What are the authoritative books of Confucianism?

The ancient divination book, Yi for short, is one of the important Confucian classics.

The book is divided into two parts: classic and biography. "Jing" is covered by gossip, and sixty-four hexagrams are obtained. Each hexagram consists of four parts: hexagram painting, title, hexagram words and epigram words. Gua is relatively simple and is generally used to explain the meaning of the topic. Once is the main part of each hexagram.

minister

Shangshu is the earliest historical book in China and one of the famous historical books in the ancient world. Shangshu means ancient history.

Including Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, from Tang Yao at the end of primitive society to Qin Mugong in the Spring and Autumn Period. Most of them are the orders of the emperor, and a few are the words that the monarch and the minister tell each other. Generally speaking, it is called "Patent" in peacetime and "oath" in wartime. What the monarch tells his ministers is called "fate" and what the ministers tell their ministers is called "Hume".

Poetry classics

The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems, which contains 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: Feng (160), Ya (105) and Fu (40). Are all named after music. "Wind" means tone. The ancients called Shaanxi Opera, Feng Wei and Zheng Opera, just like Shaanxi Opera, Shanxi Opera, Henan Opera and Elegant Opera. People in the Zhou Dynasty called Zheng Yayue, just as people in the Qing Dynasty called Kunqu Opera Ya Bu, with the meaning of honorific title. Xiaoya can be divided in chronological order. Ode is a musical song used for offering sacrifices to ancestral temples.

Zhou Li

Zhou Li, also known as Zhou Guan or Zhou Guan Jing, is one of the Confucian classics.

"Zhou Li" brings together the official system of the Zhou royal family and the systems of various countries in the Warring States period, which increases the political ideal of Confucianism and increases or decreases the parallelism. Zhou Li is the earliest and most complete official record in China and the most complete official record in the ancient world.

well-behaved

The book "Yili" records all kinds of etiquette and ceremonies of the same generation.

The Book of Rites

The Book of Rites is an important law book in ancient China, and also an important textbook of benevolence, righteousness and morality. In the first chapter, it is pointed out: "Virtue, benevolence and indecent assault are impossible. The lesson is correct and vulgar, and the indecent assault is unprepared. Arguments and lawsuits, indecent assault. Your majesty, your superiors and subordinates, your father and son, and your brother are all indecent. An official scholar is indecent. When Ban Chao runs the army, officials act according to law. It is impossible to be disgraceful and dignified. Prayer and sacrifice, offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods, must not be indecent. "

Zuo Shi chun Qiu

Zuo's Chunqiu, also known as Zuo Zhuan or Chunqiu Zuoshi Zhuan, consists of 30 volumes.

The style of Zuo Chunqiu is chronological, and its contents are mostly biographies of historical events, which record the course of important historical events in Chunqiu. It started in the year of Lu Yin (722 BC) and ended in Lu Daogong for four years (464 BC), which is 17 years more than Chunqiu.

Gongyang Chunqiu

Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ram, also known as Biography of the Ram or Biography of the Ram in the Spring and Autumn Period, is one of the Confucian classics. It started in the year of Luyin and ended in the 14th year of Lu Aigong, which is the same as the beginning and ending time of Chunqiu. According to legend, its author was a disciple of Xia Zi. During the Warring States Period, Qi people were taller than rams.

Gu Liang Chunqiu

Gu Liang Chunqiu, also known as Gu Liangzhuan or Gu Liangzhuan in Chunqiu, is one of the Confucian classics. It started in Luyin and ended in Lu Aigong 14. This type is similar to the biography of ram. According to legend, its author is a disciple, a native of Lu in the Warring States period, and Gu Liangchi (red or happy, kind and beautiful). It was also taught orally at first, and it was not written until the Western Han Dynasty. Fan Ning wrote Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Beams, Yang Shixun wrote Biography of the Spring and Autumn Beams in the Tang Dynasty, and Zhong Zhong wrote Supplementary Notes on the Spring and Autumn Beams in the Qing Dynasty, which is a good annotation for scholars in the Qing Dynasty.

On language

The Analects of Confucius is a collection of quotations from Confucius and his disciples, and it is one of the important Confucian classics. The assembly work was completed by Confucius disciples and disciples. The origin of the name of The Analects of Confucius, Ban Gu's History of Literature and Art said: "As for The Analects of Confucius, when Confucius responded to his disciples, people talked to each other and heard Confucius' words. All the disciples at that time had their own notes. Because the master was a pawn and the disciples compiled it, it was called The Analects. " This statement is generally credible. The original records came from many people, and finally they were sorted out to the early Warring States period, mainly people who had participated in the war.

Mencius

This is a book that records Monk's words and deeds, and it is also one of the important Confucian classics.

filial piety/mourning

The Book of Filial Piety is an ethical work of ancient Confucianism in China. Some people say that Confucius did it himself, but in the Southern Song Dynasty, some people suspected that it was because of the attachment of future generations. In the Qing Dynasty, Ji Yun pointed out in the Catalogue of Sikuquanshu that this book was the last words of Confucius and was written in Qin and Han Dynasties. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were hundreds of commentators. Now the popular version is Tang Xuanzong's annotation and Xing's annotation in Song Dynasty.

elegant

Erya is the earliest monograph to explain the meaning of words in China, and it is also the first dictionary compiled according to the meaning system and the classification of things. Erya means approaching and conforming to elegance, that is, explaining the elegance of archaic words and dialect words to make them close to norms.

Great learning

"University" was originally an article, but Zhu thought it was too simplistic and wrong, so he moved and supplemented it and re-segmented it. He thinks that the first paragraph is Jing, which is what Confucius meant by description. The next ten paragraphs, that is, ten chapters, explain the transmission of scripture to clarify the meaning of scripture, which was written by Ceng Zi's disciples to describe the meaning of Ceng Zi. Because of this change, later generations called it "Zhiben University", which is very different from the original "Guben University" in content. University was originally written by Dai Xiao's Book of Rites, which is recognized as one of the important Confucian classics, but who is the author? It is impossible to carry out a detailed inspection.

Zhong Yong

The golden mean was originally an article in Xiao Dai's Book of Rites. The old saying The Doctrine of the Mean was written by Zisi. In fact, it is a Confucian work in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and it is also an important work of ancient Chinese educational theory.

Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi advocated the golden mean in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu also wrote Notes on the Doctrine of the Mean, which is called "Four Books" together with Daxue, Analects of Confucius and Mencius. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, The Doctrine of the Mean became an official textbook and a must-read in the imperial examination, which had a great influence on ancient education.

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