Who knows Sun Tzu's Art of War?

Review of Sun Tzu's Art of War Cui Xie Shouzhi Economic Daily Press

Inventory items

Sun Tzu said: War is a national event, which is related to the life and death of soldiers and civilians and the life and death of the country. We can't help but study and consider it carefully.

Therefore, we should take the five basic factors that determine the outcome of the war as the key link, compare the advantages and disadvantages of the opposing sides, and discuss the situation of the outcome of the war. These main conditions are: first, politics, second, third, four generals and five laws. Politics is to make the people and the monarch reach an agreement. You can ask them to die for the monarch and live for the monarch, but they have to go through fire and water. Weather, about day and night, sunny, cold winter, hot summer and other climatic seasons. Geographical location refers to geographical conditions such as long and short distances, flatness and danger, width and narrowness, and dead places. General is about wisdom, honesty, kindness, courage and majesty. The legal system refers to the conditions and systems such as the organization of the army, the preparation of command signals, the provisions of command signals, the duties of generals, the route of grain and grass, and the management of military supplies. These five aspects, the general can not but know. Those who know this can win, and those who don't know can't win. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the estimates of the advantages and disadvantages of the opposing sides to discuss the outcome of the war. It depends: which monarch is politically enlightened? Which side is the commander in chief's command? Where is the right time and place? Which party's laws can be enforced? Which side has stronger military strength? Which team trains more? Which side has stricter rewards and punishments? Based on these, we can judge who wins and who loses.

If you can take my advice, you will win the battle, so stay here; If you can't follow my strategy and command this doomed battle, I won't have to.

After the benefit analysis, adopt the correct opinions and then create a favorable situation on the field as an auxiliary condition. The so-called "potential" means using favorable environment and adopting flexible tactics.

Fighting is an act of treachery. So, you can fight, but you can't fight; Fight, pretend not to fight. Near, pretend to be far away; Facing the distance, pretending to be close. Give the enemy a little profit to lure it; Force the enemy into chaos and then occupy it. If the enemy is strong, we must guard against it; If the enemy is strong, we must avoid a decisive battle. Irritate the enemy by teasing and make him lose his mind; Express your weakness with humble words and make the enemy proud. When the enemy has a good rest, he should be disturbed and exhausted; The enemy is peaceful, so we should try to alienate it. Attacking places where the enemy is unprepared and taking unexpected actions are subtle under the command of a strategist and cannot be rigidly stipulated in advance.

It is expected to win the battle before the war because the conditions for victory are sufficient; Don't expect to win before the war, because the conditions for victory are not sufficient; You can win if you have enough conditions, but you can't win if you don't have enough conditions, let alone no conditions. According to these, we can foresee victory or failure.

Operation article

Sun Tzu said: As the general principle of using troops, we should use thousands of light vehicles and thousands of heavy vehicles, and we should also transport grain thousands of miles away. Then the expenses of the front and back, the expenses of entertaining state guests, the supply of painting equipment needed to maintain bows and arrows, and the repair of vehicle armor will cost thousands of dollars every day, and then hundreds of thousands of troops can be dispatched. Fighting against such an army requires a quick victory, which will make the army exhausted and bruised for a long time; Siege will exhaust troops; Sending troops abroad for a long time will make the country financially difficult. If the army is exhausted, the spirit is bruised, the strength is exhausted, and the economy is exhausted, then the governors of various countries will take advantage of your crisis and attack on a large scale. At that time, even wise people couldn't clean up the mess for you. Therefore, when fighting, I only heard that it was honest and quick, but I didn't see the persistence of tricks. There will be no protracted war that is beneficial to the country. Therefore, those who do not fully understand the harmful aspects of the use of military force cannot fully understand the beneficial aspects of the use of military force.

As for those who use soldiers, soldiers do not levy two, and food does not transport three; Military supplies are taken from home, and grain and grass are collected locally in enemy countries, which can meet the supply of grain and grass for the army.

The reason why the country will be poor because of sending troops is because the people will be poor because of long-distance transportation and long-distance transportation. In the vicinity where the army is concentrated, things will increase in price, and when things increase in price, the "people" will dry up, and when the finance dries up, they will be eager to increase taxes and provide long-distance services. The strength is exhausted, the wealth is exhausted, and the country is thousands of miles away, and every family is empty. The property of the "people" will consume seven tenths; "Official" expenses, damaged vehicles, tired horses, armor, halberds and shields, and ox carts for transportation will also be lost by six tenths.

