What are the contents of books read by ancient people? Most ancient people only studied liberal arts.

Classics are divided into Yi, Shu, Poetry, Rite, Spring and Autumn, Filial Piety, Confucian Classics, Four Books, Music, Primary School, Stone Classics and Compilation, mainly Confucian Classics and Confucian Classics Hermeneutics. Important bibliographies include Zhouyi, Shangshu, Zhou Li, Book of Rites, Yili, Book of Songs, Chunqiu Zuozhuan, Chunqiu Gongyang Zhuan, Chunqiu Guliang Zhuan, Analects of Confucius, Xiaojing, Erya and Mencius. And "Disciples Rules".

The history department is divided into official history, chronology, chronicle, other history, miscellaneous history, imperial edict, biography, historical records, chronicle, season, geography, official position and so on.

It is subdivided into Confucianism, militarists, legalists, farmers, doctors, astronomical algorithms, mathematical technology, art, music records, sage, books, series and compilation. Important bibliographies include Laozi, Mozi, Zhuangzi, Xunzi, Han Feizi, Guan Zi, Yin Wenzi, Shen Zi, Gong Sunzilong, Huai Nanzi, Bao Puzi, Liezi, Sun Zi and Gong Sunzilong.

The anthology is divided into Chuci, Bieji, Zongji, Cifu Qu and Boudoir. Important bibliographies include Songs of the South, Poems of the Tang Dynasty, Poems of Quan Song, Poems of Yuefu, Selected Works, Li Taibai's Collection and Du Gongbu's Collection. Twenty-two sons is a collection of twenty-two ancient books in the pre-Qin, Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties. The book titles are Laozi, Zhuangzi, Guanzi, Liezi, Mozi, Xunzi, Corpse, Sunzi, Tales of Confucius, Spring and Autumn Annals of Yanzi, Jia Yi's New Book, and Spring and Autumn Stories.

China culture has a long history, and the classics produced in past dynasties are hard to count. According to incomplete statistics, there are still more than 80 thousand species that have survived to this day. The classification and arrangement of ancient books also began very early. The first large-scale collation of ancient books began in the Western Han Dynasty in 26 BC, presided over by Liu Xiang and Liu Xin, including retrieval, collation, classification and cataloging, and finally compiled the earliest catalogue of the National Library of China-Qilue.

Seven Laws divides the ancient books collected at that time into six categories: six arts, philosophers, art of war, mathematics, folk arts and poetry, and adds an introduction to compilation, with the overall title of Seven Laws. The book has been lost for a long time, but its basic content has been preserved in the records of Bangu's Han Shu Yi Wen Zhi. Therefore, the records of Hanshu Yiwenzhi became the earliest classified catalogue of ancient books.

Sinology is the traditional culture and knowledge of China, including medicine, drama, calligraphy and painting, astrology, mathematics and so on. Chinese studies should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, customs, textual research, ethics, edition and so on. , with Confucian philosophy as the mainstream; In terms of ideological system, it should be divided into three schools: pre-Qin philosophers, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. As far as Sikuquanshu is concerned, Chinese studies should be divided into four parts, namely classics, history, scholars and literature.

Broadly speaking, China's ancient and modern culture and scholarship, including China's ancient history, thought, philosophy, geography, politics, economy, calligraphy and painting, music, Yi-ology, astrology, medicine, architecture and so on, all involve Chinese studies.

According to the disciplines, Chinese studies should be divided into mathematics, astronomy, mathematics, geography, natural history, agriculture, chemistry, philosophy, history, religion, literature, customs, textual research, ethics and edition, among which Taoism is the core and mainstream of natural Chinese studies; Confucianism is the mainstream and core of humanistic Chinese studies; Ideologically, it should be divided into three major national religions, namely, pre-Qin hundred schools of thought, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Taoism and Confucianism run through and dominate the history of China's thoughts, while Mohism and Legalism play an auxiliary role, while others are in a subordinate position.

After the Qing Dynasty, Chinese studies mainly focused on humanities, such as Sikuquanshu, which was divided into four parts: classics, history, zi and Ji, but the classics and zi were the main ones, especially the classics. After the Republic of China, it continued to the Qing Dynasty, and was divided into primary schools, classics, history, philosophers and literature according to the lecture notes on Chinese studies by Zhang Taiyan, a master of Chinese studies. Zhang Taiyan said in Introduction to Chinese Studies: The noumenon of Chinese Studies is classic non-myth, classic non-religion and historical non-fiction; The method of governing the country is to distinguish the authenticity of secretaries, to know primary schools, to know geography, to know the changes of human feelings in ancient and modern times, and to use literary talents. Sikuquanshu is the largest series in ancient China. It was compiled in Qianlong period and was completed by first-class scholars Ji Xiaolan, Wang Niansun and Dai Zhen at that time. "Four Treasures of the Study" refers to classics, history, books and collections, and "Daquan" refers to all the collected books.

"Sinology" refers to the abbreviation of academic essence that combines the essence of China's traditional scientific culture with the essence of contemporary scientific culture. It is one of the knowledge that the new generation should know. Classics, History, Zi and Ji are the names of book classification in China, which are collectively called "four departments" and can be divided into A, B, C and D. "Classics" refers to Confucian classics. The Ministry of Economic Affairs has sub-categories.

