Brief introduction of Vichovis Orbis

Vejovis (sometimes spelled Vediovis) is an unknown Roman god. His written materials and archaeological proof are very poor, and scholars argue endlessly about his nature. His name is related to Jupiter, and some authors describe him as "Little Jupiter" or "Anti-Jupiter". Others hinted at links with the underworld. He held celebrations on 65438+1 October1,March 7 and May 2 1, but the nature of these festivals and other worship of God are unknown.

His worship can be traced back to the earliest period of Roman history. King Titus Tatius of Sabin introduced his worship to Rome. Other scholars put forward the relationship with the Etruscan god Veive, which was supported by Vejovis mentioned in the Etruscan divination formula, which was preserved by martianus capella and placed in the god of thunder and lightning.

GELLIUS described VEJOVIS holding a bunch of arrows, and he used the sacrifice of a female goat to cause harm and comfort.

By 1 century BC, Vicovis was unknown, and Roman writers provided various explanations for the meaning of his name and the nature of his power. Ovid described him as a young Jupiter without lightning, with a female goat beside him. On the other hand, Galileo, a Latin writer in the 2nd century AD, described him as a negative force. Contrary to Jupiter, people worship Jupiter to calm his anger, not to ask for his help. He described Vejovis holding a bunch of arrows, which was used to cause harm, and used a female goat "ritu humano" to represent or replace human beings as a sacrifice to appease. Galius also pointed out that some people equate Vichovis with Apollo because of their similar appearance.

... the statue of God ... Vidy Obis ... used an arrow, which was obviously used to cause harm.

(Galius, Noctes Attica, Volume V,12.11-12)

During the war, Vichovis's words were often quoted. In the 5th century A.D., Saturnalia in Bis, Macro preserved such a prayer that dictators would use it to destroy enemy cities and armies. This call obviously took advantage of Vejovis's destructiveness:

Father Diss, Father Viovis, Father Manes, or any other name that calls you is correct: May you all be filled with Carthage, the army I intend to talk about, and those legions and armies that will carry weapons and missiles against us, with the impulse to escape, with fear and panic; May you take this army, this enemy ... and deprive them of the light of heaven ... and may you think that [their] cities and fields and people's lives and lives are cursed. ...

(Saturnalia, Volume III, 9. 10- 12)

Elsewhere, Li Wei pointed out that L. Furius Purpureo visited Vejovis in the Battle of cremona in 200 BC, and apparently succeeded in defeating the Gauls.

In the description of Vejovis, Pliny Sr described the protection of the wooden statue of Vejovis, which was dedicated with the temple in 192 BC. The remains of a marble statue, depicting a young body with flowing long hair but lacking a head, were found in the temple of Vicovis on Bitolli Mountain in Rome. In addition, some scholars interpret a series of dinar coins in BC 1 century as representing Vejovis, while others reject this recognition and describe God as Apollo.

There are two temples dedicated to Vichovis in Rome: one is between two peaks of Mount Bitolli (the one mentioned by Pliny), and the other is on the island of Tiber. As mentioned above, consul L. Furius Purpureo vowed to build the temple of isola TiBergnehr, and the second temple was also sworn to be built during his later tenure as consul. The work done on the Temple of Europe in Bitolli may be the restoration of the early structure, because Ovid suggested that it had existed since romulus's time and was a refuge. The dedication ceremony of this temple was held on March 7th.

The European Temple of Ka Bitolli was restored by Emperor Titus Flavius Domitianus at the end of 1 and excavated in 1939. Its structure is unique and horizontal (from left to right) to adapt to the limited available space in this area. An altar carved by Julius Caesar, Julius and the family of Emperor Augustus for Vichovis was found in Bovett. The altar is sacrificed according to the "Arba law", which is another ambiguous term.

refer to

Adkins, L. Roman Religious Dictionary Oxford University Press, 200 1.

Anonymous. Chronicle of Coins and Journal of the Royal Coin Association "Vichovis and Deeves Augustus", vol. 13 1933 No.51,pp. 232-233.

Wiley Blackwell, Encyclopedia of Ancient History, 20 12

Gaius plinius secundus (Pliny Sr). Natural history Penguin classic, 199 1 year, vol. 19, p. 98.

Garrius Grius Harvard University Press, 1927, Volume 5, Volume 12.

Levi. Levi. Harvard University Press, 19 19.

Luce, TJ, "Political Propaganda about Roman Coins: About 92-82 BC", American Journal of Archaeology, Vol.72, No.2.. 1( 1968 65438+ October), pp. 25-39.

Halibut belongs to halibut, Harvard University Press, 20 1 1 year.

Marcus Trenti and Julius Varro on Latin, Volume V, page 74.

Ovid. Fast. Oxford University Press, 20 13, Volume III, 430 pages.

Stephen Hindes. "Ama" in Ovid's Fast Part 1: Genre and Pretentiousness. Arethusa mythology, vol. 25,No. 1 (1winter of 992).

1The Temple of Viovis visited on October 22nd 20 18, 165438.