Steps of ancient marriage? thank you

"Mr. and Mrs. Li Gui, easy to talk about Gan Kun, and Yang Chenghua, more respected than the moon, the river is graceful, and the sky hangs down." Historical records show us how sacred the wedding of ancient China people is. This is the first blessing of life, and it must be very grand and polite. In ancient China, the wedding process was divided into six stages, which were called "Six Gifts" in ancient times, namely, receiving gifts, asking names, receiving gifts, inviting guests and welcoming relatives.

wedding

An ancient gift. Wedding ceremony. That is, the form of formal marriage between men and women. In the Central Plains, the Chinese nation, the emergence of marriage etiquette, is in the late primitive society, the end of pairing marriage and the beginning of monogamy. At that time, the matriarchal system had gradually changed to the paternal system. Property is mainly controlled by men, who marry women. The wife lives in her husband's family, and the children take the father's surname. The wife and children are members of the husband's family. The implementation of wedding procedures and ceremonies shows that patriarchy is to inherit one's own property and pass it on from generation to generation to give birth to one's own children. Historically, the Xia and Shang Dynasties proposed marriage with Lippi as a gift, which means that the value of women is equal to that of men, which is the beginning of dowry for later generations. Besides, you must "tell your parents" to get permission and welcome them at home. In the Zhou Dynasty, weddings became more and more perfect, from simple to complex, and gradually formed the "Six Rites" system, which was practiced from the emperor to Shu Ren except slaves. Later generations have complexity and simplicity, and there are often explicit provisions. Generally speaking, the wedding of the ruling class is complicated and extravagant, and the civilians are simple; The rich are cumbersome and the poor are simple; The Central Plains is more complicated, while the remote areas are simpler. In addition to the "Six Rites", weddings also include formal weddings (worship, face washing, opposite, tying the knot in the same prison, leaving the rest aside for the time being) and post-wedding ceremonies (see the woman menstruation, hello menstruation, and see you in the temple). In ethnic minority areas, the degree of civilization varies with the stage of social development, and there are also polite and vulgar points. "Tongdian. Kerry III. After the emperor took a concubine: "Fuxi's marriage system takes his wife as a gift." When the five emperors ruled, if they got married, they would sue their parents. Xia Qin welcomes Tang and Chao. The weekly system limits the age of men and women, and six ceremonies will be prepared when they are engaged ..... The wedding ceremony will be in the interest of both surnames, and the ancestral hall will be the next generation. Therefore, the gentleman is the most important, * * * eat in prison, get married, so get along with others, treat each other like guests, make a difference between men and women, and establish the meaning of husband and wife. Later, the father and son became close, and the monarch and the minister were upright. So the wedding ceremony is also the foundation. "

Six rites

Six wedding ceremonies of ancient Han nationality. It was formed in the Zhou Dynasty, starting with the wedding of the emperor, crown prince, duke and duchess. Including recruiting, asking names, Najib, recruiting, inviting parties and welcoming guests. It regulates the marriage between men and women, and there are similar provisions in Tang law and Ming law. However, the value paid by the man to the woman is its main feature, which is a concrete manifestation of buying and selling marriage in disguise under the old ethics. Its procedures have changed slightly in past dynasties. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Crown Prince did not take a relative, but resumed in Sui and Tang Dynasties. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, six rites were used. Later, due to complicated procedures, civilians were unable to cope, so they often fled to other places to get married privately, and they sought fame in Nacai and invited them to reduce the six rites to four. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu made a family ceremony on the basis of Zhenghe's new ceremony, deleting Naji, leaving only three ceremonies: accepting gifts, accepting gifts and welcoming relatives, and changing the temple fair in March to three days. In the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, Zhu was clearly adopted. Although there are differences between Manchu, Han nationality, scholars and ordinary people in Qing Dynasty, they are generally outside the scope of Zhu's research. "Tongdian. Kerry III. "The Queen of Heaven": "The Instrument of Six Rites." Du You's note: "The initial predicate can not be chosen when picking geese and using geese;" Second, ask the name, use geese, that is, ask the female name, and it will also be predicted; Third, Naji, using geese, is called Buji, and it is also reported; Fourth, it is said that the wedding ceremony has also been completed; On the 5 th, please invite, use geese and marry women; On the 6th, kiss and greet, and use geese. "

