The official position and size order of each dynasty

Every dynasty is different, military attache and civil servant overlap. The following is the official position and size order of each dynasty I compiled for you, hoping to help you.

The official position and size order of each dynasty

Sui dynasty:

The Sui Dynasty established an important political system? The system of three provinces and six departments has created a far-reaching imperial examination system. The first important thing Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty did after he ascended the throne was to abolish the official system established by the six departments affiliated to the Northern Zhou Dynasty and replace it with a new official system. There are three departments, three fairs, Shangshu, Menxia, Civil History, Civil History and other provinces, and Yushitai, Taichang, Guanglu, Wei, Zong Zheng, Taifu, Dali, Lihong, Sinong, Taifu, Guo Zi and Jiangzuo. ? In order to strengthen centralization and restore the tradition of official system in Han Dynasty. The system of three provinces-Shangshu, Menxia and Neishi-was the core of the central official system in Sui Dynasty. Although the three divisions and three publics are in the first place, they are actually only honorary positions. The status of Shangshu Province in Sui Dynasty is very high, "Sui Shu? "Said baiguan system? Shangshu province, everything is always? , reflecting its status and power as the highest state administrative organ.

Sui dynasty was divided into three levels: state, county and county. Three years after the Emperor's reign, the administrative setup of the county was abolished and the county was directly controlled by the state. At the end of each year, the governor of Sui Dynasty went to Beijing to report on his work, which was called gathering envoys. The imperial court sent officials or other envoys from Taiwan Province to inspect the provinces.

Tang dynasty:

Central:

Division III: Taishi, Taifu and Taibao (honorary post);

Sangong: Tai Wei, Situ and Sikong (honorary positions);

Three provinces: Zhongshu province (decision-making, secretary), Menxia province (attendants, suggestions) and Shangshu province (administration);

There are six departments in Shangshu Province: official department (personnel), household department (household registration, finance), etiquette department (etiquette department), military department (national defense), criminal department (court) and Ministry of Industry (engineering, water conservancy);

One: Yushitai (monitoring);

Five divisions: imperial academy, Shaofu Supervisor, General Supervisor, Military Supervisor, and Water Supervisor (following the old system, with six divisions of labor);

Nine temples: Taichang Temple, Guanglu Temple, Weiwei Temple, Zongzheng Temple, Taibu Temple, Dali Temple, Split Temple, Sinong Temple, Taifu Temple (with the cooperation of six divisions);

Dismissed official: (honorary post).

Local official system:

Virtual (Taoist) observation ambassador

State (county): secretariat (satrap); Don't drive, Changshi, Sima; Recorder, military;

Liu Cao: Si Gong, Si Cang, Hu Si, Si Bing, Si and Shi Si.

County: county order; County magistrate, master book; County commandant, clerk, assistant history.

Township: the elderly; Wuliyi town

Li:; Five guarantees and one mile

Village: Zhengcun; A natural village is a village.

Bag:; Five neighbors and one insurance

Adjacent: adjacent length; Four families and a neighbor.

Fang: Sir. There is no square in the village in the city, which is the same level as the village.

Official titles of military commanders in Tang dynasty;

1 Cong Yipin Qiada

2 positive two products help the country.

3 Conger Pinzhen Junda

Champion, Huaihua and Qianniuwei are the top three products.

5 Zheng Sanpin went to Huaihua

Judging from the three products, it is said that it is good to go back to Germany.

7 Returning to Virtue from Three Products

8 Zheng Si Shang Pin Zhong Wu

9 Zheng Siping Xia Zhuangwu and commander of Huaihua Corps

10 Shangpin Xuanwei Cong Temple

1 1 From Siping, commander of Wei Ming and Guide Corps.

12 Zheng agreed to go far

13 are five products owned by Ningyuan and Huaihua Langjiang.

You set out from Wu Pin.

15 guerrillas and Lang Jiang returned to Germany from five products.

16 Captain Zhaowu of Zheng Liu Shangpin

17 Zheng Liupin Xia Zhaowu, deputy teacher and Huaihua teacher.

18 Wei Zhen, captain, from Liupin.

19 from the six products, deputy commander Wei Zhen returned to the German rank.

20 Captain Zheng Qipin Shang Zhiguo

2 1 is under the seven categories, leading the deputy commander-in-chief of fruit, and Huaihua is loyal.

22 Yi Hui, captain, from Qipin.

23 From Qipin, Yi Hui, the deputy commander, returned to Germany and waited.

24-year-old captain Zheng Bapin Shang Xuanjie

25 Zheng Bapin Xia Xuanjie Deputy Commandant and Huaihua Fourth Brother

Twenty-six resistance captains from Bapin.