In the Qing Dynasty, Sikuquanshu was divided into ten categories: Yi, Shu, Poetry, Ritual, Spring and Autumn, Filial Piety, Five Classics, Four Books, Music and Primary School.

"History Department" is history, including all kinds of historical works.

The history department of Sikuquanshu is divided into 15 categories: official history, chronology, chronological background, other history, miscellaneous history, imperial edict, biography, historical records, records, seasons, geography, official positions, political books, catalogues and historical reviews.

"Subdivision" includes books on politics, philosophy, science and technology, and art. Sikuquanshu is divided into Confucianism, military strategists, legalists, farmers, doctors, astronomical algorithms, technology, art, music records, miscellaneous books, novelists, Buddhists and Taoists.

"Collection Department" collects essays, parallel prose, poems, essays, literary criticism, opera works, etc.

Sikuquanshu can be divided into five categories: Chuci, Bieji, Zongji, Poetry Review, Ci and Qu.

Confucian Thirteen Classics and related works are collected by the Ministry of Classics, including the Book of Changes, Books, Poems, Rites, Spring and Autumn Period, Filial Piety, Five Classics, Four Books, Music, Primary School, etc. 10, among which Rites are divided into six categories: Zhou Rites, Rites, Rites, Three Rites, General Rites and Miscellaneous Rites.

Thirteen Classics: refers to thirteen Confucian classics formed in the Southern Song Dynasty. They are The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Zhou Li, Yi Li, Li Ji, Zhouyi, Zuo Zhuan, Gongyang Zhuan, Gu Liangzhuan, The Analects of Confucius, Erya, Xiao Jing and Mencius.

Notes on Thirteen Classics: Annotation is also called sparse annotation. Note: Annotation of words and phrases in the Confucian Classics is also called biography, writing, interpretation, chapter, sentence, etc. Sparse, the annotation of notes, is also called righteousness sparse, righteousness sparse and so on. Annotation is related to the truth, meaning, pronunciation and correctness of words, grammar and rhetoric, as well as names and things, canon, historical facts and so on.

History of Confucian classics and primary school history: The history of Confucian classics is the history of Confucian classics, and primary schools are divided into exegesis, word books and rhyme books. In the Western Han Dynasty, philology was called "primary school", and in the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was also called "primary school". Reading must first be literate, master the form, sound and meaning of words and learn to use them. There are 15 categories of historical books collected by the History Department, including official history, chronology, miscellaneous history, other history, imperial edicts, biographies, historical notes, records, seasons, geography, official positions, political books, catalogues and historical reviews, among which imperial edicts are divided into imperial edicts and imperial edicts. Geographical points 10 genus, namely, Gongshu, Tongzhi, Dujun, rivers, frontier defense, mountains and rivers, historical sites, miscellaneous notes, travel notes and external notes; Officials are divided into two genera, namely, official system and official admonition; Political books are divided into six genera, namely, general system, etiquette system, national planning, military and political affairs, regulations and examinations; The catalogue is divided into two categories: classic and epigraphy. Official history: Historical Records, Hanshu and other biographical history books with the biography of the emperor as the key link.

During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the twenty-fourth history was declared as the official history. 192 1 year, the Beiyang warlord government added a new yuan history, collectively known as the 25 th history. Soon, the draft of the Qing dynasty was compiled into it, collectively known as the twenty-six histories.

Chronology: sorting out historical materials, works, etc. In chronological order.

A genre of history books. Take historical events as the key link, list the important historical facts separately, and write each article in chronological order. Yuan Shu's Zi Zhi Tong Jian was founded in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Miscellaneous history, etc. : one of the four categories of miscellaneous history books. Refers to historical books that do not belong to official history or miscellaneous history.

Miscellaneous history is a kind of historical book different from biographies, chronicles and chronicles of the old times. Or remember a moment's experience, or remember the whole story, or just a private story, but all have the nature of historical anecdotes.

Historical review: a work that comments on historical events or history books. For example, Wang Fuzhi's Zi Zhi Tong Jian and Song Lun are monographs on historical events; Liu Zhiji's Shi Tong and Zhang Xuecheng's Shi Wen Yi Tong contain many historical book comments.

Imperial edict memorial: imperial edict, style name. Orders and proclamations issued by ancient emperors, queens or queens. Including books, rules, decrees, imperial edicts, letters, decrees, imperial edicts, books, teaching and so on. Commemoration, style name. Ancient courtiers played various roles of the emperor, including expressing, playing, sparse, discussing, writing, sealing and so on.

Biography: also known as biography. Words that record the deeds of characters. Generally narrated by others, but with a self-described life, it is called "autobiography".

Biography can be roughly divided into two categories: one is historical biography or general biography writing, which mainly describes detailed historical events; The other is literature, which is based on historical facts, but does not exclude some imaginative descriptions.