National electronic advisory Committee

One of the "Six Rites" of ancient marriage. Later generations may call it "marriage" and "matchmaking". In other words, the man invited the messenger (that is, the matchmaker) to the woman's house to express his intention to ask for relatives and test her intention. After the woman promised to talk about marriage, the man used goose as a gift before formally proposing marriage. Accept, accept; Choose, choose. Later emperors or wealthy families received more gifts every time. For example, the Crown Prince of the Northern Qi Dynasty and Wang Nafei, the emperor sent envoys to harvest the harvest. The gifts prepared by the company were: a bite of mutton, a wild goose, welcome wine, millet, millet, rice and noodles. Name, Najib, invitation meeting, meeting the same person. Poor houses were replaced by pheasants and geese. "Erie. "In the Soul of History": "When you are unconscious, you will collect geese." Zheng Xuan's note: "Da, Da Ye. If you want to marry him, you must first let the media understand his words. The woman's permission is an acceptable gift. " Jia Gongyan wrote: "Those who receive materials must choose them according to their initial appearance, and they are afraid that their wives will not allow them, so they will accept them." Hu Zhiyi: "From the time of acceptance to the time of inviting five gifts, each envoy must do it." "Tongdian. Kerry III. Emperor gaozu took the queen: "after the establishment of emperor gaozu, next year ... I learned the story of Xiao Huidi taking the queen: I hired 20 thousand Jin of gold." Gathering, geese, cliffs, horses and silks, just like the old classics. "

Q. Name

The second of the "six rites" of ancient marriage. That is, the man formally proposed marriage, and after the woman agreed, the man asked the matchmaker to take the goose and ask the girl's mother's name, my name and date of birth to go back to divination. Later generations ask names to extend to family background, property, position, appearance, health and other aspects. After the Song Dynasty, simplifying the Six Rites, accepting gifts and asking names were often completed at one time. There is an ancient folk custom in Jiangnan. The woman's family wrapped the eight characters of her age in red paper, and Redmi and Millennium Red were given to the man's family by the matchmaker. The matchmaker kept silent and showed it to the kitchen god. If the family is safe within three days, please ask the fortune teller to get married or sign. If something happens within three days, such as throwing a bowl, or if the eight characters are mutually gram, find an excuse to return the eight characters to the woman's house. Musical instrument "Shi Li Wedding": "What's your name, Bin Zhi Yan?" Zheng Xuan's note: "Anyone who asks his name will have good or bad luck." "Song history. Book of Rites Sixty-eight: "The ancients ... asked a woman's name and sent it back to Bufu Temple in Kyrgyzstan in order to tell her family that she asked her name and Najib." "Ming history. Ritual trinity ":"I am just the way of husband and wife, the foundation of the relationship. If you are in the right position, you will be famous. The task force is holding a festival to ask the name, and it is still waiting to see. "