27 defeated Deputy Commander Bapin and returned to Desco.

28 Captain Zheng Jiupin Shang

Xia He, Ji Huaihua and Ji Commander, Deputy Commanders of Zhengjiupin, 29th Army.

Thirty Accompanying a Captain Rong Congjiu Pin

3 1 accompany deputy commander Rong back to Germany to hold the halberd.

Song dynasty:

The political system of the Song Dynasty generally followed the political system of the Tang Dynasty. But the prime minister is no longer served by the three official systems, but by someone on the other hand, that is, the prime minister with the same book. There are also assistant ministers who participate in and discuss state affairs, that is, what about the ruling and prime ministers? Zaizhi? . In the Song Dynasty, the relative power was greatly reduced, and it was only responsible for administrative functions. Zhongshumen and Privy Council are collectively called the Second House, which is in charge of civil affairs and military affairs. There are also three divisions, namely, Salt and Iron Division, Household Division and Expenditure Division, which are in charge of financial power, the so-called provincial plan. In this way, the three powers, namely, the three secretaries, the generals and the Tang Dynasty, balanced each other, thus weakening the relative power and strengthening the imperial power. In Song Dynasty, an admonition court and an admonition officer were set up outside Yushitai, which were the supervisory bodies responsible for impeachment and other affairs.

In order to strengthen centralization and prevent the general from seizing power. In March of the second year of Stegosaurus, Song Taizu cut off the important imperial post of Dujian. In July of the same year, Song Taizu released the military power of the military attache through a glass of wine, and the leadership of the imperial army was changed to the former government and the bodyguard officer, which were under the command of the former government, the stepping army and Ma Jun (three handsome) respectively. However, the three commanders have no right to send troops. In the Song Dynasty, the Privy Council was established in the central government to take charge of the military. The Privy Council is directly responsible to the emperor, and other officials are not allowed to ask. Although the Privy Council can send troops, it can't directly unify the army, which leads to the separation of the right to unify and adjust the army. At the same time, in the Song Dynasty, generals were often replaced to prevent personal forces from appearing in the army. What was the deployment of troops in the Song Dynasty? Strong or weak? Keep the inside out? . There were four kinds of armies in the Song Dynasty, namely, the imperial army, the Xiang army, the township army and the Francisco army. The imperial army is the central army and the main force of Song Jun. Xiang army is a town soldier in each state and is controlled by the local governor. Rural soldiers are able-bodied men transferred by the authorities. Fan Bing is a frontier army of non-Han nationality.

Yuan dynasty:

Central:

Zhongshu province: it is the highest administrative organ and exercises the functions and powers of prime minister.

Privy Council: the highest central military administrative organ.

Yushitai: the highest supervisory organ.

Yuan: In charge of religious affairs and Tibet.

Location:

Except Hebei, Shandong and Shanxi, which were directly managed by Zhongshu Province, the Yuan Dynasty set up Zhongshu Province (referred to as province or province) in some areas. The provincial government is an institution that the central government appoints officials to serve in various places and exercise the functions and powers of the provincial government.

Bank reservation province:

The highest local administrative organization in the Yuan Dynasty was the name of the first-level administrative region. Short for province, or short for province. The national affairs of Zhongshu Province, also known as Capital Province; Due to the vast territory of the Yuan Dynasty, in addition to the mainland provinces and Tibet under the jurisdiction of Zheng Xuan Academy, ten provinces were set up in major cities to take charge of each region. During the three short-term establishment of Shangshu Province in charge of government affairs by Sai-jo and Wu Zongchao, Zhongshu Province was renamed Hangshangshu Province accordingly. Yuan ren called:? The provinces hold the opportunity of the world, and the ten provinces rule the world. ?

Provincial construction:

In the first year of Yuan Shizu's reunification (1260), following the Chinese law, the province of Zhongshu was established to take charge of the national government affairs, and only the Prime Minister, Pingzhang government affairs, Zuo Cheng, You Cheng and Shen Zhi government affairs were appointed. Since then, provinces with bank books have been established in major regions. In the early days, the system of the previous generation was used to take officials from the Chinese book province out of the provinces, saying that it was convenient to run a Chinese book somewhere. In the future, such provinces have actually become permanent local administrative agencies, which are different from the temporary agencies established in the previous generation. If provincial officials still hold the title of prime minister of Zhongshu Province, it is no different from the functions and powers of Zhongshu Province, and it is too heavy for foreign countries, so it is more official, and only calls officials of a certain province, and no longer takes the title of prime minister of Zhongshu Province. In the 23rd year of Yuan Dynasty (1286), officials of provinces, Taiwan, academies and ministries were appointed, and the prime ministers of provinces were dismissed, and only Pingzhang politics was appointed as the highest official, so as to distinguish it from the provincial capitals. Later, in some complicated provinces, prime ministers were appointed. In the seventh year of Yanyou (1320), the prime ministers of the provinces were dismissed, and the resettled people were reduced to Pingzhang politics. After Taiding (1324 ~ 1328), some provinces set up prime ministers, depending on the need and the position of the incumbent. Generally, each province has two political officials in Pingzhang (from the first class), one in Youcheng and Zuocheng (from the second class), and two political officials in Shen Zhi (from the second class), with the same level as provincial officials; The left division and the right division are combined into one, and doctors, foreign ministers and everything are lower than the provincial capital. Some provinces were added at the end of Yuan Dynasty? Supplement? Ping Zhang, You Cheng, Zuo Cheng and other officials. Important military affairs, such as money, grain, armour, plants and water transportation, pipelines, governments, prefectures and counties within the provincial jurisdiction; In places far away from the provincial administration, there is also a publicity department as the provincial agency.

Ming dynasty:

In the thirteenth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang rebelled against Prime Minister Hu, so he abolished the Prime Minister. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the prime minister system, which had been implemented for more than 1600 years, was abolished, and the prime minister power and the monarch power were combined into one, and the emperor monopolized the power in the early Ming Dynasty. However, due to various state affairs, the emperor could not handle it. In September, the fifteenth year of Hongwu, four assistant ministers were removed and a pavilion was set up in imitation of the Song Palace. The cabinet is only the emperor's adviser, and it is the emperor's task to approve the memorial. Most of the positions of cabinet university students are held by masters, scholars and ministers of the DPRK, who only write according to the will of the Emperor. When the pen sends a message? . Power and status are not as good as those of the former prime minister. During the Xuanzong period, because three young people, such as Yang Pu,, and so on, entered the cabinet, Xuanzong approved them to enter the cabinet and present the memorial, which was called? Draft tickets? System, and awarded the eunuch institution Li Si prison? Approve Zhu? . Drafting tickets can remedy the monarch's unwillingness to meet cabinet ministers. In order to strengthen the monitoring of the national subjects, Ming Taizu has also set up a specialized agency-the Royal Guard; Ming Chengzu set up the East Factory and Ming Xianzong set up the West Factory, which are collectively called Royal Guards? Factory guards? Headed by eunuchs.

Only Hongwu Yongle really completely controlled the Ming emperor. Nevertheless, the Ming Dynasty was able to have a country of 276 years. The emphasis is on the expansion of imperial power and the excellent buffer mechanism of the cabinet. The Ming Dynasty after orthodoxy showed the characteristics of the decline of absolute monarchy and the revival of the cabinet.

Six parts:

In the Ming Dynasty, the central government had six departments: officials, households, proprieties, workers, punishments and soldiers. Compared with the previous generation, the Ming Dynasty initially added an assistant minister to each department. After the Hu case, Zhu Yuanzhang abolished the post of prime minister and the province of Zhongshu. The status of the six departments has improved. There is only one minister and two assistant ministers in each department, and the original ministers of various subjects have been reduced to practitioners. The ranks of ministers and assistant ministers have also risen. Among them, the official department (in charge of the promotion of civil servants) is the most important, and the household department has the most personnel. The Ministry of Rites (in charge of sacrificial ceremonies) and the Ministry of Industry (in charge of public construction) have low status.

Supervisory body:

When Taizu was a king of Wu, he set up an empire desk, with an empire doctor on each side. In the thirteenth year of Hongwu, it stopped at Yushitai. Fifteen years, set up Douchayuan, set up eight suggestions and supervise the capital. Zhejiang, Henan, Shandong, Beiping, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Huguang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, a total of twelve censors, each with three to five people, are called twelve censors. The suggestion is stationed in the capital. If something happens, he will go out with the seal, and then he will return to Beijing to pay the seal. In the first year of Yongle, Beiping Road was changed to Beijing Road. In eighteen years, Beijing Road was stopped, and Guizhou, Yunnan and Jiaodian were added. In the first year of Hongxi, he said that he was in Douchayuan. Ten years after Xuande, it was designated as Route 13. In orthodoxy, go? Ok, is it? Words.

Six subjects:

Six departments, responsible for attendants, discipline, filling vacancies, picking up the remains, and checking the affairs of the six departments. In the sixth year of Hongwu, there were twelve people in the class, ranking seventh, divided into six families, each with two people. In the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu, he served as a clerk, and each subject was given one person, which was eight grades. Although the rank of six subjects is low, their authority is high. They can disagree with the emperor's will. This system has played a certain role in improving North Korea's political affairs.