Therefore, wise generals will try to get food locally in enemy countries. Eating enemy food-"clock" (640 liters per clock) is worth 20 "clocks" in China; A "stone" forage is worth 20 "stones" in China.

To make the army bravely kill the enemy, it is necessary to motivate the troops; If the army dares to seize the enemy's materials, it is necessary to reward the soldiers. In the battle of chariots, whoever captures more than ten chariots will be rewarded to the person who wins the chariot first, and the flag on the chariot will be replaced by his own flag, and his own soldiers will be sent to ride with him. Give preferential treatment and support to captured soldiers. This is the so-called victory over the enemy and strengthening ourselves.

Therefore, a quick victory is more important than a long time.

Therefore, a general who knows how to use troops is the "life of the people" and the master of national security.

Planning and attacking articles

Sun Tzu said that the guiding principle of war is that it is the best policy to completely surrender the enemy, and it is even worse to break the enemy; It is the best policy to wipe out the enemy, and it is even worse to break the enemy; Completely surrendering to the enemy's "brigade" is the best policy, and breaking the enemy's "brigade" is the worst policy; It is the best policy to make the enemy "pawn" completely surrender, but it is even worse to break the enemy "pawn"; It is the best policy to let the enemy completely surrender, and it is even better to defeat the enemy "Wu". Therefore, winning every battle is not the best among the wise, but letting the enemy defeat the enemy without fighting is the best among the wise!

Therefore, the best way to guide the war is to defeat the enemy's strategic plan first, then defeat the enemy's diplomacy, and then attack the enemy's army. The worst way is to attack the city. The method of siege is the last resort. It takes three months to make siege wagons and prepare siege equipment; It will take another three months to complete the construction of the besieging earth mountain. The general was furious and drove the army to climb the city like ants. One third of the soldiers were killed or injured, but the city still could not be occupied. This is the disaster of besieged city! Therefore, people who are good at directing wars can yield to the enemy's army, seize the enemy's castle and destroy the enemy's country for a long time without hard struggle. We must win the world with the strategy of total victory, so that the army will not be black and blue, and only then can it win a complete victory. This is the law of planning an attack.

Therefore, the way to use troops is to surround the enemy with ten times the enemy's strength, attack the enemy with five times the enemy's strength, try to disperse the enemy with one time the enemy's strength, and be good at attacking the enemy with the same strength. If you are less than the enemy, you will retreat. If you are weaker than the enemy, you will avoid decisive battle. Therefore, if a weak army stubbornly persists, it will become a prisoner of a powerful enemy.

The general is like the auxiliary wood of the country, and the relationship between the general and the country is as interdependent as the auxiliary wood and the car body. If we are interdependent, the country will be strong; If there is a gap in interdependence, the country will be weak.

There are three situations in which the monarch may be unfavorable to the army: holding on without knowing that the army can't advance and holding on without knowing that the army can't retreat, which is called restraining the army; Intervening in military affairs without knowing the internal affairs of the army will confuse soldiers; If you don't know how to use military tactics and interfere with the command of the army, it will make the army suspicious. The army is chaotic and suspicious, and the evil of the princes of all countries will come from the gap. This is the so-called chaotic army, asking for failure.

There are five situations in which victory can be foreseen: whoever can see the situation clearly and know whether he can fight or not will win; If officers and men share the same desire, they can win; If you are prepared to deal with the enemy who is negligent and slack, you can win; If a general has the command ability and the national army does not contain it, he can win. These five rules are the way to foresee victory.

Therefore, know yourself and know yourself. Know yourself and know yourself, and you may win or lose half; If you don't know yourself and yourself, you won't be defeated.

Star film

Sun Tzu said: Those who were able to fight in the past must first create conditions that will not be defeated by the enemy and wait for the opportunity to defeat the enemy. We will not be defeated by the enemy, and this right is in our own hands. Whether we can defeat the enemy depends on whether the enemy has made mistakes and exposed weaknesses. Therefore, if we can fight, we will fight. Even though we may not be able to defeat the enemy, we will not be defeated by the enemy. Therefore, victory is foreseeable, not forced. Preventing the enemy from defeating us is a matter of defense; Only in this way can I defeat the enemy, which is an offensive thing. Defensiveness is due to insufficient strength (disadvantage); Attack is because there are many troops (advantages) People who are good at defense deeply block troops in various terrains; People who are good at attacking give full play to their strength and act in all kinds of weather. So only in this way can we save ourselves and win the victory of completely destroying the enemy.

