Classical Chinese Translation in Confucius High School

1. The translation of Confucius' ancient prose is as follows:

Confucius thinks that Yan Hui, Zigong and Luz all have their own advantages, and in a sense, these advantages are beyond his Confucius' reach (Qiu Fu Ru Ye), but they are not perfect because they are not good at observing the center and have a proper sense of proportion. He has the advantages of others, but he can also be innocent and feel inferior. Therefore, although he is not as good as others in specific aspects, he has comprehensive advantages.

The article Huai Nan Zi Ren Jian records that people may ask Confucius, "What kind of person is Yan Hui?" He said, "Benevolent people are also. Qiu Fu dairy industry. " "What kind of person is Zi Gong?" He said, "You can argue with others. Qiu Fu dairy industry. " "What kind of person is Luz?"

Yue: "The brave are also. Qiu Fu dairy industry. " The guest said, "All three are virtuous, and they are the victims. Why? " Confucius said, "Qiu is patient, slow to argue, and brave and timid. With the strength of the third son, it is easy to get rid of Qiu, too. "

Extended data:

It's from Huainanzi written by Liu An, the king of Huainan.

Huainanzi, also known as Huainan Lie Hong, is a philosophical work written by Liu An, the king of Huainan in the Western Han Dynasty (179- 122) and his disciples. The content used to be divided into internal and external articles, but now there are only 2 1 internal articles. This book is mainly based on Taoism, which combines Confucianism, Legalism, Yin-Yang and Five Elements, so it is generally considered as a miscellaneous work. The book preserves many historical materials of natural sciences and myths and fables, and also records many anecdotes between Qin and Han dynasties, which are rich in content.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Huainanzi Ren Jianxun

2. Please choose the classical Chinese translation documents selected by the pre-Qin philosophers for senior high school Chinese. Please see me and say, "As for sir, I have no doubt."

Judging from the followers. He went out and said, "Why should the second son and the third son be mourned? There is no way in the world for a long time, and God is eager for Master. "

The governor of this place asked to see Confucius, and he said, "I have never seen a gentleman come here." Followers of Confucius took him to see Confucius.

When he came out, he said (to Confucius' students), "Why worry about not having an official position? There is no way in the world for a long time, and God will call Confucius a saint. " The original text was a dragon pony, but it was difficult to cultivate. Confucius crossed it out, which made Luz interested. Long Ju said, "Who's the husband?" Lutz said, "For Kong Qiu." Yue said, "it's harmony with Lu" is right. "Yue said," I really know Tianjin. " When asked about Jie Li's drowning, Jie Li said, "Who is Zi? "Is it possible to tell you from Lutz, the founder of the world, that animals and birds can't be in the same group, and I'm not a Sri Lankan, but who can do anything about the world? Confucius passed by and asked where Luz Ferry was. " Is it Lu's? "Lutz said," Yes. " Chang Ju said, "So he already knows the location of the ferry." I went to ask Jie Li about falling into the water again. Jie drowned and said, "Who are you?" Say, "I'm Zhong You." Jie Li said, "Are you a disciple of Lu?" Lutz said, "Yes. "Why don't you follow us who escape from society?" After that, we continued to do farm work in the fields. Lutz came back and reported the situation to Confucius. Confucius was very disappointed. He said, "People can't get along with birds and animals. If you don't deal with people in the world, who else will you deal with? If the world is peaceful, I won't come to reform with you. " The original Chu praised the song and told Confucius, "A phoenix is a phoenix." What is the decline of He De? Don't remonstrate with the past, but you can still pursue the future.

Already, already! Today's politicians are at stake! "Confucius, want to talk to it. If you follow the trend, don't talk to it.

Jie Yu, a madman in Chu, walked past Confucius' car singing. He sang, "Phoenix bird, Phoenix bird! Why did your virtue decline? The past cannot be changed back, and there is still time in the future. Forget it, forget it! Are people in politics now dangerous? " Confucius got off the bus and wanted to talk to him.

Jieyu left in a hurry, and Confucius couldn't talk to him. After the original road, I met my husband and I took care of him with my stick.

Lutz asked, "Have you seen the master?" Grandfather-in-law said, "If you are not diligent, who is the master?" The staff who planted it didn't succeed. Branch arches and stands.

Don't sleep, kill the chicken for Xiaomi. See his second son.

Tomorrow, Lutz will tell you. Confucius said, "Hermit is also."

Let Lutz oppose it. Come on, just do it.

