What did the ancients use to ignite _ What did the ancients use to ignite?

In ancient TV series, whenever a fire is needed, people will question what was used to make a fire in ancient times. Below I recommend some knowledge of ancient ignition to you, hoping it will be useful to you.

The origin of things used to light fires in ancient times

Fire, since the creator created it, is doomed to be extraordinary. In particular, its connection with human beings can be said to be inextricably linked, and love and hate are intertwined. I want to talk about it. People are afraid of fire, and they can't live without firing. In order to use fire anytime and anywhere, people even actively look for tools to make a fire.

Let's talk about matches, not to mention Suiren's drilling a fire pit. In fact, matches appeared very early in China. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, people glued sulfur to sticks, and with kindling or flint, they could easily make a fire. This is the most primitive collocation.

Around 950 AD, Gu Tao, a famous minister in the Northern Song Dynasty, mentioned in his book Qing Louis that sometimes there is something urgent at night, but it is inconvenient to spend a lot of time making lights. So, a wise man impregnated pine branches with sulfur and stored it for later use. When necessary, it will burn on contact with fire. The ancients called this a magical thing? Light slave? . Later, this burning thing entered the store and became a commodity. Mass production and supply, renamed? Fire inch? . Tao, a historian and writer of the Yuan Dynasty, also said in the Record of Dropping Out of Farming: Hangzhou people cut pine into small pieces as thin as paper, and the top of the wood chips were coated with sulfur, which is called making candles. Cover it with anger and candles? , should also be this kind of thing.

In addition to the fire inch, there is also the well-known fire passbook. It is made of rough earth paper roll into dense paper roll, inserted into bamboo tube, then lit and covered with ventilation hood. In this way, there is no flame, but it can leave red spots, just like risking Mars and burning vaguely for a long time. When necessary, pull out the lid and blow it gently on the passbook to rekindle it.

It is said that our matches were later sold by Kyle? Polo was introduced to Europe, and the principle of sulfur ignition was fully studied and expanded in Europe? From yellow phosphorus matches to plumisin matches, then phosphorus-free matches appeared. 1830, France's Soglia and Germany's Camelo innovated matches, and made modern matches with yellow phosphorus, sulfur and potassium chlorate. 1845, people invented red phosphorus as a safety match for matchheads. Later, as we all know, modern matches were introduced to China. Open your eyes and see the world? China people call it? Matches Fan fire? Until now, many dialects still have this name, for example, in Taiwan dialect? Fan zaihuo? .

In the eyes of ordinary people, lighters are superior to matches, so it is considered that lighters were invented later than modern matches. However, this is not the case. According to the data, the drawings of lighters first appeared in the handwriting of a noble in Nuremberg, Germany from 65438 to 0505. Others think that the lighter device may be self-contained? There are similar mechanical drawings in Finch's hand scroll, and the drawing time may be between 1500-15 19.

The history of human-made lighters is very long. ? The little match girl? It has long since disappeared in the long river of history. Few people use matches anymore. One-dollar lighters can be seen everywhere. Electronic lighters that can be lit without flame are nothing new. Maybe too many teenagers will forget what matches look like, but fire will never disappear in life.

What was used to light the fire passbook in ancient times?

According to records, the earliest matches were invented in 577 AD in China. At that time, during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, wars were frequent, and the Northern Qi Dynasty was under attack between Scylla and Charybdis, and materials were scarce. Cooking has become a problem because of the lack of kindling. At that time, a group of ladies-in-waiting invented matches, but the ancient matches in China were just a kindling material. Later, it was introduced to Europe during the Kelpolo period, and later Europeans invented it on this basis, which was once called? Matches Modern firewood. ? Matches You can make a fire by friction. The man who invented this kind of match was Walker of England. 1826, he made paste-like antimony sulfide and potassium chloride from gum and water, coated them on matchsticks, and pulled them on sandpaper to make a fire.

