Indifferent to the quiet and far-reaching calligraphy.

Calligraphy art, as a unique art form, deserves our in-depth study. What I bring you below is indifferent, quiet and far-reaching calligraphy. I hope you like it.

Indifferent scenery and Zhiyuan calligraphy appreciate indifferent scenery and distant calligraphy pictures 1

Indifferent to Zhi Ming, quiet and far-reaching calligraphy Figure 2

Indifferent to Zhi Ming, quiet and far-reaching calligraphy Figure 3

Indifferent to Zhi Ming, Quiet and Zhiyuan Calligraphy Picture 4

Indifferent to Zhi Ming, quiet and far-reaching calligraphy Figure 5

On the History of Calligraphy

Shang Dynasty

About BC16th century, about 3,500 years ago, a tribe named Shang Tang put out the summer and established the second slave country in China's history, namely Shang Dynasty, in the Yellow River valley. Bo, the capital of Shang Dynasty, was founded at the beginning, and now it is located in Cao County, Shandong Province, and has moved the capital several times. About BC 1300, the most famous post in history? Pan Geng moved the capital? Arrive in the central plains to build the capital? Yin? (now the area around Tuncun, a suburb of Anyang, Henan). From the beginning of the Shang Dynasty to the end of the Shang Dynasty, * * * spread to the thirty-one kings of the seventeenth generation. * * * About 600 years. The Shang dynasty had a vast territory, which existed long ago? Bunky is thousands of miles away? In short, its political power, starting from the Yangtze River valley in the south, reaching the Yanshan Mountains in the north, Shaanxi in the west and the seaside in the east, is a powerful slave country. Culture reaches a wider area, reaching Hengyang, Ningxiang, Hunan and Qingjiang, Jiangxi in the south and Liaoning and Inner Mongolia in the north. The Shang Dynasty was in the initial stage in the history of calligraphy in China, and it really became strong after Yin established its capital, so this period was also called Yin Dynasty or Yin Shang, and the history of calligraphy began with Yin Shang.

The development of slavery promoted a greater social division of labor. In Shang Dynasty, there were a group of professional intellectuals who were divorced from productive labor and specialized in scientific and cultural activities. At this time, the division of labor and opposition between mental labor and manual labor are more obvious, and the creation and development of culture in this period is the result of thousands of slave labor practices. These intellectuals also played a certain role in the accumulation and arrangement of culture. The culture of Shang Dynasty is characterized by characters, calendars and various artworks. Now we have found the script of Shang Dynasty, which is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Bronze inscriptions also appeared in the middle and late Shang Dynasty.

(1) Oracle Bone Inscriptions

Because Oracle Bone Inscriptions was carved with a knife, because the knife was blunt and sharp, and the bone was thin, hard and loose, so the strokes he carved were thick and thin, square and round. Therefore, oracle calligraphy often shows the following characteristics: Fang Bi and Zhebi are the main strokes, and the lines are thin, straight and firm; The font method is interspersed with density and the font size changes, but the arrangement is symmetrical and harmonious. In composition, the characters are not evenly spaced and completely opposite, but there are also uneven changes, which shows the writer's ancient romantic feelings. In addition, Oracle Bone Inscriptions's handwriting is mostly from right to left and from top to bottom, and this writing and arrangement has always influenced the later history of calligraphy. What's more, Oracle Bone Inscriptions was discovered in archaeological excavations. More than 3,000 years ago, our ancestors were already using writing tools like today's brush, which can be confirmed by the fragments of Oracle Bone Inscriptions that have been written but haven't had time to engrave.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions's writing method in Shang Dynasty was constantly developing and changing. In different periods, in addition to the writing methods of many commonly used words, their artistic styles and characteristics are also different. Oracle Bone Inscriptions researcher Dong Zuobin according to? Real people? Oracle Bone Inscriptions is divided into five periods by different names: the first period: Wuding and before; The second stage: from Zu Geng to Zujia; The third stage: from forest rate to Kangding; The fourth period: from Wuyi to Wen Ding; The fifth period: from the first to Di Xin. The first period is the initial period of the whole Oracle Bone Inscriptions calligrapher in Shang Dynasty, which has the beauty of grandeur and broadness; The second stage of the knife method is neat and the font is beautiful; The artistic appearance of the third period is not as good as that of the previous and later periods, and it is relatively weak; The fourth period shows a certain strength, with strong fonts but simple shapes; The fifth period, which was the end of oracle calligraphy in Shang Dynasty, was very rigorous and neat. In recent years, archaeologists discovered Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the Yueshi culture period during the archaeological excavation of the Historian Site in Huantai, Shandong Province. According to textual research, these Oracle Bone Inscriptions were two or three hundred years earlier than Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins.

1. Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Wuding period.

This section of Oracle Bone Inscriptions was carved on the shoulder bone of a cow during the Wuding period of Shang Dynasty (about the first half of13rd century to the second half of12nd century), which recorded the astronomical meteorology and simple social life of Xiaotun village in the suburb of Anyang, Henan province at that time? Yin ruins? Unearthed and now in the Museum of Chinese History. This is a large bone plate with a height of 32.5 cm and a width of 19.8 cm. It is well preserved, with more than 60 words/kloc-0 engraved on the front and back. As shown in the figure, the front line is *** 10, and there are more than 70 words that can be clearly seen and recognized. Archaeologists and ancient philologists divide the development process of the discovered excavation in Oracle Bone Inscriptions into five periods. This stone carving is a masterpiece of the first period. Because it is carved with a knife, the strokes are thick and thin, square and round, but generally speaking, they are mainly square folds; Fonts vary in size, are irregularly arranged and crooked, but they are vivid and natural. Compared with Oracle Bone Inscriptions in other periods, its lines are more vigorous and majestic, its structure is more standardized, its writing and seal cutting skills are more mature, its modeling is elegant and simple, which is a typical example of oracle calligraphy. Although Oracle Bone Inscriptions's sculpture has matured in this period, it still has a strong beauty of simplicity.

2. Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Zujia period

This passage on Oracle Bone Inscriptions was carved on the shoulder bone of cattle in Zujia period of Shang Dynasty (about 65438+the second half of the 2nd century BC). Its main content is divination, which predicts the misfortune and happiness in recent days. Found in Yin Ruins of Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province, there are two lines and 35 words left on it. Chinese characters are arranged neatly, especially in the middle three paragraphs, and their sizes are basically the same, which is the main feature of oracle calligraphy in the second period. Compared with the other four issues, the font is formal and neat, lacking the vivid beauty brought by interspersed and scattered.

3. Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the First Di Xin Period.

This section of Oracle Bone Inscriptions was carved on the tortoise shell in the first and Di Xin periods of Shang Dynasty (about 1 1 mid-century) and was found in Yin Ruins in Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province. There are more than 260 words, representing oracle calligraphy in five periods. The handwriting is very small, like a grain of rice, with fine strokes and neat and rigorous structure. In sharp contrast to the thick lines in the first issue of Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

(2) bronze inscription

Bronze inscriptions generally refer to inscriptions carved on bronzes in the pre-Qin period. Now the concave inscriptions are generally called? Money? What's the name of Yang Wen? Do you know? , so Jin Wen has another name; ? Zhong Dingwen? (Pre-Qin bronzes are represented by bells and ding. )? Money? 、? Zhong Ding's learning? Wait a minute.

Early bronze inscriptions in Yin Ruins and Oracle Bone Inscriptions coexisted in the middle and late Shang Dynasty. Most of the characters on Shang bronzes are very few words, often only two or three words, not more than 50 words at most, and some characters are similar to pictures, and strokes often appear thick and fat in the middle and thin at both ends, so people vividly compare Shang bronzes inscriptions to? Tadpole role? Or? Pictures and words? . Jinwen calligraphy has a process of writing, molding and casting. Compared with Oracle Bone Inscriptions, naive, mysterious and dignified.

In Shang dynasty, Oracle Bone Inscriptions occupied by its transcendental function of connecting the divine will? Witch? The core of culture. In the same period, bronze inscriptions also appeared, but because of this period, bronze inscriptions were not obtained? Ritual music? Cultural support, so the development of bronze inscriptions is in a state of being suppressed. However, it should be noted that Jin Wen and Oracle Bone Inscriptions in this period were actually in a state of * * *, because Jin Wen had not yet obtained a social and cultural mechanism suitable for his own survival and development. Therefore, the rise and fall of inscriptions on bronze inscriptions and Wen Jia largely reflect the result of two different cultural choices.

According to the excavation of the site, before Pan Geng moved to Yin, there was no inscription on the Yi wares of Shang Dynasty. After Pan Geng moved to Yin, inscriptions began to appear in small quantities, usually only one or two words. The inscription has a pattern and has a strong decorative significance. There are typical fat pens, mostly totems and family emblem symbols. ? These words or synonymous inscriptions are often engraved in conspicuous places such as the inner wall and bottom of utensils, and their positions are hidden, which of course shows that they do not undertake the main functions. ? In the late Shang Dynasty, the number of inscriptions began to increase, but most of them were dozens of crosses. It is worth noting that the content reflected in the bronze inscriptions in this period is only limited to ancestor worship, and it is far from the general level of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, who lives in the ideological center and permeates all fields of social life. As a result, the bronze inscriptions in the whole Yin and Shang Dynasties were in a vassal position dominated by Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

1. Smectane

Simu Wuding is not only a famous bronze ware in the middle of Shang Dynasty, but also the largest bronze ware discovered in China so far. 1938 Unearthed in Wuguan Village, Anyang, Henan Province, and now in the Museum of Chinese History. This bronze ware was made by Wang Yin as a sacrifice to his mother? e？ And casting, casting in the belly of the tripod? Simuwu? Three Chinese characters are the representatives of inscriptions on bronze in Shang Dynasty. The strokes are magnificent, but the thickness is inconsistent. Obviously, the middle part is thick and fat, and both ends of the head and tail are sharp and thin, exposing the edge; The characters have strange postures and strong images. Mom? Words are like a woman kneeling there, her hands crossed and her knees kneeling on the ground. So later people called this bronze inscription Shang Dynasty? What did you say? ,? Pictures and words? . His calligraphy has the beauty of childishness, while the bronze wares and inscriptions cast on this end give people a dignified feeling.

2. Xiao Chen Yuzun

Yuzun, also known as Yuzun, was a bronze ware in the first period of Shang Dynasty. Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty was unearthed in Liangshan, Shouzhang County, Shandong Province, and now it is in the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco, USA. Inscription ***4 lines of 27 words, the strokes are round and thick, mostly thick in the middle and thin at both ends, such as? Wang? Again? The heavy brushwork with (you) as the main character is a typical style of bronze calligraphy in the middle and late Shang Dynasty, with strong decoration and rich brushwork.

3. "Wu Si Ziding"

Wu Si Ziding is a famous bronze ware in the late Shang Dynasty. 1959 was unearthed in Anyang City, Henan Province, and is now in Anyang Workstation, Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Inscription ***3 lines and 29 sons, the content is that the record dealer Wang gave 20 friends to Wu's son Bei, and Bei gave this Fang Ding to his father. The calligraphy font size of the inscription is uneven, and the strokes of some words have obvious ripples. End? Dogs? Fish? Two hieroglyphs, perhaps representing? E-son？ A symbol of the family.