The earliest writing in our country is

Question 1: What is the earliest writing found in China so far? Cuneiform is the oldest known script in the world. This is a unique writing system, which was invented by ancient Sumerians and inherited and reformed by Akkadians.

The oldest writing in China is Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which was carved on tortoise shells or animal bones in the late Shang Dynasty. It is also called Wen Qi, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, tortoise shell script and Yin Ruins script.

The exact date of Chinese history is the uprising of China people in the Western Zhou Dynasty in 84 BC/KLOC-0 BC.

Question 2: What is the earliest written language in China? The ancient Chinese characters carved on pottery in Wen Tao, such as Banpo pottery symbol, Ding Gong Wen Tao, Gaoyou Wen Tao, etc. Another scholar pointed out that Wen Tao may be the earliest writing before Oracle Bone Inscriptions in China.

Question 3: What is the earliest written language in China? 40 points can't say that Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the earliest writing in China, but only the earliest known Chinese characters.

Question 4: What is the earliest mature script in China? The earliest script was Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, but the more mature script was Xiao Zhuan, which was the unified script after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries.

Question 5: What is the earliest known mature script in China? It's Oracle Bone Inscriptions! Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the earliest and most complete ancient script discovered by China. It was carved (or written) on tortoise shells and animal bones by the royal family in the late China Dynasty (14 ~1century) and was used for divination. After the demise of Shang Dynasty and the rise of Zhou Dynasty, Oracle Bone Inscriptions continued to be used for some time.

Question 6: Which dynasty was the earliest written dynasty in China? The earliest writing

Writing is a tool that people use to record language symbols and exchange ideas. In the past, people thought that Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty was the earliest written language in China.

After 1977, archaeologists excavated the ruins of two small towns in the east and west in the ruins of the Xia Dynasty, about 15 km southeast of Wang Chenggang, Dengfeng County, Henan Province, and found some precious written materials of the Xia Dynasty. For example, in an ash pit at the site of Xicheng. A muddy black pottery flat bottom was found in early summer, and the word ""was found at the bottom of the flat bottom before the pottery was fired. The word consists of two parts, just like holding it with two hands. It may be "* *", which probably represents the surname of the owner of the pottery. Far from being a symbol, this word transcends the hieroglyphic stage, but is a knowing word, so it is a real word. This discovery strongly proves that as early as 4,000 years ago, China had written characters in the early Xia Dynasty.

Question 7: What is the earliest written language in China? This is Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions mainly refers to Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins, also known as Yin Ruins Characters, Wang Badan and Yin Qi, written on tortoise shells and animal bones in Shang Dynasty. 65438+ was discovered in Yin Ruins in Xiaotun, Anyang, Henan Province at the end of 2009, and inherited Wen Tao's word-making method. It was carved (or written) by the royal family on tortoise shells and animal bones in China in the late Shang Dynasty (14 ~1century) for divination. After the demise of Shang Dynasty and the rise of Zhou Dynasty, Oracle Bone Inscriptions continued to be used for some time. It is a relatively complete ancient writing system discovered by China. Oracle Bone Inscriptions was identified by antique dealers and epigraphers in 1898. After that, a large-scale excavation was carried out in Yin Ruins (Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province), and a large number of tortoise shells and animal bones were unearthed. Coupled with sporadic collection in other places, more than 100,000 articles have been collected so far, of which a single article is the longest100 words, which shows the embryonic form of practical writing. (Excerpted from Applied Writing No.3 1992, Prototype of Applied Writing-Oracle Bone Inscriptions).

There is another story about Oracle Bone Inscriptions's discovery: During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, there was a man named Wang, who was an official of imperial academy, the highest institution of learning at that time. Once, he saw a Chinese medicine called keel, which was very strange, so he looked through the dregs. I didn't expect there to be a seemingly literal pattern on it. So he bought all the keels and found that each keel had a similar pattern. He is convinced that this is a kind of writing, and it is relatively perfect, which should be from the Yin and Shang Dynasties. Later, people discovered the place where the keel was unearthed-Xiaotun Village, Anyang, Henan Province, where a large number of keels were unearthed. Because these keels are mainly Oracle Bone Inscriptions of turtles and mammals, people named them "Oracle Bone Inscriptions", and the subject of studying them is called "Oracle Bone Inscriptions".

There are more than 5,000 different characters and figures in a total of * * * 65,438+million Oracle bones, of which about 65,438+0,000 characters have been recognized.