Nayan

Also known as "Wen Ding" and "Shu Tong". Commonly known as "send", "over-determined", "fixed", "small employment" and "small fixed". The third of "six rites" in ancient marriage. It's etiquette for the man to inform the woman about divination after asking her name. It is also the main etiquette in the engagement stage. When the man decided to get married, he took the goose and other things as gifts, and asked the matchmaker to inform the woman. Then the two sides exchanged marriage documents, revealing the name, title and residence, date of birth, two families and three generations of Geng, the official institute for men and women. The significance of "caring for each other" is very obvious. The "marriage report" mentioned in the Tang Law is the book contract that Najib and his wife promised to get engaged. In the Song Dynasty, people called it "Taixi Tie" and "Engagement", both of which meant engagement and belonged to "Naji". Song Zhuxi's "family ceremony" incorporated Najib into Zheng Na, and since then, the two ceremonies have often been held together. In the early days, Naji took geese as gifts, and later generations, with the development of the nature of marriage, gradually took jewelry, colored silk and food as gifts. Usually, the relatives of the male elders go to the woman's house with the matchmaker to see her family background and character. The elders want to give her some money as a meeting gift, which is called "blind date". "Lee Yi Shi's Faint Ceremony": "Naji takes geese as a gift." Zheng Xuan's note: "It's a good omen to return to the temple, and then send an emissary to inform. It's settled." Jia Shu: "When I am uncertain, I am afraid that there will be bad luck and my marriage will be uncertain. So Najib is determined to win. " Temple, ancestral hall; Naji refers to the good news that the woman's family got a good omen from the man. Song and Wu's Dream of Dreams. "Marriage": "Men will also return to the grass post to ask for a sign or plead for confession, which will also help the media to spread. Then it's too thin, and it's also called' creating posts'. In the post, the three generations of official positions of the Syrian family are taboo, and the number of male relatives is discussed. The official position was born on an auspicious day, parents were in the hall, or absent, or the book owner got married ... The post of the female family is also written as before, discussing the number of female relatives, born on an auspicious day, with a list of houses, jewels, gold and silver, and pearls. The two companies in Cioaca inform each other, choose the posting date, and send a colored liner and a stable post, which is the final conclusion. Then, the man's family chooses a day to prepare wine for the woman's family, or borrow a garden or lake boat, and both parents meet, which is called blind date. Men will drink four glasses of wine, while women will drink two. This gift means that men are strong and women are weak. If the couple like it, put a gold hairpin in the crown bun, which is called a hairpin. If it doesn't work out, two catties of colored satin will be called a shock, and the marriage is not harmonious. Now that the card has been inserted, Ke Fanren will get through, agree on the ceremony and report to the woman's home. If the family has money, two sheep will send pearls, jewels, gold wares, gold skirts, tea cakes, and four or eight bottles of gold bottles of wine. Big flowers and big silver will win, and red, green and gold wine clothes will cover the wine. The woman's family took the wedding, prepared incense, candles, wine and fruit in the house hall, and told the three circles of the League. Then, the woman's husband and wife were invited to attend the opening and closing ceremonies. On the same day, the woman's husband prepared gifts, and the women workers replied with purple Luo and color blocks, pearls and jade, soap Luo towel blocks, golden jade handkerchief rings, seven treasures towel rings, handkerchief shoes and socks. Gengyuan (original) sent tea cakes and fruits, sent back to the four directions, and sent half of goat wine ... Since it was sent, it all depends on the contacts of the media, and it is news.

Zheng Na

Also known as Nabi, Nacheng and Wen Ding. Later generations are commonly known as "collecting money", "delivering dishes", "hiring big", "giving big gifts" and "giving gifts". Four "Six Rites" of Ancient Marriage. This is a ceremony for the man's family to send a bride price to the woman's family after Najib. The woman's family received a reply, which marked the complete establishment of marriage. From then on, both men and women were in-laws giving gifts, and in the Zhou Dynasty, silk was used. Scholar-officials used Meng Xuan, Millet and Lippi; The warlord Jia Jiagui; The son of heaven added Zhang. Senior officials of the royal family and future generations were given rich dowry. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong in the Tang Dynasty, a decree was issued to limit the amount of money employed by officials' families. However, although the people used gold and silver utensils as dowry in past dynasties, the poor had no money to marry every adult. Twenty-two years in the Spring and Autumn Period: "Winter is like Zena coins." Du Pre-note: "If you pay the money, it will be levied." "Erie. "In the Soul of History": "Expropriation" Zheng Xuan's note: "Expropriation, success, the messenger takes money into a faint gift." Jia Gong Yan Shu: "If you accept this, you will be unconscious, so the cloud will be levied." "Tongdian. Kerry III. "Han Hui Empress Marries a Concubine": "Han Hui Empress marries and employs 20,000 Jin of gold and 12 horses." He also said, "In October of the fourth year of Emperor Qing of the Tang Dynasty, he ordered the world to take a wife and accept money, and not to have more than 300 silks; Four and five products shall not exceed 200 horses; Six and seven products shall not exceed 100; It is not allowed to wait for more than fifty horses, all of which are used to marry women's clothes, and the husband's family is not allowed to accept the dowry. " Song and Wu's Lu. Marriage: "Stationery is a betrothal gift, and the rich have to prepare three gold gifts, so those who fall into gold, gold and gold are also. If the home is covered with chairs, or there is no gold ware, it is necessary to use silver plating instead. Otherwise, if the rich and the poor are different, they will follow suit, and there is no definite law. What's more, I gave the official a gold sleeve, a yellow silk skirt, a long red dress or a red silk sleeve. Jewelry such as Zhucui bun, Zhucui Tuanguan, Four Seasons Guanhua, Zhucui Paihuan, and fine variegated silk; Add flowers and fruits, reunion cakes, sheep wine and other things and send them to the official meeting, which is called' the next gift'. " Golden dog, golden lock piece. Song Sima Guang's "Wen Gong Yi Shu": "Secular greed ... first ask how much money to hire is the way to sell slaves, so you can't call a scholar-bureaucrat married!"