Five temples:

These five temples include Dali Temple, Taichang Temple, Guanglu Temple, Taibu Temple and Split Temple. Dali Temple, Ministry of Punishment and Duchayuan were merged into the Three Laws Division, with powers similar to those of today's Supreme Court. The head of Dali Temple is called Dali Temple Qing, one of the nine Qing. The other four temple ministers have lower authority. Taichang Temple is responsible for sacrificial rites and music, belonging to the Ritual Department. Taibu Temple manages horses and belongs to the Ministry of War. Guanglu Temple is responsible for birthday banquets and tributes. , and does not belong to; Crack Temple is responsible for court meetings, guests (foreign officials make pilgrimages and all foreigners pay tribute), and ceremonies of good luck and bad luck.

Cabinet:

In the thirteenth year of Hongwu, the Prime Minister Hu was killed, the Chinese book was preserved, and the Prime Minister and other officials were abolished. After the abolition of the prime minister, Zhu Yuanzhang personally took charge of government affairs, and was once deeply tired, so he set up four auxiliary ministers to assist in government affairs. But this system is not effective. The fifteenth year of Hongwu was abolished in July. In November, in imitation of the Song Dynasty, there were Gaihuatang (changed to Zhongjitang in Sejong), Wuyingtang, Wenyuange, Dongge University, and Wenhua Hall University to tutor the Prince. During the reign of Emperor Renzong of Ming Dynasty, we added the Jinshen Hall (which was changed to the Jianji Hall during the reign of Emperor Renzong). In the early Ming dynasty, the cabinet had no real power. After that, the status of the cabinet gradually improved and its authority gradually increased. By the time of Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, the cabinet had finally jumped to six. After Jiajing, there were more than six classes in the DPRK. Since then, the Cabinet has become the highest decision-making body of the central government.

Factory health organization:

The main intelligence agencies in the Ming Dynasty were Royal Guards, East Factory and West Factory, and there was once an inner factory during the Wuzong period. Established in the 15th year of Hongwu, the Royal Guards are responsible for investigating domestic and foreign intelligence, reporting directly to the emperor, and have the right to arrest anyone and conduct secret interrogation. After the establishment of the East Factory, the strength of the Royal Guards was weakened. Dongchang was built in the 18th year of Yongle, which was established by Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty to suppress political opposition. Located in the north of Dong 'anmen, Shi Jing. The main duties of the East Factory are to monitor political forces such as government officials, celebrities and scholars, and have the right to report the monitoring results directly to the emperor. According to the information obtained by monitoring, Dongchang can directly arrest and interrogate those political opponents with lower status; As for whether the opposition is a senior government official or a royal aristocrat, Dongchang can also arrest and interrogate with the authorization of the Emperor. At the beginning of the establishment of the East Factory, eunuchs served as magistrates. Later, the eunuchs who officiated at the ceremony were generally two or three. The West Factory was established in Xianzong period, and its leader was Wang Zhi. 1482. Later, it was briefly restored by Wu Zong. The inner factory was established in Wuzong period, and the leader was eunuch Liu Jin. After Liu Jin's punishment, the inner factory and the west factory were abandoned at the same time, leaving only the east factory.

Other institutions:

Tai Shi Tai Bao San. After Emperor Renzong of the Ming Dynasty, the three fairs were all empty titles, and Wu Wen, the minister of the State of Qi, was given an official position. Taizi Taishi, Taizi Taifu, Taizi Taibao, only in the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, Ming was named Jingfu, and Yao was appointed Taizi Taishi, leaving him to assist the Prince. Naturally, it will be a hollow name in the end. They are called Assisting the Prince, but in fact the organization assisting the Prince is Master Zhan. There are two workshops under Zhan's office, a bureau and a hall. In addition, there are Thai hospitals, biological pharmacies affiliated to Thai hospitals and Huimin pharmacies. Twenty-four yamen (twelve prisons, four departments and eight bureaus, controlled by eunuchs). The pro-army went straight to the 26 th guard. Except for the Royal Guards, there are two town comforters in the north and south, and the other 25 guards each have a town comforter, which is not under the jurisdiction of the Governor's Office of the Fifth Army. Female officer, Hongwu five years, served as six bureaus and one division. After Yongle, the post was moved to eunuch, leaving only a few female officials.

