: not beautiful. Liz: These refer to the last sentence "This principle", which means that this kind of happiness between neighbors is no better than anything else. Don't give up this practice suddenly.

⑿ Ji: management. When the meaning of these two sentences changes, I think it's good to have a heart-to-heart conversation with friends, but you should earn your own living and practice hard. [ 1]

Vernacular translation

one

I wanted to move to Nancun before, not to choose a good house;

I heard that there are many simple people living here who are willing to spend every morning and evening with them.

This idea has been around for many years, and today is the end of this great event.

Why is a simple house big? As long as you are big enough to make the bed, you can feel at ease.

Neighbors and friends often come to talk to me about the past, and everyone speaks freely;

You can enjoy good articles together when you see them, and study them together when you encounter difficulties.

Secondly,

There are many beautiful days in spring and autumn. I often climb mountains and recite new poems with my friends.

Say hello to each other in front of the door, get together, have wine, and let's drink together.

If you want to do farm work, go home separately and miss each other in your spare time.

When we miss each other, we will put on clothes, visit each other, talk and laugh, and enjoy it.

This life of drinking and laughing is really beautiful, and it is really unreasonable to abandon it.

Food and clothing need to be managed by myself, and a hard life will never deceive me.

The Second Movement is a set of poems written by Tao Yuanming, a great poet in Jin Dynasty, shortly after he moved from his pastoral home to Nancun. These two poems are both about the joy of neighborhood communication in Nancun, and each has its own emphasis. One is that although the new house is shabby and low, there are many people who are indifferent to Nancun, so it is quite happy to get along with them day and night, talk about the past and discuss the present. Secondly, after moving, I got along well with my neighbors. When busy, all subjects have enough food and clothing and are diligent in farming. When I am free, I can laugh and laugh freely. The whole work is full of warm and joyful atmosphere ... >>

Question 8: Tao Yuanming's understanding of "quietness" is a philosophy. In Tao Yuanming's view, if the independence of celebrities in Wei and Jin dynasties is not quiet, they will not be able to maintain it for a long time, or die in public, or return to their official careers in fear. In the history of China, there used to be a large number of people who vowed to find themselves and really struggled, but they didn't arrange a suitable place for themselves, so they got lost or were kidnapped soon after they found them. Tao Yuanming said that there is only one place to go, and that is quiet.

Before Tao Yuanming, Qu Yuan and Sima Qian were forced to be quiet, but their whole mentality was inseparable from the rise and fall of the imperial court, so even if they were in a quiet place, they would always miss those restless places. Tao Yuanming, on the other hand, although he went out intermittently to be a small official in his thirties and forties, what he saw and heard was that he was increasingly eager to miss the countryside. Going back, not going back, the countryside is deserted, and he urges himself every day.

Question 9: Reading Tao Yuanming's Drinking Appreciation of Tao Yuanming's Drinking

● Original text

Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots. Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-prejudice. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say.

● Background introduction

Tao Yuanming (365 ~ 427) was born in Chaisang, Xunyang. Shi Tao played down Qingyuan's pen and wrote about rural life and street scenery, which opened up a new realm for poetry.

There are twenty-two poems in Drinking, and this is the third poem. There was a small preface before, indicating that all the works were drunk, not written at the moment, and there was no internal connection. They are prosperous and independent. This song mainly shows the interest of seclusion. After work, drunk as a fiddler, under the background of sunset glow, under the cover of Shan Lan, under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums, overlooking Nanshan, how profound it is at this time! One of the characteristics of Tao poetry is simplicity, and emotion and meaning are integrated and inseparable. He often uses words such as "forgetting words" and "forgetting" to block the exploration and revelation of rational laws, which may be a manifestation of poetry returning to nature.

▲ Tao Yuanming's position in the history of China literature is very prominent. His 120 poem can be said to be very good. We can say that poems with many themes before the Tang Dynasty reached their peak in the Tang Dynasty. For example, frontier poems, landscape poems and farewell poems, but there is a very special phenomenon, that is, landscape pastoral poems were initiated by Tao Yuanming and pushed to the peak by Tao Yuanming. We said that there were many pastoral poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Wei and Meng Haoran, and there were also some pastoral poets in the Song Dynasty, such as Fan Chengda and Yang Wanli. There are so many pastoral poets in Tang and Song Dynasties that their pastoral poems are all in the shadow of Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, which can be said to be no more than Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems. Therefore, Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are very valuable wealth in the history of China literature.

He was born in 365 AD and died in 427 AD. Life can be divided into three periods: before the age of 29, reading is the main thing; From the age of 29 to 4 1 year, going out to be an official for a period of time and then retiring is a period of repeated official retirement. When he was a county magistrate in Pengze, the superior came to inspect the work, and the junior scribes said, you should put on your clothes and hat quickly, and then go to see him. He sighed and said, "I can't bend over to the children in the village for five buckets of rice." So he hung up his hat and left. This spirit of not bending over for a bucket of rice is the pride of our intellectuals in China, which has influenced generations of intellectuals. Like Li Bai, he said, "How can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials whose sincere faces will never be seen?" This spirit is very valuable. Later, he retired to the countryside, where he spent his old age. He has a good relationship with the villagers. When he has wine, let the old man next door drink it together. When he doesn't have wine, he knocks on people's doors and says that if you have wine at home, so this is very straightforward. Moreover, he also personally participated in manual labor. He wrote a poem, "Shannan grows beans and the grass is full of bean sprouts." Get up early in the morning to get rid of weeds, and come back with hoes in the moonlight at night. The road is narrow and the vegetation is long, and the evening dew is stained with clothes; The clothes are not covered, but the wish is not violated. " This "wish" is generally understood as a wish to return to nature, but I think there is another explanation besides this, that is, this wish is a harvest wish. I think it doesn't matter if the clothes are wet as long as there is a bumper harvest. This understanding may be closer to ordinary people, which will not affect the greatness of Tao Yuanming's image. Tao Yuanming's personality is very straightforward. He himself said, "Little is not suitable for common luck, and naturally loves Qiushan." He likes natural frankness very much, and there is a typical example. He can't play the piano, but there is always a piano with strings at home, the kind without strings. When he is happy, he plays the piano with it. Without strings, there must be no sound. If there is no sound, don't make such a sound. "But if you have fun on the piano, why bother to play the strings?" In other words, as long as you are interested in playing the piano, you don't need the sound of strings, which is very interesting. One of his favorite things in life is wine and the other is chrysanthemum, both of which are outstanding, and these two points are vividly reflected in the fifth part of Drinking.

This poem is very good. He said at the beginning that "building a house is on earth, but there is no noise of horses and chariots." He built his house in the human world, but he couldn't hear the noise of horses and chariots, so there must be "noise of horses and chariots" in the human world. Why is there no noise of horses and chariots? He asked himself, "I asked you why not", that is, I asked you what brought you to this point. Then he replied, "Under the hedge of picking chrysanthemums, you can see Nanshan leisurely." This is Tao ... >>