Who can help me provide some model essays for graphic design graduation thesis ~! ! Try to be at least 3000 words behind others?

Abstract: As a symbolic phenomenon in visual space design, graphic design plays a role in communicating people and culture and information. Therefore, we should study and understand this point, explore more symbolic features, and apply semiotic principles to graphic design more accurately.

Keywords: symbol; Semiotics; Phenotypic thinking; visualize

introduce

At the competition venue, the designer painted the corner walls with black and yellow stripes to remind drivers to concentrate and be alert to accidents. This is because whenever people see black and yellow stripes, they will unconsciously feel fear and vigilance. This feeling may not only come from the visual characteristics of the pattern color itself, but also be related to the association of black and yellow stripes with animals that may bring danger to people, such as tigers or bees. People's fear and vigilance against such graphics is a continuation of people's fear and vigilance against tigers or bees in their life experiences. The same green color often makes people feel relaxed and happy, as if being in dense jungle and fresh air, and life can grow healthily in the natural environment. Therefore, green is more applied to the design theme of life fields such as medicine and environmental protection.

Such examples are numerous in life, and there are often similar applications in actual design. What is the reason? What laws govern these phenomena? It turns out that behind many techniques that we widely use in graphic design, the shadow of semiotics principle is hidden, and this phenomenon also exists in graphic design. Graphics itself is a symbolic image in visual space design, and it is a direct and accurate communication medium in the process of visual communication. It plays an important role in communicating people, culture and information. In graphic design, the application of semiotics affects the expression of thinking in images in graphic design. It is precisely because of its existence that the information transmission of graphic design is more scientific and accurate, and the expression techniques are more colorful.

1 the essential relationship between graphic design and semiotics

1. 1 About symbols and semiotics

As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Zhuangzi, a famous thinker in China, pointed out in his book "Zhuangzi Waipian" that "the speaker thinks too much and forgets to be proud of himself", that is, there is a relationship between representation and representation between language and things. Language is the representation of things, and things are the representation of language. The task of language is to convey the information of things, and the function of language is to convey information. A symbol is something that expresses or indicates something by some medium. Eco, a famous Italian symbolist, pointed out that a symbol is defined as any such thing, and according to the established social habits, it can be regarded as something that represents other things-a symbol X represents a nonexistent Y, and the idiom "goose mud with red claws" vividly and accurately expresses the concept of a symbol. The paw prints left by a swan goose in the mud and snow let people know the fact that a swan goose once passed here. Paw prints are symbols X, Hongyan is not Y, and semiotics is a science that studies the laws of symbols.

Where does the symbol 1.2 come from?

Due to the unique social labor and language of human beings, people's conscious activities have reached a highly developed level. People's thinking begins with knowing appearances, then records the appearances in their brains to form concepts, and then generalizes and fixes these concepts from real life experience, so that various objects and processes in the external world and even their own thinking world can produce their own corresponding images in their brains. These influences are separated from direct external relations and maintained and operated independently of thinking. These impressions are based on narrow language, but they are also expressed in a wide range of languages, such as visual graphics, body movements and music.

1.3 graphic design and semiotic principles

Graphic design is a special thinking process.

The process of human consciousness is actually a process of symbolizing the world, and thinking is nothing more than an operational process of selecting, combining, transforming and regenerating symbols. So it can be said that people think with symbols, and symbols are the main body of thinking. The purpose of graphic design is to convey information. Undoubtedly, the planning of font position, proportion and relationship in two-dimensional space is also a thinking process, but at the same time it is not a thinking process in the usual sense. This is a thinking process that starts from the designer and continues to the psychological activities of the audience, and this continuation depends on the symbols as the main body of thinking. Just like the example mentioned at the beginning of this article, the designer symbolized the dangerous animal tiger or bee as yellow and black stripes, and relied on it to convey the information of danger and vigilance to the driver's consciousness.