Lutz said: "Being an official is meaningless. Festivals for young people and the elderly cannot be abolished; How to abolish the meaning of monarch and minister? Trying to clean up his body, it's chaotic again.

The official position of the gentleman also carried out his righteousness. If the Tao fails, it is well known. "

Lutz traveled with Confucius, but he fell behind. He met an old man with a cane and a weeding tool. Luz asked, "Have you seen my teacher?" Lao Zhang said: "How can you say that you are a teacher if you are not diligent and don't care about the grain?" Say that finish, then hold the crutches to weed.

Gong stood respectfully with his hands behind his back. Lao Zhang lived in Luz's house, killed the chicken, cooked rice for him, and sent his two sons out to see Luz.

The next day, Luz found Confucius and reported it to him. Confucius said, "This is a hermit."

Tell Luz to go back and see him again. When Luz got there, Lao Zhang had already walked out of the gate.

Lutz said: "It is wrong not to be an official. The relationship between young people and old people is impossible to abandon; How can the relationship between monarch and minister be abandoned? Trying to be innocent has destroyed the fundamental ethical relationship between monarch and minister.

A gentleman is an official only to carry out the righteousness of the monarch and the minister. As for the impracticability of Tao, I have long known it. "

So Luz lives in Shimen. The morning gate said, "What about Xi Zi?" Day: "Since Kong's."

Yue: "Who knows what is impossible?" Luz spent the night at Shimen. The gatekeeper asked, "Where did it come from?" Lutz said, "Come from the hole."

The doorman said, "Is that the man who knows he can't do it but still wants to do it?" .

3. Confucius's famous saying in classical Chinese handed down from ancient times is untenable without learning etiquette.

If you want to be a man standing, you want to reach out and be a man.

Bow from thick and thin to blame others, which is to stay away from resentment. How about seeing Si Qi? See Si Qi for introspection.

In a threesome, there must be a teacher, choose the good one and follow it, and change the bad one. Respect life, respect deacons and be loyal to others.

A gentleman treats others with courtesy, and all men are brothers within the four seas. He keeps his word and does things respectfully. Although he is quite a country, he can do it. Is it true that you are disloyal and disrespectful, although you are in a state? Being ashamed of yourself, making it useful in all directions, and not humiliating life, is the scholar.

Confucius said, "It is a benevolent person to be able to do five things for the world." Please ask questions.

Say: "public, tolerant, trustworthy, people, and benefit. Respect is not insulting, forgiveness is popular, faith is responsible, sensitivity is meritorious, and profit can make people. "

Gentleman's righteousness is quality, courtesy is action, sun is action, and faith is success. Gentleman! If you don't change, it's too much! If you pass, you will be anxious to change.

Don't get angry, don't cross the line. The three armed forces can win the handsome, but ordinary people can't win the ambition.

If a person doesn't think about distant things, he will find sadness close at hand. Make haste slowly.

Haste makes waste; When you see a small profit, you can't make a big deal. If you don't stick to morality and don't believe in morality, how can you exist and die?

Make friends and keep your word. Take literature as your friend and benevolence as your friend.

There are three friends who benefit and three friends who suffer. Friends are frank, friends forgive and friends listen more, which is beneficial.

Friends make friends, friendly and soft, and friends will be destroyed and damaged. A gentleman talks but doesn't do it.

A gentleman should not worry about not having enough to eat, be prepared for danger in times of peace, be cautious in words and deeds, be honest and clean, and be thirsty for knowledge. Wise words confuse morality, small pains confuse great schemes.

Clever words, fresh and kind. Rigid, resolute, dull, lazy and close to benevolence.

Those who have virtue must speak, and those who have words don't have to cultivate themselves. Listen to what you say and see what you do.

Don't attract people with words, don't waste words with people. The ancients couldn't say it and were ashamed to bow their heads.

A gentleman's name must be said, and his words must be done. A gentleman's words are nothing but nothing. You can speak in words without talking to them, which is a loss; Don't talk to it in words, it's rude.

Those who know, don't lose people, don't lose words. It's called impatience if you don't say it. If you say it or not, it's called hiding. If you don't see the color, it's called jealousy.

Kindness is not easy to learn, and its cover is also stupid; If you know well and don't learn well, your cover will waver; Honesty is not easy to learn, and its cover is also a thief; Straight board is difficult to learn, and the cover is distorted; If you are brave and study hard, your cover will be messy; It is difficult to learn, but it is also crazy. Politeness and rudeness are tiring, caution and rudeness are embarrassing, courage and rudeness are chaotic, and integrity and rudeness are distorted.