Invitation date

Five "Six Rites" of Ancient Marriage. The man's family proposed the wedding etiquette to the woman. After the conscription, the man's family took advantage of the auspicious day and sent messengers (matchmakers) to the woman's house to ask about the wedding date. The woman's family is very humble, and the messenger told her that the man's family took an auspicious day. If the woman's family cannot agree for some reason, it must be rescheduled. Please discuss it immediately, and the woman will decide. In the folk, men and women usually agree on a date, and after the fortune teller decides it as an auspicious day, he will post it to the woman's house or the matchmaker will give a verbal notice. Commonly known as "raising the day" and "sending the day". After the Song Dynasty, there were many requirements for the date and conscription. "In the Soul of Li Yi's Poems": "Please use geese. The master resigned, Xu Bin. Tell me the date. As a gift. " Zheng Xuan's Note: "If the main speech, Yang advocates harmony and Yin, the date should be from the husband's family." . The husband's family must make a prediction first, and it will be lucky. The messenger went and resigned, that's all. "Hu's Justice:" My husband's family is lucky, but he dare not directly sue his wife's family, but he will invite him to show his obedience and respect. "One:" When a scholar gets married, ask the name of the talent, and ask the date of the talent. " Sign, avoid injong taboo "shooting", renamed Nancheng.

To meet/greet [somebody] in person

Also known as the "wedding ceremony". Six etiquette of ancient marriage. That is, on the wedding day, the groom personally went to the woman's house to marry the bride on the orders of his master. The Book of Rites Misters stipulates that on the wedding day, the groom wears a black dress and takes a black lacquer car, with a candle in front and a car behind him, and goes to the woman's house. The bride's father went out to meet her son-in-law and male guests. The groom sent the goose and the gift to the woman's house and bowed out. The bride dressed neatly, covered with a towel, followed the car, and the groom personally gave her the rope on the car and led her to the car. First, the groom drives his own car, then the driver walks instead of walking, and the woman sends someone to accompany him. When the bus arrives at the man's house, the groom enters the house by car first. After the bride and visitors arrive, the groom takes the bride into the house. Then enter the house for worship, marriage and other ceremonies. "Biography of Ram" claims that since Emperor Tiandi and Shu Ren, there have been wedding ceremonies. In the Western Han Dynasty, uncles and grandsons gave gifts. Starting from Zuo Zhuan, after realizing that the son of heaven had no relatives, he greeted the bride with a sedan chair. The groom rides or sits in a sedan chair, which is decorated with red and green colored silk, so it is called a sedan chair with drums in front. Etiquette and folk customs vary from place to place. "Poetry, Elegance and Civilization": "A great country has a son and sees a goddess. Wen Ding is like a knight, and he speaks with his own words. " "Book of Rites. "Mourning for the Public": "When you are in a big coma, welcome your relatives." Song and Wu's Dream of Dreams. On the wedding day, the male family will set a time to give orders to Lang, and everyone will take vases, candles, fragrant balls, shaluo and other colored utensils to wash, make up, take photos, dress boxes, suitcases ... and entrust street secretaries and others to ride horses with Gu (hired) and private prostitutes, and advocate being an official with Qian Le.