Foreseeing victory does not exceed the knowledge of ordinary people, nor is it the elite of the elite; Winning after a fierce battle is generally good, and this is not the best among the best. Just like autumn hair is not difficult to stir, the sun and the moon are not bright, and thunder is not unpleasant. In ancient times, people who were good at fighting defeated the enemy with ease. Therefore, a good fighter, who wins by fighting, has neither the reputation of ingenuity nor the strength of bravery. Because he won, no doubt. There is no doubt that it is because his combat measures are based on defeating the enemy who is already in a failed position. People who are good at fighting always make themselves invincible and never miss the opportunity to defeat the enemy. Therefore, the victorious army has the assurance of victory before looking for the enemy to fight; The defeated army first engaged the enemy, hoping to win a lucky victory in the battle. People who are good at leading wars, understanding politics and ensuring the rule of law can have the right to decide the outcome.

The method of using troops: first, measure, second, count, fourth, weight and fifth, victory. Both the enemy and I have land, and with land, there will be problems of land area; The difference of land area between the two sides leads to the problem of how much resources; The difference of property resources between the two sides will lead to the mobilization and supply of the team; The difference in manpower between the two sides produces a contrast in military strength; The strength of the two sides is different, which leads to victory or defeat.

The victorious army, in terms of strength contrast, is absolutely as easy as throwing eggs with huge stones, and will undoubtedly win; The defeated army, in terms of strength, is like throwing eggs at boulders. Being at an absolute disadvantage is naturally powerless and doomed.

Winners command troops to fight, just like a reservoir bursting at an altitude of 800 feet. This is a symbol of strength!

Potential article

Sun Tzu said: Managing a big army is like managing a small army, because it is well organized. Commanding a large army to fight is just like commanding a small army to fight, because there are prescribed signals to command. Commanding the national army will not fail even if it is attacked by the enemy. This is because "Zheng Qi" is used correctly. The so-called strange righteousness refers to being a garrison in the deployment of troops, containing the enemy's righteousness, and concentrating on maneuvering to surprise; In terms of combat mode, frontal attack and special combat mode are strange. The enemy faced by the army in the attack is like hitting an egg with a stone, which is due to the proper use of "avoiding the real and making the virtual".

Fighting always uses "positive" soldiers to block the enemy, and "odd" soldiers win. Therefore, a general who is good at "strangeness" has ever-changing tactics like heaven and earth, and runs like a river. Entering and coming back, just like the sun and the moon running; Go and come again, similar to the change of four seasons. Music has only five scales, but the changes of the five scales are hard to hear; There are only five pigments in the color, but the changes of the five pigments are not good-looking; The taste is only five flavors, but the change of five flavors makes it difficult to taste. The forms of fighting are only "odd" and "positive", but the changes of "odd" and "positive" are endless. "Odd" and "positive" are transformed into each other, just like a circle, which has no beginning and no end. Who can exhaust it? !

Rapidly flowing water can wash away stones, which is called "potential". Raptors fly very fast and can kill birds and animals. This is called "festival". A man who is good at commanding operations is like a crossbow, and the short rhythm is like a machine that launches a crossbow suddenly shooting an arrow.

There are many banners and many troops, so we must fight in disorder to keep the troops from chaos; Chariots turn, step by step, fight in the fog, and all aspects should be deployed to deal with possible situations without being defeated.

Strictness leads to chaos, courage leads to cowardice, and strength leads to weakness. Strict or chaotic, this is the problem of good or bad organization; Brave or timid, this is the pros and cons of the situation; Strong or weak, this is a question of military strength.

Therefore, he is good at mobilizing the enemy's generals, pretending to confuse the enemy, and the enemy will listen to the mobilization; Do what the enemy likes to seduce the enemy, and the enemy will come and take it. Mobilize the enemy with small profits and wait for defeat with heavy troops.

