Zhang Gui, Zishiyan and Anding Ubuntu People's Understanding of Classical Chinese

Zhang Gui, Zishiyan, a native of Wushi County, Anding, is the 17th grandson of Zhang Er, the king of Changshanjing in Han Dynasty. The family has been filial for generations and is famous for its specialization in Confucianism. Father Zhang Wen is an official rank. Zhang Gui is young, intelligent and studious, with great talent and prestige, elegant and dignified posture. She falls in love with Huangfu Mi, a native of the same county, and lives in seclusion in Nuji Mountain, Yiyang. In the early years of Taishi (265), he was a five-grade official who inherited the kindness of his uncle. Zhang Hua, supervisor of China Book Association, talked with Zhang Gui about the advantages and disadvantages of Confucian classics and politics, and spoke highly of him. He thinks that the crackdown on Chiang Kai-shek in Anding County has blinded talents and praised Zhang Gui's speech, thinking that he is excellent even at the second level. Wei will call him an official and call him a prince and a housekeeper. He was tired of riding an ordinary servant and recruiting a western army.

Due to the disaster of the times, Zhang Gui secretly plotted to occupy the land of Hexi. To this end, he predicted good and bad luck, and when he got the encounter between the Thai hexagram and the Guan hexagram in the sixty-four hexagrams, he threw away the yarrow and said happily, "This is a good omen for the bully." So he asked the court to let him do Liangzhou secretariat. Ministers also recommend Zhang Gui, thinking that his talent is enough to rule the distance. In the early years of Yongning (30 1), Zhang Gui was appointed as a captain to protect Qiang and a secretariat of Liangzhou. At that time, Xianbei people rebelled, bandits crisscrossed the States, robbed property, and Zhang Rail arrived. He immediately marched eastward, wiped out bandits and beheaded more than 10,000 people. So Zhang Rail became famous in Liangzhou and practiced enlightenment in Hexi. Zhang Gui, together with Song Pei, Yin Chong, ... Yuan and Yin Lian, as his right advisers, recruited 500 noble firstborn sons in nine counties, set up schools and started offering wine sacrifices. His position is the same as that of other drivers. During the spring and autumn period, the etiquette of shooting and selecting scholars was practiced. Miao Jian, the secretary, and Shaofu met the stars at night and got together and said, "The world will be in chaos, and the only refuge is Liangzhou. Liangzhou Zhang Ci's virtue is extraordinary and should be on this person! " When King Hejian and King Chengdu rebelled, Zhang Gui sent 3,000 soldiers to Beijing to defend the son of heaven. At the beginning, Yang Chengyuan, a native of Jincheng, killed the satrap in the late Han Dynasty, and Feng Zhong, a native of the county, went to collect the body for the satrap, caressed the body and wailed, vomiting blood and died. Wu Yong, a native of Zhangye, was named assistant minister by Ma Xian, the captain of the Qiang protection team. Later, Wu Yong became an official of Pang Shen, a captain of Wei State. Pang Shen and Ma Xian fabricated charges against each other and should be sentenced to death according to their crimes. Both of them called Wu Yong to testify. Considering that they could not make sense, Wu Yong committed suicide. Pang Shen and Ma Xian felt ashamed and regretted, and reconciled with each other. Zhang Gui paid homage to the tombs of Feng and Wu, and gave preferential treatment to their descendants. During the period of Yongxing (304 ~ 305), Barore, a noble of Xianbei, rebelled and rebelled, and Zhang Guipai sent Sima Song to recruit soldiers, crusade against rebellion, behead Baneng and capture more than 100,000 people. Zhang Gui became famous. Emperor Jinhui sent Zhang Gui as General Anxi, and sealed thousands of households in Anle Township and Food City. So the ancient city of Tibet was built on a large scale. Its city was originally built by the Huns, seven miles long from north to south and three miles long from east to west. The terrain is dragon-shaped, so it is also called Wolong City. At the beginning, Dr. Hou Jin, a Dunhuang native, said to his disciples, "In the future, there will be no springs in the west of the city, and two towers will be erected on the spring pool, facing the east gate of the city, among which there will be tyrants." During Wei Jiaping's reign (249 ~ 254), the county magistrate built a learning museum and built two towers on the spring pool in the west of the city, just overlooking the east gate. By this time, Zhang became the overlord of Hexi.

