When was Oracle written?

Question 1: When did Oracle appear? Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the earliest and most complete ancient script discovered by China. Oracle Bone Inscriptions mainly refers to the Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Ruins, also known as "Yin Ruins Characters" and "Yin Qi", written on the bones of tortoise shells and beasts in Shang Dynasty. 65438+ was discovered in Yin Ruins in Xiaotun, Anyang, Henan at the end of 2009. It inherited Wen Tao's word-making method and was carved (or written) on tortoise shells and animal bones by the royal family in the late Shang Dynasty (14 ~1century) in China. After the demise of Shang Dynasty and the rise of Zhou Dynasty, Oracle Bone Inscriptions continued to be used for some time.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the product of Sichuan culture in Shang Dynasty (about17th century BC-1century BC), about 3600 years ago. Shang rulers are superstitious about ghosts and gods. Before they act, they often use tortoise shells and animal bones to predict good luck or bad luck. Later, they carved the items they possessed and Oracle Bone Inscriptions or related notes that should be checked afterwards on the Oracle bones. Their writing is called Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

Question 2: What is Oracle Bone Inscriptions? When did it appear? Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the earliest and most complete ancient script discovered by China. Oracle Bone Inscriptions mainly refers to the Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Ruins, also known as "Yin Ruins Characters" and "Yin Qi", written on the bones of tortoise shells and beasts in Shang Dynasty. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, it was discovered at the site of Yindu (now Xiaotun, Anyang, Henan). Oracle Bone Inscriptions inherited Wen Tao's word-making method, which was carved (or written) on tortoise shells and animal bones by the royal family in the late Shang Dynasty of China (14 ~1century) for divination. After the demise of Shang Dynasty and the rise of Zhou Dynasty, Oracle Bone Inscriptions continued to be used for some time.

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Oracle Bone Inscriptions is named after being carved on the bones of tortoise shells, which is a kind of book trace circulated in the Yin and Shang Dynasties. The content is an Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which records the 270-year migration from Pan Geng to Zhou Wang, and is the earliest book trace. Yin Shang has three characteristics,

Believe in history, drink alcohol and worship ghosts and gods; Because of this, these tortoise shells, which decided many things such as fishing, conquest and agriculture, can be rediscovered in later generations and become important materials for studying China characters.

In Shang dynasty, the pen and ink were excellent, and the calligraphy was thin and sharp because of engraving, which had the interest of a blade. Influenced by the rise and fall of writing style, it can be divided into five periods, which are introduced below.

First, the majestic period:

From Pan Geng to Wuding, about one hundred years ago, influenced by the flourishing age of Wuding, the calligraphy style was magnificent, which was the acme of oracle calligraphy. Generally speaking, the pen is round and sharp, full of variety, regardless of fat or thin, full of vitality.

Secondly, I sincerely hope that:

It took about forty years from Zu Geng to Zujia. Both of them are holy kings. Calligraphy in this period was sincere, generally inherited the style of the previous generation, stuck to the rules, and rarely made new creations, but it was not as vigorous and bold as the previous generation.

Third, the decadent period:

It has been fourteen years since Suan Xin came to Kangding. This period can be said to be the autumn of the decline of literary style in Yin Dynasty. Although there are still many neat books, the paragraphs are scattered and irregular, not so regular, a little childish and confused, and the number of typos is not uncommon.

Fourth, steep period:

It took about seventeen years to get from Wuyishan to Dingding. Wu Wending is determined to restore the boldness of the Wuding era, and his calligraphy style has become vigorous and powerful, showing a youthful atmosphere. There is a very strong style in the slender brush strokes.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) strict term:

It's about 89 years since I first came to Di Xin. Calligraphy style tends to be rigorous, slightly close to the second phase; Lengthened in length, cautious, not decadent, and lacking in heroic spirit.

Fine print on Oracle Bone Inscriptions is also influenced by knife carving. In divination, "yes" or "no" is often engraved on both sides of the central longitudinal line of tortoise shell, written from the central line to the left and right, so the two sides are symmetrical and harmonious, with symmetrical beauty. And after engraving, all the big and small characters are filled with pen and ink, or both sides are filled with Zhu Mo, which is more artistic and can be called a miracle in the history of books.