Those who are good at fighting should rely on favorable situations to win, rather than demanding the responsibility of officials. Therefore, we should be able to choose officials and take advantage of various favorable situations. The so-called "let go" is to be good at choosing generals to command operations, just like rolling wood and stones. The nature of wood and stone is static in a stable and flat place and rolling in a steep and inclined place; The square one will be stationary, and the round one will roll. Therefore, the favorable situation created by people who are good at commanding operations is like rolling a boulder down a mountain of 800 feet. This is the so-called potential!

Virtual and real articles

Those who go to the battlefield to treat the enemy first are calm and positive, and those who go to the battlefield to fight are exhausted. Therefore, people who are good at commanding operations can mobilize the enemy without being mobilized by the enemy.

What allows the enemy to automatically enter my predetermined area is the result of small profits; What can stop the enemy from reaching the predetermined area is to make it difficult to stop it. Therefore, if the enemy has a good rest, he must try to make him tired; When the enemy has enough food, he tries to starve it; If the enemy is safe, he must move it.

March to places where the enemy can't get first aid, and run in unexpected directions. People who March thousands of miles without fatigue walk in areas that are not hindered by the enemy. Moreover, the attack will be successful, because the place of attack is where the enemy does not defend or is difficult to defend. The defense must be stable, because it is a place where the enemy attacks or is not easy to attack.

Therefore, people who are good at attacking can make the enemy not know how to defend; People who are good at defense can make the enemy not know how to attack.

Subtle It's too subtle to tell. It's amazing! It's amazing. You can't hear it. This will determine the fate of the enemy.

What makes the enemy unable to resist is because it has hit the enemy's empty space; What makes the enemy unable to pursue is that the enemy can't catch up because he retreats too fast. Therefore, our army will fight, and the enemy will come out to fight with us despite the high base and deep ditch, because they will attack the enemy's place; Our army didn't want to fight. Although we held our position, because we induced the enemy to change the attack direction, the enemy didn't dare to fight with us.

We can find out the enemy's situation without letting the enemy find out the situation of our army, so that our army's forces can be concentrated and the enemy's forces will be dispersed. Our army is concentrated in one place and the enemy is scattered in ten places, that is, attacking the enemy with ten times the strength of the enemy, so that our army becomes an advantage and the enemy becomes a disadvantage. If we can concentrate superior forces to attack inferior enemies, there will be limited enemies fighting head-on with our army. The place where our army will attack the enemy is unknown, so there are many places to guard against. The more places the enemy guards against, the fewer enemies our army will attack.

Therefore, the front guard, the rear force is weak; Defending the rear, the troops in front will be weak; If you guard against the left, the strength on the right will be weak; Guard against right deviation, and the left-leaning forces will be weak; You seek protection everywhere, and you are weak everywhere. The disadvantage of the troops is that they are passively guarding against the enemy; The advantage of strength is to let the enemy passively guard against our army.

You can predict when and where to fight, and even fight enemies thousands of miles away; If we can't predict where to fight, even the left wing can't save the right wing, the right wing can't save the left wing, the front can't save the back, and the back can't save the front, not to mention being dozens of miles away and close at hand.

According to my analysis, although Vietnam has many soldiers, what are the interests that determine the outcome of the war?

So victory can be artificially caused. Although there are many enemy troops, it can make him unable to fight.

Therefore, it is necessary to plan strategies and analyze gains and losses; Harass the enemy and understand the law of the enemy's movement; Reconnaissance the situation and understand where it is beneficial and where it is unfavorable; Let's have a little war and find out what the enemy has advantages and disadvantages.

Therefore, those who pretend to be the best can't see the traces. You can't see the trace, even if there are deep spies, you can't see the details, and smart enemies can't figure out a way.

We still don't understand how to adapt to the enemy's situation and win, and put the fruits of victory in front of everyone; People only know how to defeat the enemy, but they don't know how to use these methods flexibly. Therefore, every time you win a battle, you don't repeat the old methods, but adapt to different situations and make endless changes.

Fighting is a bit like water. The law of water movement is to avoid high places and run down. The law of fighting is to avoid the enemy's strong points and attack the enemy's weak points. The running direction of water is limited by the terrain, and the winning strategy depends on the enemy's situation. Therefore, there is no fixed way to fight, just as there is no fixed form of water. Those who can win according to the changes of the enemy's situation are called fighting like gods.