Be a gentleman, respect his business and eat. The use of ceremony is precious in harmony.

Do it for the benefit, but complain more. You don't know what people are unless you know what others don't know.

Three thousand disciples, seventy-two sages. Isn't it fun to study from time to time? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Isn't he a completely moral person? Although people may not pay attention to him, he won't feel uneasy. When you are cold, you know that pine and cypress will wither.

The knower enjoys water, and the benevolent enjoys Leshan. Those who know move, those who are good are quiet.

Wise people are happy, but benevolent people live long. Not bad. Why not? It is not enough to discuss those who are ambitious and ashamed of poor food and clothing.

Anger and forgetting food, joy and forgetting worry, I don't know that old age is coming. Eat less, drink more water, bend your arms and enjoy it.

Unjust wealth is like a cloud to me. Hyun-jae, come back! A spoonful of food, a spoonful of drink, in a mean alley, it is unbearable to see.

I won't change my fun back. Hyun-jae, come back! Being rich and expensive is what people want; You can't go anywhere unless you take the main road.

Poverty and meanness are disgusting to people; If you don't take the main road, you won't go. I have money to ask for. Although I am a whipper, I do the same.

If you can't ask, just do as I say. Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? See profit and forget righteousness, and give up life for righteousness.

Cultivate one's morality for respect, cultivate one's morality for security ... cultivate one's morality for people's security. You can entrust a six-foot orphan, you can send a hundred miles of life, and the big festival cannot be taken away.

People with lofty ideals are benevolent, there is no harm in saving, and there is benevolence in death. Your name is obscure, because you are ill and there is no world.

Ambitious people are straightforward and righteous. Watch what you say and what you do. Consider the following people.

A gentleman is Thai but not arrogant, and a villain is arrogant but not Thai. It is not right for a gentleman to say (yue) is easy, and it is wrong to say (yue) and not to say (yue).

The official position of the gentleman also carried out his righteousness. Children refer to childbirth.

There are four ways for a gentleman: respect for oneself, respect for things, support for the people with benefits and the people with righteousness. A gentleman is harmonious but different, and a villain is not harmonious.

A gentleman is proud and does not fight, but a group is not a party. The week of gentlemen is incomparable, and the week of villains is incomparable.

An upright man is open and poised, little people are always sad. The benevolent does not worry, the knower is not confused, and the brave is not afraid.

Do it for the benefit, but complain more. What's wrong with seeking benevolence and benevolence?

Quality is better than literature, and literature is better than quality. Gentle, then a gentleman.

A gentleman seeks the Tao without seeking food, and a gentleman worries about the Tao without worrying about poverty. Is it impossible in France? Change it to Cheng Gui.

Can you stop talking about the handle? Deduction is expensive. Say it without deduction, so as not to change, I am at the end of what has passed.

Seeing good and seeing bad is like exploring soup. A gentleman respects the virtuous and tolerates the masses, and Jiashan regrets it.

There is not enough room for scholars! A person's real knowledge lies in knowing what he knows and what he doesn't know.

4. The only classical Chinese about Confucius is The Analects! Original 1. 1 Confucius said (1): "Learn (2) from time to time (3), not to mention (4)? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? People don't know (7) and don't care (8). Is it not a gentleman (9)? " Note (1): In ancient China, the title of respect for men with status and knowledge was sometimes referred to as men.

"Confucius" in The Analects of Confucius refers to Confucius. (2) Learning: The "learning" mentioned by Confucius here mainly refers to learning the traditional cultural classics such as rites, music, poems and books of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

(3) Time habit: During the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, the word "time" was used as an adverb, meaning "at a certain time" or "at an appropriate time". However, Zhu interpreted "time" as "constant" in his book The Analects of Confucius.

"Xi" refers to exercises, rituals and music; Comment on poetry and books. It also means review, internship and practice.

(4) Say: sound yuè, with joy, joy and happiness. (5) Have friends: There is a book called Friends and Friends.

The old note said, "friends of the same school", that is, friends studying under the same teacher, that is, like-minded people. (6) Music: different from talking.

The old note said that joy is in the heart and joy is outside. (7) People don't know: This sentence is incomplete, and there is nothing that people don't know.

Missing object. Generally speaking, knowing is understanding.

People don't know, that is, others don't know themselves. (8) Yan: Anger, resentment.