In the early years of Yongjia (307), Han Zhi, a captain of Dongqiang, killed Zhang Fu, the secretariat. Sima Yangyin, Zhang Fu's subordinate, advised Zhang Fu: "Today, if you don't listen to orders, you will kill Zhang Fu at will, and one side will be heavily guarded. Those lawless people should be punished. This is also the great righteousness advocated by Spring and Autumn Annals. The princes in Spring and Autumn Annals killed each other and annexed each other. If Huan Gong can't help, then Huan Gong will take it. Zhang Gui listened to this suggestion, sent the middle governor to protect ... and led twenty thousand soldiers and horses to crusade against Han Zhi. First of all, he sent someone to send a letter to Han Zhi, which said: "At present, the court discipline is chaotic, and governors of all parties should work together and be diligent. I just got the Yongzhou document, saying that you are fighting each other. On the one hand, I, the governor, have just fought against the rebels, and 30 thousand soldiers are coming in an endless stream. The pain of my friends being killed by their old friends is beyond words! The ancients fought to defend their country. If you go to the Malays alone to apologize, you and I can still decide the world. " Han Zhi surrendered to Zhang Gui after receiving the letter. Zhang Gui, the main book of Linghu Cliff, asked Nanyang Mo. Sima Mo was very happy. He gave Zhang Gui the sword given by the son of heaven and said to Zhang Gui, "Since the West, all military and political affairs have been entrusted to you. This sword is like a scepter. When he entered Luoyang, Zhang Gui sent Chun, Zhang, Ma Yi and Rui to attack Liangzhou soldiers, and Liu Cong was defeated by Hedong. There is a rumor in the capital: "Liangzhou Malaysia runs rampant all over the world. Liangzhou chaos, thieves disappear; You are clumsy and afraid of killing people. "The son of heaven reward Zhang Gui loyalty, made him xiping county, Zhang Gui refused. There is the word "Golden Horse" on the stone of Lin Songshan in Zhangye, and the handwriting is generally recognizable, while the word "Zhang" is clearly written, and there is an inscription saying: "The world was first established, and the west was peaceful for thousands of years. "There is a big black stone in the ancient collection, and the white spots on it constitute twenty-eight nights. At that time, the world was in chaos, and the governors of all parties did not listen to the mission of the court. Zhang Tie sent envoys to pay tribute to the emperor, which was never abolished all year round. The imperial court rewarded Zhang Gui with many letters of condolence.

Zhang Gui later suffered a stroke and was unable to speak, so he asked his son, Zhang Mao, to act as an agent. The satrap of Jiuquan secretly called Jia Xiaosheng, the secretariat, to replace Zhang Gui, secretly sent messengers to the capital, and invited Cao Kui, the assistant minister of Shangshu, as the satrap of Xiping, in an attempt to form a situation of interdependence and mutual help. However, Zhang Gui wanted to act arbitrarily and sent an envoy to Chang 'an to tell Nanyang Mo that Zhang Gui was physically disabled and asked the court to let Jia Xiaosheng take the place of Zhang Gui, and Jia Xiaosheng was also ready to accept the position. His brother scolded Jia Kan, saying, "Zhang Gong is a great soldier today, and he is famous in Liangzhou. What virtue can you have to replace him! " Jia Xiaosheng dismissed the idea. The court also appointed lieutenant Yu as the secretariat of Liangzhou. Zhizhong rode to Chang 'an, cut off his ear and put it on a plate, telling him that Zhang Tie was framed. Mo from Nanyang went to the imperial court to stop the replacement of the secretariat.