The method of using soldiers is like a natural phenomenon, in which water, fire, wood, gold and soil interact. Spring, summer, autumn and winter alternate. The sky is long and the moon is full and short, and it is always changing.

Military dispute

Sun Tzu said: Generally speaking, the method of using troops means that the monarch will accept the orders of the monarch, from mobilizing and organizing the people and the army to confronting the enemy. In this process, nothing is more difficult than striving for the initiative of strategic progress. The reason why it is difficult to strive for initiative and preemption is to turn seemingly distant detours into convenient straight roads and difficulties into advantages. Therefore, we deliberately make a detour to lure the enemy with small profits, so that we can get to the battlefield before the enemy and get there before the enemy. This is called knowing the strategy of taking a detour as a straight line.

Therefore, it is beneficial to fight for preemption, and it is also dangerous to fight for preemption. If the whole army competes for profits with equipment, it will not be able to reach the scheduled area in time if the March is slow; If you put down the heavy equipment and the trench to compete for profit, the equipment and the trench will be gone. So, roll up your armor, go into battle lightly, stay up all night, double your speed and walk hundreds of miles for profit. If there is an emergency, the generals of the three armies may all be captured. The strong team comes first, and the weak team falls behind. As a result, only one in ten troops will get it. Walking fifty miles for profit, if there is any situation, the vanguard generals will be frustrated, only half of them will arrive; Walking 30 miles for profit, maybe two-thirds of people can do it. You know, the army can't live without the trench of the army, can't live without food support, and can't live without supplies.

People who don't know the political trends of other countries can't formulate foreign policies; Not familiar with mountains, obstacles, water networks, swamps and other terrain, can not March; If you don't reuse the wizard, you can't get the correct location.

The army used cunning methods to conceal its intentions, decided to act according to favorable conditions, and regarded the dispersion and concentration of troops as strategic and tactical changes.

Therefore, the action of the army is like a gust of wind, like a forest when it is relaxed, like a fire when it is attacked, like a mountain when it is still, and it is difficult to see the sun, moon and stars on cloudy days. When it moves, it is like lightning in the blink of an eye.

Occupy the enemy's rural towns, expand the territory, distribute plundered resources and prisoners, weigh the gains and losses, and then decide on action.

Knowing in advance that those who take a detour and take a straight line strategy will win, this is the principle of gaining the initiative advantage.

An ancient book called "Military Science" said: "Because I can't hear each other, I set up gongs and drums to conduct; We can't see each other's movements, so we set up a flag to command. " Drums, gongs and flags unify the eyes and ears of soldiers. Since people have the same audio and video, the brave can't advance alone, and the fearful can't retreat alone. This is the way to command large troops to fight. Therefore, fire and drums are often used in night fighting, and flags are often used in day fighting. These different command signals are used to adapt to people's audio-visual changes.

For the enemy, it can hurt morale, and for the enemy general, it can disturb his determination. Full of energy in the morning, gradually slack off after noon, tired and homesick at night. Therefore, people who are good at fighting should avoid the spirit of the enemy when he first went into battle and wait until the enemy is slack and tired. This is the way to master the morale of the army. Waiting for the hunger of the enemy with the fullness of one's own troops is the way to master the combat effectiveness of the army. Don't block the enemy with neat flags and sophisticated equipment, and don't attack the enemy with gorgeous lineup and strong strength. This is the way to master the movement and change.

The rule of using troops is: the enemy occupies the mountain, don't attack from behind, the enemy backs the high ground, don't attack directly, the enemy retreats, don't pursue, don't provoke the enemy's elite, the enemy lures me not to take the bait with small profits, don't intercept when the enemy retreats to his own country, leave a gap around the enemy, and don't rush to get close when the enemy is desperate.

Flat wine tablets

Sun Tzu said: The way to use troops is: the Lord will accept the monarch's orders, mobilize and organize the people to form an army to go out to war, do not camp in areas where marching is difficult, make friends with princes in areas extending in all directions, do not stay in areas where there are no living conditions, and make ingenious plans in areas where roads are narrow and in a dilemma. If you get into battle, you must fight resolutely in areas where there is only death.

Although some roads can be taken but not taken, some enemy troops can fight but cannot fight, some castles can attack but cannot attack, some places can fight but cannot fight, and some monarch's orders are acceptable but unacceptable.

