Analysis of Qin Shihuang's Unification Strategy; What did Qin Shihuang unify?

The most well-known achievement of Qin Shihuang's unification of Qin Shihuang and Ying Zheng is the unification of the world. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he established the first centralized country in the history of China and became the first feudal monarch known as the emperor.

Statue of Qin Shihuang

After Ying Zheng came to power, he carried out the strategy of great unification, successively destroyed the six countries of Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi, unified the world, and established the first unified feudal country in the history of China, named Qin Shihuang. After the unification of the six countries, Qin Shihuang took many measures to strengthen the absolute monarchy, involving politics, culture, economy, military and other aspects.

Politically, Qin Shihuang abolished the previous enfeoffment system and established the autocratic monarchy system. He also established the emperor system, and the emperor had supreme power, and appointed three public officials and nine ministers to handle state affairs and serve the emperor. At the same time, he also promoted the county system in local areas to strengthen the central government's control over local areas and the emperor's control over power.

Economically, Qin Shihuang unified the different standards of weights and measures in different countries during the Warring States period, and at the same time implemented national coinage and unified currency throughout the country, which promoted economic development and exchanges at that time. Qin Shihuang also greatly rectified the traffic, built a horse riding field, stipulated the shape and structure of carriages and vehicles, and promoted the development of traffic.

Culturally, Qin Shihuang unified the national common characters, which was conducive to cultural exchanges at that time. However, for the sake of cultural unity, Qin Shihuang also burned books to bury Confucianism. Although the Qin Dynasty achieved cultural unification, it destroyed many cultural classics and killed many talents.

Militarily, after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries and the Central Plains, he began to conquer Baiyue and Xiongnu, which were located in the north and south of the Qin Dynasty, and incorporated many areas into the territory of the Qin Dynasty. At the same time, he also opened up the northern territory and southwest region, making the Qin Dynasty the first multi-ethnic country. In order to strengthen the frontier defense, Qin Shihuang also ordered people to build the Great Wall to ensure the safety of the people in the northern border.

What did Qin Shihuang unify? Qin Shihuang unified the whole country and created the first unified centralized feudal country in Chinese history. During the first 230 years-the first 22 1 year, Qin Shihuang destroyed Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi successively, ending the long-term feudal melee and unifying the world, becoming the first emperor in history.

After Qin Shihuang took control of state power, he promulgated a series of policies to promote national reunification.

Qin Shi Huang

Politically, the centralization of feudal autocracy was established. The original enfeoffment system was abolished, the county system was established throughout the country, and the state power was unified.

Economically, unifying the currency and establishing a new monetary system have promoted economic exchanges throughout the country; Unified measurement realized the unification of measurement methods for the first time in the history of our country, and built a waterway transportation network centered on Xianyang city; Implement the same track for the vehicle.

In terms of culture, unified writing. Qin Shihuang's official document ordered that the people of the whole country could only write standard characters in Xiao Zhuan and write them in official script every day. Today's regular script is evolved from official script. The unification of Chinese characters is an important process in the development of Chinese culture, which laid the foundation for the integration of 56 ethnic groups in China.

Ideologically, Qin Shihuang burned books to bury Confucianism, leaving only books on medicine, divination and cultivation. It is stipulated that the people of the whole country can only study and use books such as medicine, divination and planting. However, this measure did not achieve the effect of unifying people's thoughts, but did great harm to China's ideology and culture.

On the military side, build Lingqu, control the Yangtze River basin and unify southern Xinjiang; The Great Wall was built to fight against the Xiongnu in the north, which made the people in the north live a carefree life and cast a line of defense for the border of China.

Qin Shihuang unified writing? At the beginning of Qin Shihuang's unification of the world, the government was unstable and the society was in turmoil during his reign. In order to better consolidate the government and stabilize the world, he began to reform the policy, and Qin Shihuang's unified writing policy was an important measure for him to control the world culturally.

Statue of Qin Shihuang

The characters and languages used by the six countries are quite different. Regional differences make the communication between the parties far behind, which greatly hinders the cultural and economic exchanges between the parties and the implementation efficiency of the instructions issued by the central government. So Qin Shihuang ordered the text to be sorted out and unified.

So Li Si, the prime minister of the dynasty, began to sort out the words at the behest of Qin Shihuang. At that time, the confusion caused by the difference of characters was great, and the confusion of characters was based on the premise of consolidating unity. Only by unifying the words can the laws be unified. So we can only abolish all the characters in the six countries and formulate a unified writing standard. At that time, Lisi optimized the big seal script that was popular in Qin Dynasty, and absorbed the simple features of other places, and created a new character with round, neat and concise form, which was called "Qin Zhuan" and "Xiao seal script" in history.

Qin Shihuang used Xiao Zhuan to plan the national characters in a unified way in order to achieve a unified effect. At that time, a prisoner found it difficult to write Xiao Zhuan, so he invented another kind of character to replace it, which was appreciated by Qin Shihuang and named this font "Lishu", which greatly improved the writing efficiency.