Zhang Yue, a native of Jinchang, is a big family in Liangzhou. It is said that Zhang ruled Liangzhou and thought that his talent and ability could satisfy this statement. Zhang Yue was promoted from Longxi secretariat to Liangzhou secretariat. Zhang Yue's ambition was to govern Liangzhou, so he returned to Hexi under the pretext of illness, secretly conspired to replace Zhang Gui, and sent his brothers, cao kui and Qu Pei to send books to all counties, abolishing Zhang Gui's post of secretariat, and this military company acted as the agent of state affairs, and asked the court to appoint him as the secretariat of Liangzhou. Zhang Gui issued an order: "I have been in Liangzhou for eight years, so I can't settle down. At the same time, the rebels in Zhongzhou are in turmoil, and the situation in Qin Long is critical. Besides, I am seriously ill and dying. So, I'm really considering retiring. It's just that the responsibility of the position is too great to end the wish immediately. I didn't expect someone to stir up today's troubles for no reason. I really don't understand my heart. I take leaving Liangzhou expensive land as taking off my shoes! " Zhang Gui is going to send the chief bookkeeper to Beijing with Shubiao, and at the same time prepare horses and chariots, and prepare to return to Yiyang for retirement. Wang Rong, who has a long history, and Meng Chang, who joined the army, broke the proclamation sent by Jang Jin with their feet, pushed the door in and remonstrated: "The Jin Dynasty was changeable, and the people painted charcoal. It really depends on the public to appease the west. If the Jang Jin brothers dare to make trouble, they should announce their crimes and kill the rebels, which will not realize their ambitions. " The railing is silent. Wang Rong and others imposed martial law. Zhang, the satrap of Wuwei, sent his son to Beijing, saying, "He was convicted of appeasement and demoted for serving the country. These are all things worthy of ridicule in previous history, and they can also be used for reference today. Yang Shun officials miss the prefect Liu Tao, and there are as many as 1,000 mourners. Zhang Cishi's governance of Liangzhou is like a loving mother raising a child, and Liangzhou people's love for Zhang Rail is like a seedling facing the rain in dry season. I heard that the court listened to rumors and planned to change the secretariat. The people were in a panic, as if they were about to lose their parents. Today, the Hu people disturb China, so it's not advisable to scratch one side rashly. " Soon, Zhang Gui appointed his son Zhang E as the middle commander and led a crusade against Jang Jin. He also sent his nephew to Hu Yan to persuade him, "Why not judge the situation and see if it will succeed or fail?"? Zhang Gong is highly respected in Liangzhou, and his military forces are like clouds. It's like a fire burning, but you're waiting for Jianghan's water to put it out. Submerged in the torrent, it is beyond our power to expect the people of the whole country to come to help! Now that tens of thousands of troops have arrived in Enemy at the Gates, only by sincerely surrendering to the imperial court can we let our loved ones be safe, continue their homes and preserve their family happiness. " Jang Jin cried and said, "I was misunderstood by others!" He put the charges on Gong Cao's head, beheaded Lu Lian, and surrendered to Zhang Kai to apologize. Zhang Kai led troops south to crusade against Cao Cao and drove him away. Zhang Tan came back from the capital, and Jin Huaidi wrote to comfort him. According to Sima Mo, he ordered the killing of Cao Cao. Zhang Gui exultation, pardoned the state capital crime below the rebel. Zhang Kai was ordered to lead Yuan Yin and Song Pei to crusade against cao kui with more than 30,000 infantry cavalry, and another 800 cavalry were sent to engage in Tian Jiong and Simomo to take stone donkeys from the southwest of ancient Tibet and occupy Changning. Cao kui sent Qu Chao to defend Zhang E's army in Huangban. After passing Hao, I walked through a secret passage and fought with Cao Qu in breaking Qiang. Zhang Gui killed cao kui and his goalkeeper Tian Tao.

Zhang Qian sent Zhang Lang, the commander in chief, to send 5,000 volunteers, county sergeant Lian Xiao, tax accounts and local products back to Beijing. Ordered the competent officials to ask in detail the noble people who abandoned their wealth and lived in seclusion since Liangzhou was founded, in order to maintain honesty; Gao Caishuo learned to write classics and history; People who are not afraid of death and die for the country and the king; The honest man is guilty; Negotiation should be done randomly to avoid hurting patients; Wu used wit to eliminate disasters for the times; Adultery flatters the wrong master and frames the loyal monarch; And so on are reported in writing to the state capital. Mom and dad in Liangzhou celebrate. Guang Luqing, Zuo Fu and Tai Chang wrote a letter to Zhang Gui, telling him that there was a famine in the capital. Zhang Gui immediately sent Du Xun to join the army and presented 500 war horses and 30,000 blankets to the court. Emperor Huai of Jin sent messengers to worship Zhang Gui as the general of Zhenxi and commander-in-chief of Longyou, and sealed the city. Zhang Gui was also promoted to the rank of General Cycling, General Kaifu and Third Division Yitong. Before the order arrived, Wang Mi arrived in Luoyang. Zhang Gui sent generals Zhang Fei, Bei Gongchun and Guo Fu to lead 5,000 elite cavalry to guard the capital. The capital fell, and Zhang Fei and others were killed by thieves. People in Zhongzhou fled to Liangzhou to take refuge, and a section of Wuwei was divided by Zhang Railway, and Wuxing County was set up to take refuge. Ma Ying, a teacher's official letter, advised Zhang Gui, "The Emperor of Heaven didn't get it anyway. If Gong Ming leads Liangzhou soldiers to Pingyang, they will be invincible and there will be no war. I don't know what Gong Ming was worried about and didn't take this action? " Zhang will be skeptical: "This is exactly what I think." Hearing that the king of Qin had entered Guanzhong, he quickly spread the news to Guanzhong, saying, "My Lord is in distress and lives in a thief camp, and the whole country is falling apart and frustrated. The king of Qin was brilliant, wise and kind. Among the grandsons of Sai-jo, King Qin is now an elder. Those who lived in the Great Jin Dynasty, the people who ate food, were loyal to divination, and the light and sinister were in sync. You should choose an auspicious day to commemorate Qin Wang's accession to the throne and inherit his throne. Today, we sent forward guards to defend the Song Dynasty and 20,000 infantry and cavalry to Chang 'an, guarding the son of heaven and repelling the left and right enemies. Zhang Qian, commander-in-chief of Xiliang Army, led 30,000 Zhongjun, and Zhang Qian, the satrap of Wuwei, led 20,000 Hu cavalry, and they will meet in Linjin in the middle of Mid-Autumn Festival. "