A general who is proficient in the use of the above-mentioned machine changes knows how to use troops. The general is not proficient in the application of the above-mentioned machines. Although he knows the terrain, he can't get the correct position. Commanding the army doesn't know all kinds of methods. Although it knows the "five advantages", it can't give full play to the combat effectiveness of the army.

A wise general must give consideration to both interests and interests, and see favorable conditions at the same time under unfavorable circumstances, so as to improve his confidence in victory; In a smooth situation, we must see the unfavorable conditions at the same time, so as to alleviate the possible disasters.

If you want to make the strength of the governors of various countries unable to stretch, you must use strategies to hurt them; To keep the governors of various countries busy, we must drive them with what they want to do; To keep the governors of various countries busy, it is necessary to lure them with small interests.

The method of using troops is not to expect the enemy not to fight, but to wait by our preparation. It is not to expect the enemy not to attack, but to rely on our strength and methods to stop the enemy from attacking.

A general has five kinds of personality defects, which will cause danger: only knowing that death will kill him, fearing that death will be captured, impatient and irritable, unable to stand stimulation, honest and self-loving, unable to stand insults, and caring for residents will suffer the trouble of shielding residents. These five risks are the fault of the general and the disaster of fighting! The collapse of the army and the killing of generals are all caused by these five dangers, so we must be vigilant.

Marching articles

Sun Tzu said: When handling and judging the enemy's situation on various terrains, the army should pay attention to the following principles: when crossing the mountain, it must be close to the valley and high, so as to broaden the horizon ahead. When the enemy occupies a high place, it is not advisable to attack from the clouds. This is what the army does in the mountains. When crossing the river, stay away from the current; Don't meet the enemy when he comes from the water. It's good for him to attack halfway. To fight a decisive battle, don't get the moon first; Troops stationed along the river should also be stationed in high places, so as to broaden their horizons ahead and not go upstream. This is how the army deals with rivers. When passing through the saline-alkali swamp, leave quickly and don't stay; If you meet the enemy in the saline-alkali swamp, you must be close to the grass and turn your back to the forest. This is what the army does in the saline-alkali swamp. In order to occupy the open area on the plain, the main flank and rear should rely on the highland, and the front is low and the rear is high. This is the deployment of the army on the plain. Mastering these four principles of using terrain is the reason why the Yellow Emperor defeated the surrounding tribes!

All garrisons must choose dry highlands and avoid wet depressions; Seek sunshine, but avoid darkness; Close to aquatic plants; Maintain supplies and station at high places; In this way, there will be no diseases in the army, which is the guarantee of victory. For hilly dikes, they should occupy the sunny side, and the main flanks and rear should be offset. These measures and treatments that are conducive to the use of troops are all based on topography.

If it rains in the upper reaches of the river and you see bubbles floating, you should wait for the water to stabilize a little to prevent flash floods.

Some terrain is steep before and after, and water passes through it to block pedestrians; Some are large natural wells with steep streams; Some are natural prisons surrounded by mountains on three sides, which are easy to approach but difficult to get out of; Some are tight encirclement, the grass is deep and the forest is dense, and it is difficult to move; Some are natural traps with low terrain and muddy roads; Have a plenty of natural gap. When you encounter these terrains, you must leave quickly and stay away from them. We should stay away from this terrain and let the enemy approach it; We must face it and let the enemy lean on it.

On the way to March, there are steep passes, lakes and swamps, water networks, reeds, mountains and lush vegetation. We must search carefully and repeatedly. These are all places where the enemy may set an ambush or hide detectives.

The approach and quietness of the enemy depends on the danger of his occupation of the terrain; The enemy's challenge from a distance is to lure me forward; The enemy's occupation of the flat land without danger will certainly be conducive to a decisive battle with us.

When there is no wind and many trees shake, the enemy comes from the cool, and there are many obstacles in the grass, which is a suspicious array laid by the enemy; The bird suddenly flew, but there was an ambush below; It is the enemy's covert attack that makes the beast move on the news; The dust is high and sharp, and it is the enemy's chariot coming; The dust is low and wide, and the enemy infantry is coming; It was the enemy who mowed the grass and dragged the firewood, raising the dust; The enemy is camping, and the dust is less, and it rises and falls.