(of the bride and groom) salute to heaven and earth.

Also known as "worship heaven and earth". One of the ancient wedding ceremonies. Since the Tang Dynasty, it has been widely practiced from the royal family to the common people. After the Song Dynasty, it became popular all over the country and was worshipped by heaven and earth, ancestors, aunts (in-laws) and couples, indicating that women have since become a member of the male family, thus becoming the most important gift in the wedding process. In modernization, the scope of "worshipping the church" has expanded. In addition to the ancestors of heaven and earth, we should also worship the Bi family and be friendly to guests and friends. On the second day after the wedding, after visiting the ancestral temple in the village (that is, the ancient ceremony of "seeing the temple"), it is still necessary to pay homage to the neighborhood of the township party before the wedding. Tang feng's achievements. Flowers and Candles: "In modern marriage, there are obstacles, such as husbands, fans, flowers and candles, and ceremonies to pay homage to the church, from the royal family to the literati." Song Mengyuan's Dream in Tokyo. My husband asked the bride to go out ... to visit the temple before going to bed. The woman walked backwards, helped her into the room to worship, and the man rushed to the bed after the worship ... On the fifth day of the next day, she held a mirror on it with a Zhuo (table), looked up and worshipped, and told the bride to meet the bride. The second time I visited my elders and relatives, they made shoes and pillows skillfully one by one. "

(of the bride and groom) exchanging greetings at the wedding.

One of the ancient wedding ceremonies. Refers to the wedding, the newlyweds toast each other. It began in the Tang Dynasty and was influenced by it in later generations. "Youyang Miscellaneous Gifts" by Shicheng in the Tang Dynasty: "The wedding of the Northern Dynasties, with the green curtain as the house and the inner and outer doors, is called Lu Qing, and it is here to pay homage." Song Sima Guang's "Wen Gong Yi Shu": "In ancient times, husband and wife had no instrument to pay homage. In this life, we began to meet and worship. It is also reasonable and cannot be abandoned. " "Water Margin" episode 104: "Wang Qing and Duan Sanniang worship each other, and so on, are also hastily completed." "The Scholars" 26: "Bao Tingxi wears flowers, wears red, and wears? First of all, I bow to my father, blow the trumpet, greet my father-in-law, my mother-in-law ... After three teas, please enter the bridal chamber to marry the bride. No need to elaborate. "

(of the bride and groom) cheers-marriage

One of the ancient wedding ceremonies. That is, the couple drinks acacia wine in the new house. Since ancient times. This usage of "gourd" is divided into two parts. The handles of two utensils (gourd) are connected with seven parts to hold wine, which means that the couple will drink * * *, which means that they will become one from now on, and they are called "husband and wife". Later generations changed it to a cup, which is called "making a cup of wine". There was a custom of "tying the knot" in the Song Dynasty, in which a lamp was cast under the bed to make it lean backwards, indicating that men prefer women, yin and yang are harmonious, and there is an obvious sexual symbol. Later, he also got married through "marriage". "Book of Rites": "When a woman arrives, her husband will enter, and the woman will eat in prison, so she is gregarious, condescending and kissing." Kong Dui said: "* * * Those who eat in prison eat the same sacrifices, but they don't have different sacrifices ... If they get married, it won't make any difference, and it will mean harmony. * * * Prison means the same level. The body is the same, and the same is blind and not separated. " Song Mengyuan's Dream in Tokyo. Marry a woman: "drinking a glass of wine with each other is called a toast." After drinking, throw a lamp and put a corolla under the bed. When the lights are turned up and turned off, everyone will celebrate and then cover the bill. " Song and Wu's Dream of Dreams. Marriage ceremony officer ... ordered prostitutes to hold double cups, tie the bottom of the lamp with a red heart and a green heart, and then put the lamp under the bed for good luck. "

Visit my aunt and uncle.