B. graphic design can be said to be a symbol.

The purpose of graphic design is to convey information by using print media, which determines that it must be a part of generalized language. Therefore, graphic design itself is a symbol expression; At the same time, it is also based on the way and principle of symbols. This shows how important it is to use symbols reasonably and accurately to achieve the purpose of information transmission. Finding a symbol X can accurately convey the information of Y, which has become the key to the success or failure of a graphic design work.

Explore the characteristics of symbols more and use the language of symbols more accurately.

Graphic design itself is the expression of symbols, designers use it to convey their own thinking process and conclusions to the audience, so as to achieve the purpose of guidance or persuasion; In other words, through the designer's works, let the audience use their own experience to confirm and finally understand the thoughts and feelings that the designer wants to express. Obviously, graphic design works, as an intermediate medium, act as the symbol of designers' thoughts and feelings at this moment, and whether the information expressed by this symbol can be accepted and recognized accurately, quickly and effectively by the viewer becomes the symbol of the success of the design works. This is determined by the accuracy and effectiveness of the designer's choice, combination, transformation and regeneration of graphic symbols in the process of design thinking. It can be said that symbols are tools to express thoughts and feelings. The old adage "If a worker wants to be good at his work, he must sharpen his tools first" has a new interpretation here.

In order to better understand and use symbols as a tool, we should understand three concepts:

2. 1 deepen the symbol continuously.

Three types and levels of symbols

At present, in the field of symbol theory research, it is generally believed that from the perspective of the relationship between symbols and the objects they refer to (that is, the things or fields they point to and involve), symbols can be divided into the following three different types, which are also symbols of three levels:

■ Icon image symbols are formed by simulating or resembling an object. Such as a portrait, is a symbol of someone's image. People have an intuitive perception of it, which can be identified by the similarity of images.

■ INDEX means that there is causal or spatio-temporal correlation between the index and the referred object. Such as road signs, are indicators of roads; Doors are indicators of building exits.

■ There is no necessary or inherent connection between the symbol and the object it refers to, which is the result of convention. The object it refers to and the acquisition of relevant meaning are the long-standing emotional associations of many people, that is, social customs. For example, red represents revolution, and peaches are a symbol of longevity in the eyes of China people.

The above three aspects are not only three types of symbols-coexisting but not replacing each other, but also three levels of symbol deepening, which is a process from image symbols to indicator symbols to symbol symbols, with deeper deepening and wider information content. When the image of pigeons appears on the packaging of products, it is undoubtedly only the symbol of goods in the packaging, and the message conveyed to consumers is that "the goods in this packaging are related to pigeons". At this time, it appears as an image symbol; Pigeons are common animals in people's lives and have widely recognized animal characteristics. Therefore, when they appear on road signs or place signs, they appear as indicators to convey the message that "this belongs to the field of animal protection"; When this image appears again, it forms a new symbol with the maple leaf. There is no longer the meaning of the above two, but refers to charity, indicating a kind of peace and assistance, and together with maple leaves, indicating the region. When people see maple leaves, it is easy to think of the image of Canada. Maple leaf has become a symbol of Canada. The pigeon image here is presented to people as its symbol. The designer specially created the missing corner of the maple leaf for the unemployed to see, and specially evolved the missing corner of the maple leaf into a pigeon shape, indicating that the charity is giving you a helping hand and skillfully showing the information idea of "Canada-Charity-Restoration". At this time, the expression of its meaning is accurate and effective, which is the inevitable result of its process of changing from a simple image symbol to an indicator symbol through its inherent causal relationship, and then giving it a broader meaning by the feelings and associations of many people for a long time, and jumping into a symbol. It can be seen that in order to convey the information of thoughts and feelings more effectively and accurately, a process of symbol deepening is needed. But it is irresponsible and contrary to the original intention to deepen the reference of symbols blindly and aimlessly.

2.2 grasping the variable thinking of symbols is a category of time and space.