What is the principle of the fire passbook called in physics? Rekindle? It refers to the phenomenon that something that is already burning is in a semi-burning and semi-extinguishing state because of lack of oxygen, and immediately starts to burn after regaining oxygen. The fire passbook is artificially adding flammable toilet paper to the outer tube, creating an oxygen-deficient environment and turning the open flame into Mars. Then open the lid, and Mars will regain enough oxygen to start burning again.

A better paper-making method of the passbook is to soak the white (red) potato vines in water, take them out and beat them flat, then soak them in cotton and reed tassels, then disperse them, dry them in the sun, and add flammable substances such as nitrate, sulfur, rosin, camphor and various spices. Finally, it is folded into a long flat tube or twisted into a rope. It burns like a fire at night and is placed in a bamboo tube. When you use it, take it out and burn it. Very flammable, suitable for wealthy families and emperors in feudal times. But ordinary passbook paper is just ordinary paper money (burning money paper) or toilet paper. When making, cut the paper into a length longer than the bamboo tube, then roll it up, moderately elastic, roll it into the size of the bamboo tube, and finally insert it into the bamboo tube. Then light up and cover the ventilation hood. When necessary, pull out the cover and blow gently on the fire passbook. Of course, you have to play skillfully. In the past, rural areas were mostly used for smoking pipes and making fires.

The book said that it was used for night raids, and the presenter told me that it used to be used for smoking pipes. Maybe soldiers and civilians. That's phosphorus and some oxidizable substances. When the temperature is high, it will fully contact with oxygen, and when it is blown with the mouth or thrown quickly, it will react violently and burn. The reason is still very simple. Unscrupulous fire folding (folding) is a set of fire sickle, flint and fire folding. Fire folding is a simple lighting and lighting appliance, which is easy to carry.

Ancient matches: fire sickle

Before matches were used, what did the ancients use to light a fire?

Fire sickle. An ancient kindling vessel, named after its shape like a curved sickle, collided with flint to produce Mars. Rural areas in northern Shaanxi, especially in the fifties and sixties, were still popular, but it is hard to see them now.

Older people only say with relish that it is not easy to find one from any corner. Just because it is too ordinary and inconspicuous, it is not noticed or forgotten. And another image reflected in the memory of the years will linger for a long time, which is the historical evidence of the past.

The way the ancients made fires.

There were three ways for the ancients to make a fire, namely wood fire, yang fire and later Shi Huo.

Making a fire with wood is drilling wood to make a fire. It is to drill a kind of hard and sharp wood into another kind of loose wood, for example, the former uses elm and the latter uses willow. There is a hole in the drilled wood, which is located at the edge of the wood chip instead of the center of the wood chip, and it is shaped rather than shaped. When lighting a fire, put flammable materials such as wool made of wormwood in the hole, and insert sharp wood into the hole until the heat generated by friction ignites the flammable materials.

Wood drilling tools unearthed in Lop Nur, Xinjiang, have drill wood below and drill wood above, which are connected by ropes.

This way of making a fire should have been formed before the appearance of words, and then it stayed? Suiren's? A legendary story. It has long been the main way to make fires in ancient China. Although there was no substantial progress in technology, the ancients deduced a set of complex etiquette norms according to the five elements theory.

"Zhou Li" divides a year into five seasons, and the change of the four seasons requires different wood to drill the fire. This is called? Change fire? I think it can prevent fire and cure diseases. Use elm and willow to drill holes in spring, apricot and jujube in summer, oak and cypress in autumn, acacia and sandalwood in winter, and mulberry and zhe in summer. Moreover, the ancients thought that the flames they gave birth to were different colors, namely blue, red, white, black and yellow.

Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the custom of changing fire has gradually changed from complexity to simplicity, and from complexity to simplicity. However, in the Sui Dynasty, Wang Shao quoted a classic to tell Emperor Wen the necessity of its implementation and was allowed to play it. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the practice of changing fire in spring was continued: the fire was banned for two days during the Cold Food Festival, and Tomb-Sweeping Day lit a new fire in the morning. This custom was not abandoned until the Mongols ruled the world in the Yuan Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen, Gu and others all talked about returning fire, while Xie criticized this custom as pedantic. In fact, this statement itself is of little significance, because drilling wood for fire has gradually been replaced by stone for fire, and it doesn't make any sense to change fire or not.