Soon the king of Qin became the Crown Prince and sent messengers to Liangzhou to worship Zhang Gui as a general in title of generals in ancient times and the third division of Yitong. Zhang Gui resolutely declined. Pei Bao, the secretariat of Qin Zhou, and the captain of Dongjiang broke off contact with the imperial court because of the danger of occupation. Zhang Gui ordered Song Pei to lead a crusade. Wang Shu, a Xiping native, and Cao Yu left the party to bend Ru, threatening Qian Fulu to become a monarch, and arresting Zhao Yi, the prefect, in response to Pei Gong and others in the east. Zhang Kai li crusade, slay Qu Ru and others. Zuodu Huyin was ready to fight Peibao in the west, and Peibao was defeated, and Peibao fled to Sang Xiongwu. This year, Bei Gong surrendered to Liu Cong. The Crown Prince sent messengers to reiterate Zhang Gui's previous authorization, but Zhang Gui resolutely refused. Sajima Tao Dou advised Zhang Gui: "Zhou Gongdan left Qufu without saying goodbye, and Jiang Ziya was ordered by Yingqiu. This is the so-called civilized law, which rewards people who have made great contributions. The world collapsed and God went into exile. Although Liangzhou is a remote state, Gong Ming did not forget to help the court, so the court treated each other sincerely and sent awards and appointments to Liangzhou many times. Gong Ming should obey the will of the court to satisfy everyone's heart. " Zhang rail is still determined not to follow.

At the beginning, Zhang Kai pacified Qu Ru and moved more than 600 of his first sins to other places. Hu Ling Liu said, "Eliminating evil is like weeding by a farmer, so that the grass can no longer grow. Today, the homes of the rebels should be completely demolished to avoid future troubles. " Zhang Wei did not adopt it. As expected, the remaining Kulu Party rebelled, and Zhang Kai's invasion quelled the chaos.

It is common for Zhang Gui to be promoted to the throne by Emperor Chen of Jin Dynasty, but Zhang Guijian refused to accept his words. Suo Fu, who joined the Taifu Army, advised Zhang Gui: "In the past, using Jinbeipi coins as the buying and selling currency eliminated the loss of measuring and exchanging grain fabrics. The Han dynasty made five baht, and the trade continued. During the Taishi period (265 ~ 274), Hexi area was in ruins, and coins were no longer used. Cloth was cut into sections to count money. Silk fabrics are destroyed, which makes it difficult to trade. It will only destroy the labor of female workers in vain and make clothes impossible. This is a serious shortcoming. Although there is endless war in Zhongzhou, Liangzhou is stable and should resume the use of five baht to smooth trade. " Zhang Gui adopted this suggestion, established a system, conducted currency transactions based on cloth, and coins were also very popular, which brought convenience to Liangzhou people. At this time, Liu Yaokou invaded the north, and Zhang Gui sent three thousand people to join the army to defend Chang 'an, Kyoto. Emperor sent Da Hongxin to worship Zhang Gui as Shi Zhong, Qiu, Liangzhou Pastoral and Xiping Gong, but Zhang Gui resolutely declined.

After thirteen years as an official in Liangzhou, Zhang Gui was ill. Before he died, he left his last words: "I have been very bad to others all my life." Today, I am dying, and my life will probably come to an end. After my death, civil and military generals and assistants should make every effort to appease the people, report to the state and settle down. I was buried in a simple coffin after my death, and there was nothing hidden in the tomb. Help my son An Xun and obey the will of the court. " The court asked his son Zhang E to be the heir. Sixty years old The imperial court posthumous title is Wu Gong.