What are the Thirteen Classics?

Thirteen Classics refers to thirteen Confucian classics formed in the Southern Song Dynasty. They are The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Zhou Li, Yi Li, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, Zuo Zhuan, The Biography of Gongyang, Liang Bochuan, The Analects of Confucius, Er Ya, Xiao Jing and Mencius.

Its formation process is as follows: Li Han's Poems, Books, Changes, Rites and Chunqiu are the five classics of the literati.

Zhou Li, Yi Li, Ram and Gu Liang of the Tang family are nine masterpieces.

In adulthood, filial piety, Analects of Confucius and Erya were added as twelve classics.

Thirteen classics of Mencius were added in the Song Dynasty.

Extended data:

Specific introduction:

Zhouyi is a book of divination, its outer layer is mysterious and its inner philosophy is profound.

Shangshu is a compilation of ancient historical documents, the main contents of which are imperial letters and conversation record, monarchs and ministers.

The Book of Songs is a collection of poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, which is divided into three parts: style, elegance and ode. Wind is a folk song, elegance is the orthodox elegance of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Ode is a dance music for the upper class to worship the ancestral temple.

Zhou Li, formerly known as Zhou Guan, was seen among the people in the Western Han Dynasty, and most scholars think it may have been written in the Warring States Period. Mainly collected the official system of Zhou royal family and the systems of various countries during the Warring States period.

Yili mainly records the ritual system in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

The Book of Rites is a collection of Confucian scholars' exegesis of the Confucian classic "Yili" from the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties. It was edited by two scholars in the Western Han Dynasty, Li De and his nephew Dai Sheng. It is a compilation of various etiquette works before Qin and Han Dynasties.

Three Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Annals is a work formed around the classics of the Spring and Autumn Annals.

According to legend, the author of Gu Liang Biography was a disciple of Xia Zi, who was born in Chi, Lvliang during the Warring States Period. At first, it was also taught orally, and it was not until the Western Han Dynasty that it was written. The last two biographies focus on discussion.

The Analects of Confucius is the notes of Confucius' disciples on Confucius' quotations in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it is also the record of Confucius and his disciples' words and deeds.

The author of The Book of Filial Piety by Confucius in the Western Han Dynasty is still controversial, but he prefers the works of Ceng Zi School. Ancient monographs on filial piety.

Mencius was written by Mencius, a Confucian scholar in the Warring States Period. It is devoted to Mencius' speech, thought and behavior.

Erya is a dictionary compiled by scholars from the Warring States to the Western Han Dynasty, which can be used to learn Confucian classics. Erya contains more than 4,300 words, which are used to explain the meaning of words and famous things, and are often used by scholars to explain classics.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-thirteen classics