(9) Gentleman: The gentleman in The Analects of Confucius sometimes refers to a virtuous person and sometimes refers to a person. This refers to Confucius' ideal person with noble personality.

Confucius said, "isn't it pleasant to review exercises often after learning?" Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? I'm not disgusted or angry that people don't understand me. Isn't he also a virtuous gentleman? The original 1.2 wanderer (1) said: "He is also filial to his younger brother (2), but he is easy to offend (3) and thick-skinned (4); It is not easy to make mistakes, but it is easy to make a mess, which is not enough (5). Gentleman's Business Book (6) is based on Tao (7).

Filial piety is also a person's foundation and (8)? Note (1) Youzi: a student of Confucius, whose surname is You and whose name is Ruo, is 13 years younger than Confucius and 33 years younger. The latter is more credible.

In the Analects of Confucius, the recorded Confucius students are generally called "Zi", but only Zeng Shen and You Ruo are called "Zi". So many people think that The Analects of Confucius was written by Zeng Shen and You Ruo.

(2) Filial piety: filial piety is the correct attitude of children towards their parents during the slave society; Brother, the pronunciaTion and meaning are the same as "ti", which is the correct attitude of brother to brother. Filial piety and younger brother are two basic moral norms specially advocated by Confucius and Confucianism.

The old note says: parents are filial when they do good, and brothers are brothers when they do good. (3) Attack: attack, attack, attack.

Up, refers to the person in the upper position. (4) fresh: sound Xi m: n, less meaning.

This is how the word "fresh" is used in The Analects of Confucius. (5) Nothing is also: This is the inverted sentence type of "Nothing is also".

There is a rule in the syntax of ancient Chinese. If the object of a negative sentence is a pronoun, it usually comes before the verb. (6) Service: service, dedication and commitment.

Ben is not at all. (7) Tao: In China's ancient thoughts, Tao has many meanings.

The Tao here refers to the benevolence advocated by Confucius, that is, the whole moral thought system with benevolence as the core and its embodiment in real life. Simply put, it is the basic principle of governing the country and being a man.

(8) Benevolence: Benevolence is the highest category of Confucius' philosophy and a moral principle. Being the foundation of benevolence is the foundation of filial piety.

Another explanation is that the word "benevolence" in ancient times is the word "human", and the foundation of benevolence is the basis of being a man. A son said, "It is rare to be filial to parents, obedient to elder brothers, and like to offend the upper rulers." .

I don't like to offend the upper rulers, but there are no people who like to rebel. When a gentleman is committed to the fundamental things, the way of governing the country and being a man is established.

Filial piety is the essence of benevolence! "The original 1.3 Confucius said: clever words make color (1), fresh (2) benevolence. Note (1) Clever words and clever colors: Zhu Note: "Good words, good colors, good looks, we must talk about people. "

Both Joe and Ling refer to beautiful women. But this should be interpreted as pretending to be happy.

(2) Fresh: the meaning of less. Confucius said: "If you speak well and pretend to be likable, such people will have no kindness."

The original 1.4 Ceng Zi (1) said: "My three Japanese provinces ② are my body. Cheating for others (3)? Make friends without trust (4)? Can't you learn? " Note (1) Ceng Zi: Ceng Zi, born in 505 BC, is a native of the State of Lu, a descendant of the nobles of the State of Guo who were wiped out by the State of Lu.

Zeng Shen is a proud pupil of Confucius and is famous for his dutiful son. It is said that he wrote the Book of Filial Piety.

(2) Three provinces: province, inspection xǐng inspection. There are several explanations in the three provinces: first, three inspections; The second is to check from three aspects; The third is to check many times.

In fact, in ancient times, adding numbers before verbs with actions meant that there were many actions, which did not have to be recognized as three times. (3) loyalty: the old note said: loyalty.

We should do our best here. (4) letter: the old note says: the believer is sincere.

Believe in honesty. People are required to keep faith with each other according to etiquette rules to adjust the relationship between people.

(5) Pass on without learning: Pass on, and the old note says, "Master Pass on. The teacher taught himself

Learning, like the word "learning while learning", refers to review, practice, exercise and so on. Ceng Zi said, "I have to reflect on myself many times every day. Do I try my best to serve others? Is it honest and trustworthy to associate with friends? Have you reviewed what the teacher taught you? " Confucius said, "Tao (1) is a thousand times the country (2). As far as respect (3) is concerned, saving money and loving others (4) makes people timely (5). "

Note (1): A book serves as a guide and a verb. This means governance.