Qing dynasty:

Eight Banners System:

It is a military-civilian unity system founded by Nurhachi on the basis of recording Jurchen cattle. Political power is concentrated in princes and nobles, and major decisions are decided by princes and nobles through consultation. It is a meeting between Manchuria and the king. In the fifth year of Tiancong (A.D. 163 1), Empress Huang Taiji set up six departments in imitation of the Ming Dynasty system, trying to gradually weaken the power of Manchu nobles. The emperor's efforts to centralize power were mainly concentrated in the early Qing Dynasty.

In the seventh year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1650), the emperor shunzhi reformed the Eight Banners system, and personally mastered the yellow flag, yellow flag and white flag, forming? Three flags? And then what? Five flags? It changed the situation that the Eight Banners were controlled by different governors in the past, and at the same time strengthened the strength of the upper three banners, and the power of the Manchu Council of Ministers was weakened.

Six parts:

There were six departments in Qing Dynasty (official, household, ceremony, soldier, criminal and worker). Ministers are called ministers, and deputy ministers are called assistant ministers. Previously, Shang Shu was held by Manchu. In the first year of Shunzhi (A.D. 1644), it was stipulated that there should be one Shangshu, one Assistant Minister Man and one Han. In addition to the six departments, the central administrative institutions set up side by side with the six departments are: Dali Temple, Taichang Temple, Guanglu Temple, Taibu Temple, Split Temple, imperial academy, Qin, Hanlin Academy, Tai Hospital, Lifan Academy, Zongren House, Zhanshi House, Interior House and Duchayuan. The grade of honest and upright officials? Ninth grade, eighteenth grade? There is a difference between classes. Those who are not within the eighteenth grade are called dirty, and they are attached to the ninth grade in level.

Southern studies:

In the 16th year of Kangxi (A.D. 1677), Emperor Kangxi set up the South Study Room, which was originally the place where Emperor Kangxi discussed knowledge, recited poems and painted pictures with poets in the Hanlin Academy. Because the house in the southwest corner of Gan Qing Palace is very special, it was named South Study Room. Because of the south study? Those who are not loyal to the class and are not allowed to enter? , so it is completely controlled by the emperor of a core secret institutions, at any time to undertake the imperial edict, which makes the south study? More and more power? . The improvement of the status of the south study room was an important step for Emperor Kangxi to weaken the power of the Council of Ministers and transfer some functions of the foreign cabinet to the imperial court to implement a high degree of centralization.

Military department:

In the seventh year of Yongzheng (AD 1729), the Qing army fought fiercely with the Mongolian army in Junggar in the northwest. In order to deal with Junbao in time, Yong Zhengdi set up a military computer room, which was renamed the Military Department in the tenth year of Yongzheng. Emperor Qianlong mourned after he acceded to the throne and arranged people? The king of affairs? Entered the military department, so it was renamed the office. In the second year of Qianlong (A.D. 1737), Qianlong took office as a pro-government, and Wang and others resigned and restored the name of the Ministry of War. From then on, the military department became the core authority directly responsible to the emperor, and Wang's position in Manchuria conference was weakened to almost negligible, and all political power was in the hands of the emperor, which became the peak of centralization in the Qing Dynasty. It was not until the third year of Xuantong (A.D. 19 1 1) that the Qing court announced it on the 10th day of April? A responsible cabinet? The military department was abolished.

Han army green camp:

In the early Qing Dynasty, the Qing army was mainly divided into the Eight Banners and green camp. The Eight Banners are divided into Manchu Eight Banners, Mongolian Eight Banners and Han Army Eight Banners. The flag is located in Dutong (Gushan Ejina), controlled by the central government of Bapu Xu Tong, and the local governor has no right to levy it. Green camp soldiers, mainly the teams reorganized by the Ming Dynasty and the provinces after the Qing army entered the customs, used green flags, so they were called green flag soldiers or green camp soldiers. The arms are cavalry, infantry and navy. In all provinces, governors, governors, prefects and company commanders are all responsible persons. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, the landlords of the Han nationality raised their own training groups and practiced rural bravery. Later, due to the rise of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the Eight Banners were supported by the government for a long time, doing nothing and not practicing martial arts. They gradually lost their fighting capacity and suffered repeated battles and defeats in suppressing the Taiping Army. As a result, the landlords' Yong ying armed forces in the north and south developed rapidly, and Zeng Guofan's Xiang army came into being. There are Huai Army organized by Li Hongzhang and Chu Army organized by the Left. After being trained and armed, these landlords have been reorganized into army training and defense. After the middle period of Guangxu, due to the fiasco of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, all the defense and training troops were changed to secondary patrol teams, and Yuan Shikai took the training of new troops as the main national defense force.