Also known as "memorial to aunt". One of the ancient wedding ceremonies. Since the Zhou Dynasty, according to Yi Li's World Marriage Record, the ceremony of becoming a woman has four steps, namely, a woman meets her uncle, a woman feeds her uncle, an uncle meets her, and a temple meets her. That is, the day after marriage, before dawn, the bride gets up, takes a shower, cleans up, combs her hair, dresses, and goes to the door of her aunt's bedroom to wait for a visit. By dawn, my uncle and aunt sat separately. My uncle was in the east seat outside the room and my aunt was in the south seat outside the room. The bride took a bamboo utensil, spread a decorative towel filled with dates and chestnuts, strode to her uncle and bent down to put the towel on the table. After the worship, retreat to the original place and worship again. Then he retreated to the steps, took a bamboo vessel with dried meat and a decorative towel in it, climbed up the steps and worshipped at the banquet in the north. Aunt sat at the table, accepted the gift, and then got up to meet the girl. This is the end of the bride's ceremony to see her aunt. Foods such as dates and chestnuts symbolize that women should respect and be correct. When a woman feeds her aunt, it means that the bride eats the meat of her elders after washing her hands, which shows filial piety to her aunt. After drinking wine and serving food, Uncle menstruation toasted the bride with a "gift". After two drinks, the menstruation ceremony was over. After seeing the temple, the bride gained the status of "woman". Later generations, when women met their aunts and uncles, they visited them in turn, and their parents, guests and friends offered fragrant teas. On the third day of the bride's visit, she cooked and cooked, which was the legacy of ancient women's gifts to her uncle and aunt. Don's Words from the Bride: "On the third day, cook, wash hands and make soup instead of me. I'm not pregnant, but my husband's sister should smell like Fiat. " The Tang poem "Offering a Water Department in a Boudoir" says: "Last night, I stopped the wedding ceremony and waited for my aunt and uncle to come to Xiao Tang." Talking about Hangzhou by Zhong Yulong. Marriage. Visiting the Church: [In-laws] sit down and accept it, stand up and bow back ... After the ceremony, the other uncles, brothers-in-law, and sister-in-law, male left and female right, worship together in order of age. "

Miaojian

One of the ancient wedding ceremonies. That is, at least three months after marriage, the bride must be taken to the ancestral hall of her husband's family on a certain day to show that this marriage has been approved by her husband's ancestors. From then on, in order to join the vice president, you have the qualification to participate in sacrifices and be sacrificed. In the feudal patriarchal clan system era, "visiting aunts and uncles" and "seeing at the temple" were the rituals of becoming women. If the bride dies in the temple and no one sees her, the man's family will bury her as an "immature woman". At the time of burial, the husband can't hold the staff for the funeral, and the wooden owner can't enter the ancestral hall of the male family. Its appearance began in the Zhou Dynasty, which embodies the patriarchal characteristics of preferring sons to daughters. In later generations, March was too long, and the "Zhu" in the Song Dynasty was changed to a three-day temple fair. In the Ming dynasty, the marriage of the royal family was still in accordance with ancient rituals and folk weddings. According to the imperial edict of the third year of Hongwu (A.D. 1370), the in-laws and ancestors worshipped together the next day. The illegitimate child's wife and marriage, there is no need to visit temples. "Erie. "In the Soul of History": "When my aunt and uncle are away, my wife will enter March, which is a dish." "Erie." Ceng Zi asked, "See you in the temple in March and call your wife. It is also a woman's righteousness to choose a day to sacrifice glutinous rice. " Zheng Xuan's note: "If a woman is righteous, she has the gift of raising." Confucius said, "If Jia (Jia Kui) and Fu (Fu Qian) are above the doctor, I don't ask if my aunt is here. After I saw the ancestral hall in March, I was unconscious. " According to the publishing house, it is two things to receive the bride in the temple and present a dish to her aunt (in-laws), which is equivalent to a gift of "visiting her aunt". If an aunt and uncle die, they can hold one thing together. Talking about Hangzhou by Zhong Yulong. Marriage. Visiting the Church: "I finally met my in-laws. If you have parents-in-law, you must go to the temple to worship your ancestors eight times before your daughter-in-law remembers you. "