There are about 27% pictophonetic characters in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which shows that Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a fairly mature writing system. Oracle Bone Inscriptions moment of animals with pattern symbols (data photo)

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is an ancient script in China, regarded as an early form of modern Chinese characters, sometimes regarded as a script of Chinese characters, and also the oldest mature script in China. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is also called Wen Qi, tortoise shell or tortoise shell animal bone. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a very important ancient writing material. Most Oracle Bone Inscriptions were found in Yin Ruins. Yin Ruins are famous sites of Yin Shang Dynasty, including Xiaotun Village, Huayuanzhuang and Houjiazhuang in the northwest of Anyang City, Henan Province. It was once the capital of the central dynasty in the late Yin Shang Dynasty, so it was called Yin Ruins. These Oracle Bone Inscriptions are basically the divination records of Shang rulers. Shang rulers are superstitious about whether there will be disasters, whether it will rain, whether there will be a good harvest of crops, whether there will be a victory in the war, what to sacrifice to ghosts and gods, and divination based on fertility, disease, dreaming and other things to understand the will of ghosts and gods and the quality of things. The materials used for divination are mainly tortoise's bellybutton, carapace and cattle's scapula. Small pits are usually dug or drilled on the back of Oracle bones for divination. This kind of pit is called "drilling" by experts in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Heating these pits during divination leads to cracks on the surface of Oracle bones. This kind of crack is called "omen" The word "Bu" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions is like a symbol. People engaged in divination judge good or bad according to the various shapes of divination. According to Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty, Chinese characters at that time had developed into a complete Chinese writing system. In the discovered Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Ruins, the number of words has reached about 4000. There are a lot of signifiers, pictographs, knowing characters, and many pictographs. These words are very different in appearance from the words we use now. But from the point of word formation, they are basically the same.

At present, there are about 6.5438+0.5 million pieces of Oracle bones with more than 4,500 words. These Oracle Bone Inscriptions records are extremely rich in content, involving many aspects of social life in Shang Dynasty, including not only politics, military affairs, culture and social customs, but also astronomy, calendars, medicine and other science and technology. Judging from about 1500 characters identified in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the methods of "pictographic, comprehending, pictophonetic, referring to things, transferring notes and borrowing words" have been developed, which shows the unique charm of China characters. Documents based on tortoise shells and animal bones in Shang Dynasty and early Western Zhou Dynasty in China (about 16 BC-0/0 BC). This is the earliest known form of Chinese literature. The characters carved on Oracle bones were previously called Wen Qi, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Turtle Edition, Yin Ruins, etc. Now they are usually called Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Due to superstition, Shang and Zhou emperors used tortoise shells on everything (with turtles ... >>

Question 8: Who invented Cang Xie, the earliest character in China? He is an old man. It is said that he is the founder of Chinese characters in China, the recorder of Emperor Xuanyuan, the face of Chinese characters and one of the "Four Saints" in China. His real name is Hou Gang and Hao. Because of his great achievements in writing, the Yellow Emperor named him Cang, which means the next and last gentleman. Cang Xie was born in Wu Yang Village, Beiyuan Township, Baishui County, Shaanxi Province. 1 1 1 years old, died in Lixiangting (now Cang Xie Temple), Shixiang Township, Baishui County. Cang Xie created Chinese characters based on hieroglyphics. He organized the created Chinese characters into two books (which were later lost in the chaos). The existing "Cang Xie Bird Trace Book Monument" is hidden in the front hall of Cang Xie Temple. Painting hexagrams, tying ropes, and then going to bird-trace books are unprecedented undertakings and the development process of characters. In memory of him, the local people planted pines and cypresses in the place where he was buried, and built temples and tombs, which are now Cang Xie Temple. This temple had begun to take shape in the 5th year of Yan xi in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 162), and now it has 16 stone tablets, among which "Cangsheng Bird Trace Tablet" and "Cang Xie Temple Tablet in the 5th year of Yan Xi in the Eastern Han Dynasty" are the most precious (now it has been moved to Xi 'an Stele Forest).

Question 9: What is the oldest writing in China? Everyone knows that the Mayans used hieroglyphs, but in fact hieroglyphs were only borrowed from Egypt.

Law. The word hieroglyphics first appeared in the Greek Dio Doles in 1 century BC.

The works of Heros. Disassemble according to Greek, which means "sacred carving". However, the theory of "sacred sculpture"

This method is surprisingly consistent with Mayan hieroglyphics.

Mayan hieroglyphics were specially written by "clergy", and their incomprehensibility exceeded that of ordinary Mayans.