Question 3: Who discovered Oracle Bone Inscriptions and when? When was Oracle discovered? Oracle Bone Inscriptions was written in Shang Dynasty (BC 1400). These words are engraved on

Animal bones or tortoise shells, hence the name Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Words are carved with a knife, so they are also called &; quer t；

Wen Qi geek. The content of the text, except for a few notes, is mostly

It belongs to the records of the governors asking for divination at that time, so it is also called Oracle Bone Inscriptions or Oracle. this

Besides, the place where Oracle Bone Inscriptions was unearthed is Anyang County (the former capital of Yin).

So it is also called Yin Ruins. Oracle Bone Inscriptions's earliest discovery time should be twenty-five years before Guangxu in the late Qing Dynasty. exist

South bank farm of Huan River in Xiaotun Village, Anyang County, Henan Province. When the villagers are farming, they are in the soil.

Some tortoise shell bone fragments were unearthed in the layer, most of which were engraved with profound sentences.

. At that time, the villagers used it as a keel and resold it to a pharmacy as a medicine village. Until the twenty-fifth year of Guangxu.

In (1899), the archaeologist Wang discovered it and confirmed it as a precious cultural relic.

Its research value has caused a sensation in academic circles. After Liu E, Sun Yirang, Luo Zhenyu and Wang.

Guo Wei and Ye Yusen have successively collected exquisite works, among which Luo Zhenyu is the best.

Only by advocating it can we establish Oracle Bone Inscriptions's position.

Question 4: When did "Oracle Bone Inscriptions" appear? Oracle Bone Inscriptions mainly refers to Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins, which was written by the royal family on tortoise shells and animal bones in the late Shang Dynasty in China (14 ~ 1 1 century). It is the earliest and most complete ancient Chinese character discovered by China. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is an ancient script in China, regarded as an early form of modern Chinese characters, sometimes regarded as a script of Chinese characters, and also the oldest mature script in China. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is also called Wen Qi, tortoise shell or tortoise shell animal bone. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a very important ancient writing material. Most Oracle Bone Inscriptions were found in Yin Ruins. Yin Ruins are famous sites of Yin Shang Dynasty, including Xiaotun Village, Huayuanzhuang and Houjiazhuang in the northwest of Anyang City, Henan Province. It was once the capital of the central dynasty in the late Yin Shang Dynasty, so it was called Yin Ruins. These Oracle Bone Inscriptions are basically the divination records of Shang rulers. Shang rulers are superstitious about whether there will be disasters, whether it will rain, whether there will be a good harvest of crops, whether there will be a victory in the war, what to sacrifice to ghosts and gods, and divination based on fertility, disease, dreaming and other things to understand the will of ghosts and gods and the quality of things. The materials used for divination are mainly tortoise's bellybutton, carapace and cattle's scapula. Small pits are usually dug or drilled on the back of Oracle bones for divination. This kind of pit is called "drilling" by experts in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Heating these pits during divination leads to cracks on the surface of Oracle bones. This kind of crack is called "omen" The word "Bu" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions is like a symbol. People engaged in divination judge good or bad according to the various shapes of divination. According to Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty, Chinese characters at that time had developed into a complete Chinese writing system. In the discovered Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Ruins, the number of words has reached about 4000. There are a lot of signifiers, pictographs, knowing characters, and many pictographs. These words are very different in appearance from the words we use now. But from the point of word formation, they are basically the same. At present, there are about 6.5438+0.5 million pieces of Oracle bones with more than 4,500 words. These Oracle Bone Inscriptions records are extremely rich in content, involving many aspects of social life in Shang Dynasty, including not only politics, military affairs, culture and social customs, but also astronomy, calendars, medicine and other science and technology. Judging from about 1500 characters identified in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the methods of "pictographic, comprehending, pictophonetic, referring to things, transferring notes and borrowing words" have been developed, which shows the unique charm of China characters. Documents based on tortoise shells and animal bones in Shang Dynasty and early Western Zhou Dynasty in China (about 16 BC-0/0 BC). This is the earliest known form of Chinese literature. The characters carved on Oracle bones were previously called Wen Qi, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Turtle Edition, Yin Ruins, etc. Now they are usually called Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Due to superstition, Shang and Zhou emperors used tortoise shells (common in tortoise shells) or animal bones (common in cattle scapula) for divination, and then carved divination related matters (such as divination time, diviner, divination content, divination result, verification, etc. ) in the Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and preserved by the royal historian as archival materials (see Oracle Bone Inscriptions archives). In addition to Oracle inscriptions, there are some unforgettable inscriptions in Oracle Bone Inscriptions's offerings. Oracle Bone Inscriptions's contribution covers astronomy, calendar, meteorology, geography, country, lineage, family, figures, officials, conquest, imprisonment, agriculture, animal husbandry, hunting, transportation, religion, sacrifice, disease, birth and disaster. It is extremely valuable first-hand information for studying the social history, culture and language of ancient China, especially the Shang Dynasty.

