What is the innovation of brewing technology in Shang Dynasty?

In Shang Dynasty, people had clearly realized the decisive role of Qu Zi in wine-making. "History? Business books? "Life Record": "Making wine bowls is just for fun. "That is to say, it not only shows that the development of brewing technology depends on the technology of Quer, but also shows that Quer and Quer both refer to two things during this period, which are used for brewing and making Quer respectively.

During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, drinking was extremely popular. At that time, there were only two kinds of wine, one called Yan, which was made of fermented wine. Ethanol content is not high, but it is rich in maltose, so it tastes sweet. The main raw materials for brewing are wheat and millet, and this wine is brewed to eat. The other is called "Zhen", which is a fragrant wine brewed with distiller's yeast with black millet as raw material and spice, probably mainly used for sacrifice.

The Zhou Dynasty has summed up rich experience in brewing and established a complete set of technical regulations for brewing. Zhou Li?' "Tianguan Zhongzai" records that in the Zhou Dynasty, there was a "wine administration" in the court, which was in charge of the law of brewing; There is a "big chieftain" who is responsible for all kinds of affairs related to wine making; There are "pulp people" who are engaged in wine making.

At that time, there were two ways to eat wine. One is to eat wine pulp with distiller's grains. This kind of wine is called "mash", just like the "fermented grains" in Jiangnan today, which probably belongs to sweet wine. One is alcohol, which uses cloth to squeeze out distiller's grains and only drinks syrup. This wine is called "Guo", just like yellow rice wine today.

Eating distiller's grains together was not only economical but also delicious in ancient times. At that time, most of the grain processing methods were very simple methods such as burning, frying and boiling, and it was even more difficult to preserve cooked or semi-cooked grain. Brewing them into wine may be a simple and effective method. Eating this kind of distiller's grains can not only warm your body and fill your stomach, but also refresh your spirit and relax your body. This custom of eating distiller's grains together still exists in many ethnic groups and regions, and many people like to eat fermented grains, for example.

At that time, there was a special wine called Ba. Its production method is to replace water with wine, add it into rice and koji to ferment again, improve the alcohol content, and repeat this twice to form fermented grains. This wine is very popular because of its high alcohol content. This method of increasing the concentration of wine by repeated fermentation was an important innovation of wine-making technology at that time, and it has been popularized and developed since then.