(2) the country of a thousand riders: riding, with the sound of shèng, means car. This refers to the basic units of the ancient army.

Every time you ride in a four-horse chariot, there are 3 military personnel, 72 people beside the chariot and 25 logistics personnel, totaling 100. A thousand chariots country refers to a country with 1000 chariots, that is, a vassal state.

Wars were frequent in the Spring and Autumn Period, so the strength of a country was calculated by the number of vehicles. In the era of Confucius, the country of a thousand riders was no longer a big country.

(3) Respect: The word respect is generally used in table.

5. Translation of Confucius' Speech in Classical Chinese 1. Classical Chinese expression:

People may ask Confucius, "What kind of person is Yan Hui?" Yue: "Benevolent people are also like this."

"What kind of person is Zi Gong?" Yue: "You can argue with others, that's all."

"What kind of person is Luz?" Yue: "So are the brave."

The soldier said, "All three are virtuous and serve your master. What is it? " Confucius said, "Qiu is patient, slow to argue, and brave and timid. With the ability of the third son, Qiu Yi is one, and Qiu Fu is also. "

2. The expression of vernacular:

Someone asked Confucius, "What kind of person is Yan Hui?"

Confucius said, "Yan Hui is a benevolent man, and I am not as good as him."

The man asked again, "What kind of person is Zi Gong?"

Zi Gong replied: "Zi Gong is an eloquent man, and I am not as good as him."

The man then asked, "What kind of person is Luz?"

Confucius replied, "Luz is a brave man, and I am not as good as him."

Someone asked strangely, "All three of them are better than you, but they worship you as a teacher and obey your orders." . Why is this? "

Confucius replied: "I am kind and cruel, eloquent but not abrupt, brave and afraid." I won't trade the strengths of my three apprentices for my knowledge or methods of observing and handling problems. "

In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Luz, who was generous and good at fencing. He heard that Confucius in Lu recruited many people to study etiquette and culture, so he went to see Confucius. But he didn't know what else he could learn from Confucius, so he asked Confucius, "Sir, I have a question in my heart. It seems that some people are born with talent and can do many things without learning. " For example, bamboo on the mountain can be cut down to make bamboo arrows, which can be used to shoot rhinoceros skin. If a person can become as useful as bamboo without reading, why should he read? "

When Confucius heard this, he knew that Luz was a straightforward and conceited person, so he sincerely advised him: "You know bamboo can be made into arrows and can pierce the skin of rhinoceros. Don't you know that once bamboo arrows has a bronze arrow on the front and feathers on the back, the arrow can shoot faster, more accurately and more powerfully? Isn't it deeper to shoot rhinos with it? Learning is the truth. Only by adding better abilities to your original abilities can you make continuous progress! "

After hearing this, Luz admired Confucius, sincerely followed Confucius and finally became a great man with knowledge.

7. Confucius's teaching of classical Chinese translation Confucius often teaches students to match words with deeds and not to talk eloquently. One day, he said to Confucius, "Mr. Wang's way of benevolence and righteousness is really great!" Should these truths I have heard be implemented immediately? " Confucius said, "You have your father and brothers, and they all need your care. How can you hear these truths and carry them out? "

Confucius worried that Lutz would die before filial piety to his adoptive father and brother. After a while, You Ran also asked, "Sir! Should the principle of benevolence and righteousness I heard from you be implemented immediately? " Confucius said, "Do what you say." Gong Xihua, who stood by, was puzzled and couldn't help asking Confucius, "Sir! Lutz asked if he should smell it before acting. Mr. Wang said that with his father and brother here, why not act immediately? Ran asked if you want to smell it before you act. Teacher Ran said you should smell it before you act. I don't understand, please ask sir? " Confucius said, "Ran is a coward. We should inspire his courage.

Lutz is brave and fearless, so we should neutralize his violence. "You Ran's cowardice is also recorded in The Analects. You Ran used to work under the powerful minister Ji Shi, who was a tyrannical man. As a disciple of Confucius, You Ran knew it was wrong to do so. Not only did he dare not convince his boss Ji, but he obeyed Ji's wishes and "amassed benefits" for him. I was very angry. Confucius called You Ran "not my disciple"! And mobilize students to "drum and attack"! If You Ran could listen to the teachings of Confucius and stick to the principle of benevolence and righteousness, he would not do anything to help others.