Taking fire with stones is a way of taking fire by knocking flint with iron metal utensils and igniting tinder. In the Ming dynasty, its metal utensils were often called fire knives, and in the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China, they were called fire sickle. But from the picture, it may not be sickle-shaped, but it may also be axe-shaped. Flint is a hard white quartz stone. Velvet is still mainly made of natural plant fibers such as moxa.

An evolutionary version of tinder appeared in the late Qing Dynasty? When using the coal-fired paper, first strike the flint with a sickle, and sparks will appear on the coal-fired paper, so that the coal-fired paper will not burn for a certain period of time, and then it can be ignited after being taken out and blown out. Blowing coal paper is not an easy task, but three unique skills of China people written by Feng Zikai, using chopsticks and melon seeds.

There is no exact record of when the stone caught fire. In the Tang dynasty, there were seven things hanging on the belts of civil and military officials with more than five grades, which were called "what"? Seven things? Some people think that one of the flint bags is a tool for making a fire with stones; The Liao dynasty also had this system, but only military officers with more than five products could hang flint bags, but civilian officials did not.

Even though the instruments worn by officials above five grades in the Tang Dynasty were really tools to make stones light a fire, they were still quite scarce at that time, which was enough to become the privilege enjoyed by officials above five grades. In addition, because the seven objects imitate the costumes of nomadic people, it is possible that stones were introduced from nomadic people.

Until the Ming Dynasty, the common people used to make fires with stones, so that the Liangshan heroes in Water Margin repeatedly killed and set fires with knives, guns and flints.

After the introduction of matches from the west, stones were gradually replaced. During the Republic of China, people cooked with matches, but smokers often refused to light cigarettes with matches and continued to light them with sickles, especially in rural areas with underdeveloped commodity economy. To some extent, it can be considered that the admiration of ancient people for Zhou Li delayed his withdrawal from the historical stage, and the introduction of tobacco helped the sickle to survive.

Another way to make a fire with a special purpose is to make a fire with poplars. It was invented in the pre-Qin period and got its name because its heat came from the sun. Yang LAN? . Except for the occasional mention that the convex lens made of ice focuses the sunlight, it usually refers to concave mirror focusing, and flammable materials such as moxa are placed at the focus, waiting for it to burn.

Positive pulp is made of copper, also called gold enamel, which is not easy to polish and can only be used in sunny days. But what did the ancients think was the fire made by Yang Sui? Open flame? In divination sacrifice, to make a fire in this way, alchemists also pay attention to using Yang Kui's alchemy. In addition, yang marrow fire is also considered to have the effect of treating diseases.

Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica holds that when acupuncture is used to light moxa fire, it is advisable to use poplar incense and drill locust trees to light the fire. If it is difficult to prepare these two appliances for ignition in a hurry, you can use real sesame oil lights or candle fires, but the curative effect will be slightly worse, and it is not good to use stones to make a fire.

In addition, some people think that in ancient China, there were ways to knock stones to make a fire. However, archaeological excavations have never found the tools used in this way of making a fire, and its records are mostly found in poems and strange notes, with vague meanings, such as Tang poetry? Knock on Shi Jun and pass on the night fire? 、 ? Is there a knock on Shi Huo's door in the next room? 、? Shatou knocks on Shi Huo, burning bamboo to make new tea? It is not found in the application literature.

In any case, shocking the mountain has never been widely circulated. Wu Zeng, a native of Southern Song Dynasty, is famous for his erudition. He commented on a poem written by Liu Yanshi in the Tang Dynasty. Knock on the stone to get fresh fire, draw water to avoid fishy scales? Said: Shi Huo is a fire, he won't, and he won't test history. ? He said that he had never seen such a thing.

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