The emissary sent by the enemy has mild words, but he is stepping up preparations for the attack; Those who use tough words and take an offensive stance are ready to retreat; Without pomp, all deployed on the flank are battle formations; There is also a discussion and conspiracy without a date; The enemy's team is running, arranging chariots, expecting a decisive battle with me; The enemy's half-advance and half-retreat is an attempt to lure our army into the bait.

Enemy soldiers' confrontation with weapons is a sign of hunger; It is a sign of thirst for enemy soldiers to drink water first; It is a sign of fatigue that the enemy does not advance when he sees the benefits; Where birds gather in the enemy camp, there is an empty camp in front; The screams of the enemy at night are a sign of panic; What bothers the enemy will not be serious; What makes the flag shake irregularly is the confusion of the enemy team; The irritability of enemy officers is a sign of fatigue; Those who feed horses and food, kill cows and pull heavy carts to eat meat, clean up cooking utensils, and the troops don't return to camp are poor bandits who are ready to break through or try their best to escape; It is the enemy who will lose people's hearts by speaking to subordinates; The constant return is that the enemy has no way; The constant punishment is that the enemy is in a difficult situation; It is the least shrewd general who rapes first and then fears; It is the enemy who wants a truce to send envoys to negotiate tactfully and modestly; If the enemy approaches me angrily, but does not retreat for a long time, we must carefully observe his intentions.

Strength is not the more the better, as long as we can concentrate our strength, recognize the enemy's situation and select talents without blindly advancing. Only those who are thoughtless and underestimate the enemy will be captured by the enemy.

The general will execute the punishment before the soldiers are attached, and it will be difficult to cooperate if they refuse to accept it. After the rank is added, if you can't enforce discipline, you can't use it in combat. Therefore, it is necessary to manage them with "gentle means" and "military discipline and military law" to make them neat and consistent. Such an army will surely win the battle. Always strictly follow orders to discipline the team, the team will form the habit of obedience, if not strictly follow orders to discipline the team, the team will form the habit of disobedience. Being able to execute orders at ordinary times shows that the general and the ranks get along well.

Topographic article

Sun Tzu said, "communication", "hanging", "support", "narrow", "danger" and "far" are six regional forms. We can go. The area where the enemy can come is called "communication". In this cross-shaped area, we must first occupy the highland with broad vision, communicate and protect the grain route, so as to be conducive to combat. The area where you can move forward and it is difficult to retreat is called "hanging". In this "hanging" area, if the enemy is unprepared, he can suddenly attack and defeat it; If the enemy is prepared, the attack cannot be won, and it is difficult to retreat, then it will be unfavorable. Our army is not advancing well, and neither is the enemy advancing well. It's called "support" In this zigzag area, even if the enemy tempts us, we should not go out before; It is beneficial to draw the troops away, let the enemy go in the first half, and then fight back. In the "Guan" shaped area, if we arrive first, we must leave the occupied pass and wait for the enemy to attack; If the enemy arrives first and has walked out of the occupied pass, don't fight; Those who have not occupied the pass can fight. In "dangerous" areas, if our troops arrive first, we must control the highland with broad vision and wait for the enemy to attack; If the enemy arrives first, we should distract the troops and stop fighting. In the "far" geographical area, the two sides are evenly matched, which is not suitable for challenges and is not suitable for barely fighting. These six principles are the principles of using the terrain, and this is the great responsibility of the general, which must be carefully studied.

Terrain is an auxiliary condition for using troops. The commander's duty is to identify the enemy's intention, study the terrain risk, calculate the distance of the road and make a winning plan. Those who know these principles to guide operations are bound to win, while those who don't know these principles to guide operations are bound to fail.

Judging from the laws of war, it will surely win. Although the monarch said he wouldn't fight, he could keep fighting. According to the law of war, if you can't win the battle, you can not fight even if the monarch says you must. Not greedy for meritorious military service, not avoiding guilt, only knowing how to protect the people and benefit the monarch. Such a general is a valuable asset of the country.

The general treats the ranks like a baby and can follow them through fire and water; Treat the team like a child. You can ask them to fight to the death. If generosity can't instruct, caress can't command, and violate the law and discipline can't be governed, it can't be used in combat, just like pride.

Knowing that your own troops can fight, but not knowing that the enemy can't fight, there is only a half chance of winning; You know the enemy will fight.