As a narrow personal thinking, it has the same length as life and explores different living spaces; As a thinking activity of human society in a broader sense, it has universal significance of eternity and applicability to all involved spaces. As the main body of thinking, symbols are also changeable in the transformation of time and space.

■ Different time and space make a specific symbol have different reference objects;

■ Different time and space, different symbols refer to the same thing;

In design, these variables should be grasped in the selection, mining and application of symbols in order to convey information accurately.

Different time and space make specific symbols have different references.

A large number of tortoise shells and animal bones unearthed from the Yinshang site in Anyang, Henan Province are engraved with a large number of hieroglyphics, which are called Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which is the earliest text that can be verified in China. These words are used to record the divination results at that time, that is, to record the symbols of events. With the passage of time, thousands of years later, in addition to the characteristics of the symbols that record events in the eyes of archaeologists, in the eyes of most people, these illegible words have become the symbols of that era thousands of years ago. In a large number of graphic design works, the image of Oracle Bone Inscriptions appears repeatedly, and the information it conveys is no longer the result of the ancients asking about their fate, but has become people's recollection of that era. Here, these words have become a reminder of the glory of Chinese civilization for thousands of years.

The "swastika" is an ancient spell, amulet or religious symbol, which is usually regarded as a symbol of fire or the sun and has appeared in many countries and regions. In China and other Asian countries, "Zi" is a Buddhist symbol, which means "auspicious place" in Sanskrit. People think it is an auspicious symbol appearing on Sakyamuni's chest, and it is used as a symbol of "universal virtue, good luck and wishful thinking". Wu Zetian lived for two years (AD 693). She customized the pronunciation to "ten thousand, ten thousand sounds" and wrote "ten thousand" in the Buddhist scriptures. However, the same character has a completely different meaning in modern Europe. 1920, Hitler, the leader of Nazi Germany at that time, regarded Zi as the Nazi party's party emblem, which he thought symbolized "the mission of fighting for the victory of Aryans" and Zi became a symbol of fascist rule, violence and bloody terror. (2) the same symbol, but in different spaces, there are diametrically opposite references, and "shua" is a typical example. The design works of "the auspicious canal" in China or Asia are absolutely unacceptable to people in western countries. They can't understand that this symbol is different from the reference they are used to.

In the case of relatively consistent time and space, social factors are also the main factors to change the symbol reference. Condom is a very common birth control tool, but in just a few decades, as a symbol, it has undergone tremendous changes in every corner of the world. Because of its use, in early design works, its appearance only implies its behavior itself. However, in the 1950s and 1960s, with the discovery and rapid spread of AIDS, the image of condoms appeared more frequently in design works, and its reference object changed from the original meaning to "preventing the spread of AIDS in different regions", and people's recognition of its new meaning can be seen. The internet has a similar experience. Because the network has become an indispensable way of communication in contemporary human society, and the symbol "@" is the symbol of the network. Its original computer symbol and the meaning of the network have gradually been forgotten by people, and it has become the symbol of communication instead. . This point is also repeated in graphic design works of related themes.

B Different time and space, different symbols refer to the same thing.

Our society is experiencing more and more rapid changes. The ever-changing time and space endows things with new meanings, and things are constantly changing their symbols to adapt to the new meanings. People who live in such a constantly changing time and space are constantly changing their cognition of things, and the images-symbols constructed in their brains will naturally be different. Fashion, perhaps the fastest changing thing in society, is different every year, every month and even every day. The symbols representing fashion are constantly changing.