Qin Shihuang unified the written language, greatly strengthened the ideological unity, and made up for the obstacles of different dialects. It was a carrier spanning time and space and played a great role in many aspects. However, due to the magnificence and inconvenience of seal script, its life span is very short.

Which six countries was unified by Qin Shihuang? Ying Zheng was the first emperor in the history of China. In the troubled times of war, Ying Zheng overthrew the other six countries with great ambition and extraordinary talent, and finally ended the war and unified the six countries. So, which six countries was unified by Qin Shihuang?

Stone statue of Qin Shihuang

South Korea was destroyed by Qin Shihuang in 230 BC, and it was the first country destroyed by Qin Shihuang. In 233 BC, South Korea once ceded land to Qin Shihuang, but it still didn't get Qin Shihuang's pity. In 230 BC, Qin Shihuang attacked South Korea on a large scale and captured the then king of South Korea.

Zhao was the second country destroyed by Qin Shihuang, and the capital at that time was Handan. Qin Shihuang destroyed Zhao and captured Zhao's queen, and Zhao's son Jia fled to become king, but Qin Shihuang also destroyed Zhao in 228 BC, and Zhao completely perished.

In 227 BC, Wang Jian, the general of Qin Shihuang, led an army to attack Yan State and captured its capital. Later, in order to make peace with Qin Shihuang, the Prince of Yan spared no expense in offering the head of Taizi Dan and sent Jing Ke to assassinate Qin Shihuang, but he still failed to escape the end of his demise. Wei was destroyed by Qin Shihuang in 225 BC.

In 225 BC, Qin Jun's army attacking Chu was repeatedly defeated because of insufficient troops. Qin Shihuang finally listened to the advice of general Wang Jian, attacked the city heavily and wiped out the dormant Chu state in one fell swoop.

The country that was finally eliminated was Qi, because Qi was stronger than the other five countries. However, when Qin Shihuang attacked the other five countries, Qi stood by and led to his final isolation. In 22 1 year BC, the King of Qi was captured by Qin Jun, and Qin Shihuang finally unified the six countries.

Qin Shihuang unified the measurement. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the vassal states fought in melee, and the weights and measures varied from country to country. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, in order to unify management, he implemented "one measure and one foot, one car on the same track, one book on the same character", issued imperial edicts for unified measurement, and formulated a strict management system.

Qin dynasty weights and measures

Unified measurement is the basis and premise of Qin Shihuang's ancient standardization, because only the units of measurement are unified, accurate and reliable can the specifications, sizes and weights of currency, track and field and weapons be consistent. Therefore, after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he promoted the weights and measures of the Warring States and Qin Dynasties formulated by Shang Yang 100 years ago to the whole country. The measures are as follows: First, a decree was issued, and the imperial edict was issued, to the effect that the emperor annexed vassal states, the world was unified, the people were at peace, and the title of emperor was established. The imperial edict appointed Wang Wan as Prime Minister and formulated a unified law on weights and measures. All substandard weights and measures must be ordered to be unified. Just 40 words, briefly explaining the historical background and unified requirements; The second is to issue standard instruments of weights and measures, which are uniformly supervised by the central government and distributed to all localities for use. The third is to implement the verification and calibration system. Calibrators and balancers are verified by the government at least once a year.

Unified measurement, which began in Qin Shihuang, is of great significance to the unity of the Chinese nation and the implementation of government decrees. There are standardized measurement standards all over the country, which provide convenient conditions for people to engage in economic and cultural exchanges; It has played a positive role in the unification of tax system and salary system; It is conducive to eliminating the influence of separatist forces.

After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was chaos and war, and the Lebanese people suffered from war. It was not until Qin Shihuang appeared, many vassal States were eliminated, the whole country was unified and the war ended that the people got rid of the persecution of the war. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, the land of China was devastated and devastated. Therefore, Qin Shihuang implemented many policies to restore people's normal life.

Stone statue of Qin Shihuang

In law, Qin Shihuang always emphasized the rule of law. Therefore, after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, the first thing was to strictly follow the rule of law put forward by jurist Han Feizi. Many decrees have been promulgated all over the country, requiring all officials and people in all parts of the country to abide by the law and not to break the law, otherwise they will be severely punished.

In literature, Qin Shihuang ordered Cang Xie to create characters, which later became Xiao Zhuan, unified the characters all over the world, and ensured the spread of cultural knowledge and Qin Shihuang's rule over people's thoughts.

Militarily, Qin Shihuang ordered the army to repair and further build the Great Wall, so as to avoid foreign invasion and prevent people's life and property safety and Qin Shihuang's rule from being threatened.

In terms of transportation, Qin Shihuang also attached great importance to it. Qin Shihuang ordered all parts of the country to vigorously build roads and post stations to ensure the transportation capacity of roads, strengthen the development of domestic transportation and promote the economic development of various places.

Regarding politics, Qin Shihuang believed that weapons were very bad things, threatening the lives of the people and affecting the rule of the Qin Dynasty. As a result, Qin Shihuang confiscated and destroyed all the weapons in the world, created twelve Jin people, and prohibited the people from using weapons.