Question 5: In which dynasty and when did Oracle Bone Inscriptions appear? Shang dynasty 3300 years ago

Question 6: When did Oracle bone inscriptions, the earliest written language in China, begin? Shang Dynasty

Question 7: Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions and Xiao Zhuan appeared in 1, and Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronze inscriptions appeared several thousand years ago, about14th century-BC 1 1 century respectively. 2. Xiao Zhuan (Qin Zhuan) appeared before Lishu, but they all appeared in Qin Dynasty (259-2 BC10). 3. Regular script originated from the Eastern Han Dynasty (also known as the later Han Dynasty), that is, from 25 to 220 AD. 4. The first batch of simplified Chinese characters was announced on 1956, and simplified Chinese characters were officially promoted to the whole country. As early as 1906, educator Lu Feikui published a paper in the first issue of Education magazine, and publicly advocated the use of simplified characters. 1August, 935, the then * * * * Ministry of Education published the First List of Simplified Characters with 324 characters, which was the first list of simplified characters published by * * * in history. Note 1: It is recognized by academic circles as the earliest ancient writing in China, which is Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronze inscription in the middle and late Shang Dynasty. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is mainly a kind of writing carved on tortoise shells and animal bones in the late Yin and Shang Dynasties. With regard to the origin of bronze inscriptions, the traditional view is that it originated in Shang Dynasty, prevailed in Zhou Dynasty, and was developed on the basis of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. 1987 published a new statement that the bronze inscription, which has always been thought to appear after Oracle Bone Inscriptions, actually existed before Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Note 2: After the unification of Qin Dynasty, Li Si edited a set of characters with simple strokes and neat shapes on the basis of Jin Wen and Shi Guwen, which was called Xiao Zhuan. After reading these new books, Qin Shihuang was very satisfied, so he set them as standard fonts and ordered them to be used nationwide. (Li Si died in 208 BC) Zhang Huai in the Tang Dynasty said in "Shu Duan": "According to official records, Cheng Miao, a descendant of the Qin Dynasty, did the same."

Question 8: When did the regular script and cursive script of Oracle Bone Inscriptions's small seal inscriptions come into being? Oracle Bone Inscriptions recorded and reflected the political and economic situation of Shang Dynasty, mainly referring to the characters carved on tortoise shells or animal bones by the royal family in China in the late Shang Dynasty (14 ~ 1 1 century) for divination.

The application time of bronze inscriptions is about 1200 years, from the early Shang Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty's destruction of the Six Kingdoms.

After Qin Shihuang unified China (22 1 year ago), Xiao Zhuan implemented the policy of "the words are the same, and the cars are on the same track", and the prime minister Li Si was responsible for the unified measurement. On the basis of the original script of the Qin Dynasty's Da Zhuan, Xiao Zhuan simplified it, canceled the variant characters of the other six countries, and created a unified Chinese writing form. It was popular in China until the end of the Western Han Dynasty (about 8 AD) and was gradually replaced by official script.

Official script is a common solemn font in Chinese characters, with a slightly flat writing effect, long horizontal drawing and short straight drawing, and pays attention to "swallow tail of silkworm head" and "twists and turns". It originated in the Qin Dynasty and reached its peak in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Calligraphy is known as "Han Li Tang Kai". It is also said that official script originated in the Warring States period.

Regular script is the most popular script in China feudal society from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Jin and Tang Dynasties.

Cursive writing is a way of writing for convenience. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" says: "There are cursive scripts in Han Xing". The cursive script began in the early Han dynasty, and its characteristics are: keeping the outline of characters, damaging the official rules, rushing away and rushing away quickly. Because of the meaning of grass, it is called cursive script.

Running script is a writing style between regular script and cursive script, which appeared in the late Western Han Dynasty and the early Eastern Han Dynasty.