In 2002, the model of rogue rabbit swept the capital, and it conquered the audience with wonderful plot and eye-catching visual effects. Many friends will ask each other "have you seen the rogue rabbit" when they meet. There is no doubt that watching such an animation is the embodiment of fashion and has become one of the symbols representing "fashion". Now many businesses in the market have been inspired by this animation and created a group of images similar to the hero's shape in the movie. The purpose is to convey to the audience that buying and using this product is a fashion behavior like watching an animated rogue rabbit, and it is one of the lifestyles that you will always grasp the pulse of fashion. The target consumer group is such a group that pursues lifestyle. It is conceivable that at an earlier time, when animation was unknown, designers would not have thought of using these images, and these images could not be recognized by people. Because there was no such animation or image in the symbols representing fashion at that time. The Red Cross is a voluntary and international rescue group developed from battlefield rescue. Up to now, about 140 countries have established the Red Cross Society. In most countries, the Red Cross on a white background is used as a symbol and is called the Red Cross. Some countries and regions, such as some Arab countries, take the Red Crescent on a white background as their symbol and name the organization "Red Crescent Society". In Iran, the Red Cross is called the Red Lion and the Sun Society, which means the red lion and the sun on a white background. But no matter what the name or logo is, the effect is the same. Huangyuan? Your majesty, excuse me? Ye Naimu? ⒆⒒ ⒒ ⒒ ⒒ ⒒ ⒒ ⒒ ⒒? Only? What's the matter with you? Excuse me. nbsp

To sum up, as a thinking process or symbol expression, the symbol elements of graphic design works' selection, combination and application should be symbols with clear reference function. It should conform to the requirements or performance of its space, time and social reality in order to properly play its due role. This requires the designer to grasp the possible variables of the symbols he uses, and ensure that the current values of these symbols are exactly what the designer needs to express his thoughts and feelings, rather than their existing, ever-existing or possible other meanings.

"Nothing is more complicated and basic than something related to symbols. Symbols are related to the whole field of human knowledge and life. They are universal tools in the human world, just like the movement of physical nature. " ③ Graphic design, as one of the means and ways for human beings to express consciousness and convey information, also depends on semiotics. Eco even put forward that "man is an animal of symbols", and the purpose of graphic design is the communication between people, and symbols are undoubtedly an inevitable tool. As a designer, learning to use semiotic tools will make the design more effective. As a medium to convey ideas, design itself is a symbol, and design is composed of symbolic elements. Designers successfully select, combine, transform and regenerate these elements, and assemble them into symbols that refer to their own thoughts and become symbols recognized by themselves and the audience. This is the real formation of communication and the accurate and complete transmission of information, and the thinking process of design is complete.

Semiotics, as an interdisciplinary comprehensive science, its profound principles and methodology have been widely and deeply studied and practiced in various applied disciplines, as well as in graphic design.

Precautions:

① Symbols are used exactly —— Introduction to Theoretical Semiotics by Li Youyan, P2 Social Science Literature Publishing House, 1st edition, June 1999.

② 1920, then Germany ...-Cihai, P96, 1979 edition.

(3) "No problem ...-French neo-Thomas philosopher Maritain Dilly, ed. , 1986,5.

References:

1/ Introduction to theoretical semiotics, by Li Youyan, Social Science Literature Publishing House, 1st edition, June 1999.

2/ Symbol of Artistic Phenomenon He Xinzhu People's Literature Publishing House 1987

3/ China Traditional Auspicious Patterns, edited by Li, Shanghai Science Popularization Press 19+00.

4/ Mysterious Symbols in Life, Wang Hongqi China Overseas Chinese Publishing House 1992.6.

5/ "Semiotics of Science" Wang Desheng waiting for Liaoning University Press 1992+02.

6/ Bart Roland, Symbolic Empire (France), Commercial Press 1994.2.

Semiotic principle in graphic design

Song Dong-Hui,-Jay

(Design Department, Guilin, China 54 1004)

Abstract: As a symbol in visual design, graphics play a bridge role between people and culture and communication. Therefore, we should learn and understand it. When dealing with graphic design, we should dig more symbolic features and apply precise semiotic principles.

Keywords: Symbol Semiotics Imaginative Thinking (Imagery Thinking) Visualization