What did the Xia and Shang Dynasties use to decide military action?

At the turn of Xia and Shang Dynasties, theistic idealism world outlook still dominated, and superstition still had a great influence on the war. Before every war, superstitious divination still determines military action. According to the statistics of Excavation of Yin Ruins published by 1955, there are as many as150,000 tortoise shells and animal bones with inscriptions unearthed in Xiaotun, Anyang, Henan Province, and a considerable part of them are related to the war. Judging from the unearthed Oracle Bone Inscriptions, we should not only ask if divination can act before going out, but also choose the date of going out through divination. Under the guidance of such military thinking, it is difficult to give full play to the subjective initiative of commanders in the war. The victory or defeat of the war does not depend on the wisdom and strategy of the commander, but on the number, physical strength and courage of both sides. Therefore, there was no need for commanders with specialized military knowledge at that time, and the requirements for commanders were mainly courage. For example, in On Generals, Tamia Liu listed Yong as the first of the five talents (courage, wisdom, benevolence, faithfulness and loyalty). In fact, Lu Shang himself is an extremely brave general. In the battle of Makino, he personally led the chariot and took the lead in the assault.