Historical note: a book that extracts a piece of history or copies multiple pieces of history together. The history of the Song Dynasty, the history of art and literature, began to have the branch of "historical records". Specializing in copying a history, such as Chao,; There are also copies of history, such as official history, new and old Tang books, and paper money. This kind of history book is very convenient for readers.

Record: Old history is a biography of famous people, not orthodox, which is different from this history and biographies.

Seasonality: the name of the book classification catalogue. Before the Song Dynasty, all the books about seasons were classified into fields, but the books were not limited to farming, from the national code system to folk customs, so the Catalogue of Zhongxing Pavilion listed seasons as another category. The revision of Sikuquanshu in Qing Dynasty followed the old example of Song people, and still made an immediate order.

Geography: Topographic county annals, which record people such as territory, mountains and rivers, customs and products. Official system: official system of past dynasties. Such as Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty and Zhou Guan.

Political books: Political books are books that record laws and regulations. The name of the political book originated from the secret book of Qian Pu in Ming Dynasty. Political books can be divided into two categories: one is a "general history political book" that describes the laws and regulations of past dynasties; The other is a "dynasty politics book" describing the laws and regulations of a single dynasty. Later history books mostly used "ambition" to describe the laws and regulations of various dynasties.

Catalogue: A book on catalogue taxonomy. The Ministry has a collection of hundreds of works and books, in the category of 14, including Confucianism, military strategists, legalists, farmers, doctors, astronomical algorithms, astrology, art, music records, miscellaneous books, novelists, Buddhists and Taoists. Among them, astronomical algorithms belong to two genera, and astrology belongs to two categories. Art is divided into four categories: calligraphy and painting, piano score, seal cutting and acrobatics. Music scores are divided into three genera: utensils, recipes, plants, animals, insects and fish. Miscellaneous categories are divided into six genera: miscellaneous studies, miscellaneous tests, miscellaneous stories, miscellaneous articles, miscellaneous compilation and miscellaneous compilation. Novelists are divided into three genera: chores, anecdotes and trivial stories.

Confucianism: an important school that worships Confucius' theory. Advocate "rites and music" and "benevolence and righteousness", advocate "loyalty and forgiveness" and "moderation". Advocate "rule by virtue" and "benevolent government" and attach importance to the relationship between ethics and morality.

Taoism: a school of thought in the pre-Qin period. Taking Laozi and Zhuangzi as the representative figures, they advocate conforming to nature and governing by doing nothing. Later, it also refers to people who admire the Yellow Emperor and Zhuangzi.

Buddhism: Buddhism is Buddhism. Legalist school: one of the nine schools of thought in the Warring States period. Representative figures are Li Kui, Shang Yang, Han Fei and others.

Military strategist: The general term for military strategist or soldier in ancient times. It also refers to a school that studies military affairs.

Farmhouse: an academic school that reflects agricultural production and farmers' thoughts during the Warring States period. Advocate planting mulberry to have ample food and clothing.

Miscellaneous schools: those that cannot be classified into one category are merged into miscellaneous schools, and the meaning of miscellaneous schools is very broad and all-encompassing ... those who make statements are called miscellaneous schools, those who differentiate syndromes are called miscellaneous tests, those who discuss and describe them are called miscellaneous theories, and those who study physics are called miscellaneous products.

Shu Shu: Shu Shu refers to inferring people's luck and destiny by observing noteworthy phenomena in nature in various ways. Also known as "numerology".

Doctor: That's medicine. Art: generally refers to various technical skills such as six arts and math skills.

Calligraphy and painting: calligraphy and painting catalogue: a list of books that record utensils, recipes, plants, animals, insects, fish, etc. : It is a collection of classics, history and books, with a wide range of contents and almost everything.

Comprehensive large-scale books are ancient encyclopedias. This kind of book originated in the Three Kingdoms period, including Huang Lan edited by Wei Wendi and Cao Pi.

Enlightenment learning: elementary school students' enlightenment reading materials. Poetry collection includes poetry collections and special collections, including Chu Ci, Bieci, anthology, poetry criticism, lyrics and songs. Among them, the lyrics and songs also belong to five genera, namely, word segmentation set, word selection, thorn, word spectrum and rhyme, and North and South songs.

In addition to Zhang Hui's novels and dramas, the above categories basically include all kinds of books popular in society. As far as the author is concerned, it includes the works of women, monks, Taoist priests, eunuchs, soldiers, emperors and foreigners. Note: The above classification is based on Siku Quanshu in Qing Dynasty.

Collection: refers to a collection of poems and essays composed of many people's works.

Another set: relative to the total set. That is, a collection of personal poems.

Chuci: It is a kind of prose.

Ci: Developed from five-character poems, seven-character poems or folk songs, it originated in the Tang Dynasty and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Originally, it was a poetic style sung by music, and the length of the sentence changed with the tune of the song, so it was also called long and short sentences. Poetry and slow words are generally divided into two parts. Poetry criticism: including books on literary theory and criticism.

Qu: A poetic style prevailing in Yuan Dynasty.

Fiction: Fiction is a major style in the four-part division of literary genre. It is a literary genre that reflects life and expresses ideas by shaping characters, telling stories and describing the environment.