Solutions, not to mention external observers. /kloc-John, a young American diplomat in the 0 th and 9 th centuries? Lloyd. Stevens,

Fascinated by the unfathomable Mayan culture, his biggest obstacle is the insurmountable writing obstacle, and he can't know these gods.

Hidden and exquisite picture symbols tell how magical the past is. He is "romantic and brilliant" in Honduras today.

Valley "stopped near the ruins of Copan in the center of ancient Maya city, and the price was as high as 50 dollars (you know, it is still 19.

After the implementation of the gold standard in the 1970s, I bought a piece of land for long-term research. But he was vague about this complicated situation.

Mayan hieroglyphics really feel "beyond the scope of intelligence." He said, "I can't pretend to understand people. When I look at it,

When children are young, imagination is often painful! "

It is said that until today, linguists still can't read all these words. There are more than 850 horses known.

Only one-third of the elegant hieroglyphics were understood and the other two-thirds were understood according to the narrative of Spanish army bishop Landa.

It has not been able to "return to life" for hundreds of years. Modern scholars either gallop imagination, or delve into mystery, or sacrifice "all wars".

The magic weapon of "winning by science" depends on millions of operations and analysis by large computers every second, and the results remain unchanged. once in a while

Anxious and confident people ran out and claimed to have solved the mystery, but they couldn't find any evidence and went away.

Mysterious Mayan hieroglyphics, what are you like!

The existing Mayan hieroglyphs are carved on the walls of stone tablets, temples and tombs, jade articles and shells, and also

Write (or describe) on pottery, banyan inner skin and tanned deerskin with a hair brush similar to Chinese brush.

The total amount is quite large, with more than 2,500 on the steps of a pyramid in Copan site alone. This is the largest inscription in the world.

One of his representative works, Hieroglyphic Stairs, is 8 meters wide and has 90 stone steps. It is full of strange and exquisite hieroglyphics.

The combination of the pyramid temple and hieroglyphics clearly shows its religious nature. Hieroglyphics on four surviving manuscripts

Words are undoubtedly the use of religion. It is particularly noteworthy that this hieroglyph seems to have fallen from the world.

Come on, just like jumping out of a crack in the stone, we can only see its maturity and perfection from beginning to end without exception, not like

The characters of other ancient nationalities have a development track from simple to complex. For example, Chinese characters are mature squares.

Before the country appeared, it experienced many immature, uncertain and even rough forms, such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions and Banpo pottery.

Score line. David? Dillinger pointed out: "Mayan characters ... were very mature when we discovered them, so they could."

Presumably, it must have an evolutionary process that we don't know. "

However, according to the theory of philology, Mayan characters only stay in a primary stage. worldwide

It is said that characters experience has gone through three different stages of development. First, pictures or symbolic figures tell the whole story with pictures;

The second is to understand the word stage, and use symbols to represent certain meanings; Third, phonetic notation, when words and language are really tied together.

Together. Maya is obviously going to be included in the first stage, but in fact, its formal perfection far exceeds or even resembles half.

Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs with pinyin letters. Can you recognize the above theory of character development stages?

In addition, what about looking for the special development opportunity and motivation of Maya characters themselves?

Religious reasons must be the first choice, which has been foreshadowed in the last article. Of course, you can also consider Mayan fever.

Committed to the perfect national form, he is good at unifying the figurative description with the abstraction of exaggerated features.

Genius.

The original image of the Mayans is probably in the section of this book "God has his own magical powers, and everyone has his own needs".

The gods only mentioned. The images of those gods are very special, either with tusks like wild elephants or with disciples.

Give birth to Pinocchio's long nose in fairy tales, or paint his face black to represent decay and death ... >>

Question 10: In which dynasty did the earliest Chinese characters appear? For the driven wheel, whether there is a differential is not important. The rear wheel is the driving wheel. If there is no differential and the two rear wheels are directly connected to the gearbox through gears and other transmission mechanisms, then the two rear wheels will always roll at the same speed. When turning, because the two rear wheels travel in different paths, this will inevitably lead to two rear wheels (at least one of them) sliding with the ground instead of rolling completely! Differential was originally used to solve this problem.

The two driving wheels are allowed to travel at different speeds driven by the power output from the gearbox. When the output of the gearbox is constant, the sum of the speeds of the two driving wheels is a constant. Compared with the output of the gearbox, if one wheel runs at a standard speed, the other wheel runs at a standard speed. If one wheel is slower than the standard speed, another wheel is faster than the standard speed, and the other wheel is faster than the standard speed.