What are the ancient directional instruments?

SiNa is an instrument used to tell the direction in ancient China, and it was invented by the working people in ancient China who realized the magnetism of objects in their long-term practice. According to ancient mine records, it first appeared in the Cishan area of Hebei Province during the Warring States Period.

According to the speculation of modern archaeologists, the natural magnetite ore is cut into a spoon-shaped thing and placed on a smooth board with directions engraved on it. The direction can be identified by the function of a magnet guide. The only physical object found so far is in Chengdu, Sichuan. Is the ancestor of the compass used now. Now metaphor is the criterion of action; Guide correctly.

2.compass fish

The compass fish is recorded in General Theory of Jason Wu, which was invented by Ceng Gongliang in the early Northern Song Dynasty. It is an instrument used to indicate and identify the direction in ancient China, just like Sina. In 960, Song Taizu established the Song Dynasty, ending the feudal regime in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. During the Northern Song Dynasty, agriculture, handicrafts and commerce all made new progress.

On this basis, China has made brilliant scientific and technological achievements. In the Song Dynasty, the manufacture of compass in China, like papermaking and printing, also made great progress. About the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, China also created a guiding tool-guiding blind fish.

At that time, there was a famous military work called "General Theory of Wu Jing", which said: When marching, if it is cloudy and dark, you should let the old horse lead the way, or use a compass and compass to identify the direction.

3. Compass car

The South Guide Car, also known as the South Guide Car, is a device used to indicate the direction in ancient China. It is different from a compass in that it uses geomagnetic effect, and it does not use magnetic force. The compass is a simple mechanical device that uses gear transmission to indicate the direction. Its principle is to drive a two-wheeled south guide car to walk by manpower, thus driving the wooden gear in the car to rotate and transmitting the differential speed between the two wheels during steering.

Then, Woodenhead in the driving car points in the opposite direction to the car turning at the same angle, and Woodenhead in the car indicates the direction. No matter where the car turns, when the South Locomotive starts, Woodenhead's hand always points to the direction indicated by Woodenhead. "Although the car was brought back, the hand has been guiding."

4. Compass

Compass, the main component is a magnetic needle installed on the shaft. The magnetic needle can rotate freely under the action of natural geomagnetic field, and keep in the tangential direction of magnetic meridian. The north pole of the magnetic needle points to the north pole, and the direction can be distinguished by this property.

It is often used in navigation, geodesy, tourism and military affairs. The invention of the compass with physical direction indication has three parts, namely Sina, compass and magnetic needle, all of which belong to the invention of China. According to ancient mine records, it first appeared in the Cishan area during the Warring States Period.

Compass is the result of China ancient working people's understanding of magnet magnetism in long-term practice. As one of four great inventions of ancient china, its invention has played an inestimable role in the development of human science, technology and civilization. In ancient China, the compass was first used for rituals, etiquette, military affairs and divination, and to determine the orientation when looking at geomantic omen.

5. Magnetic needle

Needle magnets, usually long and narrow diamonds. The middle support can rotate freely in the horizontal direction. Under the action of geomagnetism, the two tips point to the south and the north respectively at rest.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Sina (China Ancient Identification Instrument)

Baidu encyclopedia-compass fish

Baidu encyclopedia-compass

Baidu Encyclopedia-Compass (a tool for identifying prescriptions)

Baidu encyclopedia-magnetic needle